The State

Contents

Introduction

Ideologies

Conservatism

THOMAS HOBBES, The Citizen under the Leviathan (1651)

ALEXANDER HAMILTON, For a Strong Central State (1788)

JOSEPH DE MAISTRE, The Sovereign as the producer of society (1796-1819)

LOUIS DE BONALD, The King as the embodiment of love in society (1796)

WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL, The State as God on earth (1821)

THOMAS CARLYLE, The King as Hero (1841)

OTTO VON BISMARCK, The State as a provident father (1891)

 

Liberalism

MAX STIRNER, Political Liberalism (1845)

THOMAS HILL GREEN, The State as a Moral Agent (1882)

BERNARD BOSANQUET, The Philosophical Theory of the State (1899)

WINSTON CHURCHILL, Collectivism and Individualism (1906)

JOHN HOBSON, Socialism in Liberalism (1909)

LEONARD HOBHOUSE, Liberal Socialism (1911)

ALBERT NOCK, Liberalism, Properly So Called (1943)

 

Capitalism

KARL MARX, State debt, capital and big industry (1867)

HILAIRE BELLOC, The Rise of the Capitalist State (1912)

PYOTR KROPOTKIN, Monopolies (1913)

JAMES BURNHAM, The Bourgeoisie takes over the State (1941)

RICHARD HEFFNER, The Gilded Age (1952)

GABRIEL KOLKO, Political Capitalism (1963)

SEYMOUR MELMAN, State Capitalism (1985)

 

Socialism - Communism

ANTOINE MARTINET, Statolatry or Legal Communism (1848)

FERDINAND LASSALLE, The State as the agent of Socialism (1862)

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Socialism as State despotism (1878)

GEORGES SOREL, Socialist Parties and Intellectuals as State Pillars (1908)

ÉLIE HALÉVY, The Age of Tyrannies (1936)

GREGORY PETROVICH MAXIMOFF, Communism as Ultra-Statism (1940)

SVETOZAR STOJANOVIĆ, Stalinism as Oligarchic Statism (1973)

 

Fascism - Nationalsocialism

BENITO MUSSOLINI, Speech on the third anniversary of the March on Rome (1925)

FASCISM EXCEPTIONAL DECREES, Law for the Defense of the State (1926)

GIOVANNI GENTILE, The Doctrine of Fascism (1932)

JOSÉ ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA, Programme of the Falange Española de las JONS (Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista) (1934)

POPE PIUS XI, Statolatry (1931-1937)

DENIS DE ROUGEMONT, Totalitarian Statism (1938)

FRANZ NEUMANN, The Totalitarian State (1942)

 

Myths

Politics

MAX STIRNER, Politics and Parties (1844)

ROBERT MICHELS, The tendency of the masses to worship leaders (1925)

JULIEN BENDA, Politics as the organization of hatred (1927)

CARL SCHMITT, The concept of the political (1932)

IGNAZIO SILONE, The superstitions of power (1938)

GAETANO MOSCA, Political and financial power (1939)

BERTRAND RUSSELL, Intellectual political rubbish (1943)

ISABEL PATERSON, “Benefactory Politics” as a Way to Hell (1943)

CARLO LEVI, The State worshippers (1944)

THEODORE ROSZAK, The Disease called Politics (1962)

JACQUES ELLUL, The political illusion (1965)

GIAN PIERO DE BELLIS, Politics, the opium of the people (2010)

 

Democracy

ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, Democracy as Tyranny of the Majority (1835)

PIERRE-JOSEPH PROUDHON, Democracy (1848)

LYSANDER SPOONER, Majorities and Minorities (1867)

PYOTR KROPOTKIN, About elections (1880)

ÉMILE GAUTIER, Parliamentarism (1885)

OCTAVE MIRBEAU, The Voters Strike (1888)

LEV TOLSTOY, Democracy as superstition (1888)

EMMA GOLDMAN Minorities versus Majorities (1917)

ROSE WILDER LANE, Democracy (1943)

JACOB LEIB TALMON, Totalitarian Democracy (1952)

MARC ERIC ELY-CHAITLIN, The Dynamics of Mob Rule (1988)

GIAN PIERO DE BELLIS, Democracy as Statocracy (2009)