John Zube

ON LIBERTY

Quotes, Notes, Comments & Slogans
for Individual Liberty & Rights
against Popular Statist Errors & Prejudices

Index - I2

(2014)

 


 

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: A bureaucracy has no more right to own and direct your life than a monarch or a tyrant has - even if this bureaucracy had majority consent. - MAJORITY & BUREAUCRACY JZ, n.d.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: A Free Man is a Sovereign.” - W. G. Sumner: What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, p.25. - Nevertheless, he did not clearly come out for exterritorial autonomy and personal laws for volunteer communities or at least for individual secessionism. People do not always draw the right conclusions from their own beliefs. - JZ, 18.11.02.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: A society will remain as free or as enslaved as the conscious dispositions of individuals determine it shall be. Just as the roots of oppression are found in passivity, the foundations of our liberty reside in highly energized and focused minds that insist upon their independence. There are no shortcuts, no structures or doctrines that can be erected, no hallowed documents to be revered, to save us the effort of continually challenging those who would presume to exercise authority over our lives.” - Butler Shaffer, The Wizards of Ozymandias, chapter 17: The Delusion of Limited Government, which is online at Rockwell.com. – Like Ayn Rand, he got most of the principles right but not their practical application to the various political, economic and social systems. Rather he condemns all institutions and organizations, even the voluntary one and merely exterritorially autonomous ones, if I understand him right. – JZ, 19.2.05, 4.1.09. - FREE SOCIETIES VS. AUTHORITARIANISM, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, COERCION, NATIONALISM, COLLECTIVISM, GOVERNMENTALISM, DICTATORSHIPS, TOTALITARIANISM, DESPOTISM, MAJORITY OR REPRESENTATIVE RULE, DEMOCRACIES, REPUBLICS, ALL OF THE TERRITORIAL TYPE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Absolute liberty is absence of restraint; responsibility is restraint; therefore, the ideally free individual is responsible to himself.” - Henry Brooks Adams, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - INDIVIDUALISM, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PANARCHISM, ABSOLUTE LIBERTY, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: All places that they eye of Heaven visits, / Are to a wise man ports and happy havens: - / Think not the king did banish thee: / But thou the king. – Richard II. (Shakespeare?) Quoted in: Fenimore Cooper, The Pioneers, p. 16, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 7th printing, 1966. - EACH A KING, COSMOPOLITANISM, HOME IS WHERE ONE IS AS FREE AS ONE WANTS TO BE, EMIGRATION, DEPORTATION, BANISHMENT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Anarchism, as Tucker conceived it, arose out of the contradiction that exists between the sovereign individual and the sovereign State. One or the other must emerge supreme, and in Tucker's opinion, this must be the individual.” - William O. Reichert, Partisans of Freedom, p.152.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Anarchism, the great leaven of thought, is today permeating every phase of human endeavor. Science, art, literature, the drama, the effort for economic betterment, in fact every individual and social opposition to the existing disorder of things, is illuminated by the spiritual light of Anarchism. It is the philosophy of the sovereignty of the individual. It is the theory of social harmony. It is the great, surging, living truth that is reconstructing the world, and that will usher in the Dawn.” - Emma Goldman, “Anarchism What It Really Stands For”, in: Alix Kates Shulman, ed. of Red Emma Speaks, in conclusion, on p.71. - ANARCHISM, INDIVIDUALISM, PANARCHISM, HARMONY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: And now, if these principles, as I have tried to set them before you, are true; if men have no rightful claim to possess any sovereignty over the bodies and minds of each other; if that sovereignty only belongs to the man's own self; ...” - Auberon HERBERT, Mack edition, p.150.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: As it must not, so genius can not be lawless; for it is even this that constitutes its genius - the power of acting creatively under laws of its own origination.” - Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), Lectures and Notes on Shakespeare and Other Dramatists (published 1853). - Under territorialism neither the genius nor the fool, neither the rich nor the poor have the liberty to live under laws and institutions of their own individual choosing. - JZ, 13.10.02. - Under exterritorialism both do. - JZ, 26.11.02. - GENIUS, PERSONAL LAW, MAKING & LIVING ONE SELF  BY THE OWN RULES, LAWLESSNESS, SELF-MANAGEMENT, SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF-DETERMINATION, INDEPENDENCE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Barring force and fraud, autonomy need never be abridged in society, if autonomy is understood in the sense of individual sovereignty.” - Roy Childs, Anarchism and Justice, INDIVIDUALIST, 10/71. - AUTONOMY, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Being your own man is the most serious crime of all, today." - Paul Herr. – Those, who try to master others are thereby no longer fully masters of their own affairs. Instead, they are, wrongfully, all too busy with the affairs of others and thus waste their own lives, as never fully developed personalities. – Compare: “Each leash has two ends.” – Being merely a leader among like-minded people is something very different, a cooperative rather than a dominating leadership. - JZ, 13.9.13. - SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF-DEVELOPMENT, LVING THE OWN LIFE, INDIVIDUALISM, , RULERS, PRESIDENTS, INDEPENDENCE, PRIME MINISTERS, LEADERSHIP, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: By natural law you are the master of your own fate. - What an absurd and disgusting thought that politicians and bureaucrats, as they are, could and should be masters of your fate! - JZ, 2.6.84. - VS. COLLECTIVIST, TERRITORIAL & COMPULSORY STATE SOVEREIGNTY, MASTER OF THE OWN FATE, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-DETERMINATION

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Caesar does not rightly own you, your property or your allegiance - unless you yourself, voluntarily and temporarily give them to him. – Rather: Unless you give yourself and it to him, as long as you can stand or want his rule over you. - JZ 2.6.84, 12.1.09. - SELF-OWNERSHIP, CAESAR, NATION GOVERNMENT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Caesar, by natural law, does not own anyone but himself. - JZ - SELF-OWNERSHIP, CAESAR, LEADERSHIP, RULERS, GOVERNMENT, STATES

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Consumption should be voluntary - also for State services. – JZ, n.d. – VOLUNTARISM, PUBLIC SERVICES, STATES & CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY IN EVERY SPHERE, LAISSEZ FAIRE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: denationalization of Sovereign Individuals."… - James Dale Davidson & William Rees-MOGG, The Sovereign Individual, MacMillan, & Simon & Schuster, 1997, 276. – If they were already recognized and treated as sovereign individuals then they would not need any denationalization. And as fully sovereign individuals they could not have become nationalized. People have the right to be treated and to act as sovereign individuals in all their own affairs and choices for themselves. – JZ, 12.1.09. – DENATIONALIZATION, SOVEREIGN INDIVIDUALS   

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Does there exist a nobler inspiration than the desire to be free? It is by his freedom that a man knows himself, by his sovereignty over his own life. To violate freedom, to flout that sovereignty, is to deny man the right to live his life, to take responsibility for himself with dignity.” - Elie Wiesel, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - FREEDOM, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-GOVERNMENT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Doing one's own thing is morally never wrong. - But doing wrongs to others as if they and their property were your own, that is the greatest crime, on any scale, from individual robberies and murders to compulsory taxes and official mass murders. - JZ, n.d., 15.11.02. - DOING THE OWN THING VS. THE DOMINATION BY TERRITORIALISM, STATISM, POLITICIANS, BUREAUCRATS

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Edith was a little country bounded on the North, South, East and West by Edith.” - Martha Ostenso, b. 1900, quoted in A. Andrews Quotations. - But did little Edith, then or even 60 years later, comprehend all that is involved in individual sovereignty? Or did she confine her sovereignty mainly to the trivia of individual daily lives? - JZ, 18.11.02. – Doesn’t our upbringing, schooling and training all too often squash or suppress this natural individual sovereignty shown already in many infants and children? – JZ, 12.1.09.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Even children should have the right to vote e.g. on the destruction of all nuclear “weapons”. After all, their survival is also involved. - JZ, n.d. - Would they really make mostly worse decisions than our top political decision-makers have made so far? - JZ, 15.11.02. - DECISION-MAKING, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, NUCLEAR WAR THREAT, VOTING, CHILDREN

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Even terrorists have some rightful claims and they should thus be given the secessionist and exterritorial option to realize them. Who knows? - That approach might even pacify many of them! - JZ, 2.6.84. – But that right does not grant them immunity or a full moral excuse for the terrorist actions they have committed. On the other hand, it should be taken into consideration that the official terrorist actions undertaken by territorial governments, also upon the “principle” of collective responsibility, had, usually, even much worse mass murderous results. And if terrorists are held responsible for their terrorist actions then so should be the officials for their terrorist actions. – Who is to throw the first stone? Who is entirely innocent of territorialist and collective responsibility notions and actions? - JZ, 12.1.09. – TERRORISM & GOVERNMENTAL & TERRITORIALIST TERRORIST ACTIONS, COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Every individual is by rights a sovereign nation by himself and under no obligation to federate or to remain in a federation, least of all a territorial one. - JZ, n.d., 15.11.02. – Exterritorially organized nations of volunteers do agree with individual sovereignty and its diverse individual choices. – JZ, 12.1.09. - VS. TERRITORIAL NATIONS, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PERSONAL LAW, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM, COMPETING GOVERNANCE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Every Man a King.” - Title of Huey Long's biography, 1933. - Kings make war against each other, using up their subjects in the process, because they do not recognize their kinghood or individual sovereignty. Thus this phrasing is not sufficiently enlightening. - Everyone a king, but only a king without subjects! A king without owning an exclusive territory and all its population. Or a king - but only over voluntary followers. - JZ, 18.11.02. - PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Every man is free to do that which he wills, provided he infringes not the equal freedom of any other man.” - Herbert Spencer, Principles of Ethics, Part IV, Justice. - He was, as a young man, writing in 1850, in SOCIAL STATICS, one of the few consistent political thinkers, arriving from this principle to conclude upon "the right to ignore the State." Later he seems to have renounced this idea, without sufficiently, if at all, explaining why he did so. - JZ, 18.11.02.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: EVERY person being entitled to SOVEREIGNTY within his own sphere, there can be, consistently, no limits or exceptions to the title to protection in the legitimate exercise of this sacred right, whether on this side or the other side of the Atlantic, and whether 'in a state of war' or not: and, as soon as we take position for this universal right for all the world, we shall have all the world FOR us and WITH us and no enemies to contend with. Did military men ever think of this? Did governments ever think of it?” - J. Warren, True Civilization, p.16. (21.) - LIBERATION, DEFENCE, PEACE, MINORITY AUTONOMY FOR ALL, ALLIES, ENEMIES, STRENGTH

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Everyone must feel that he is the supreme arbiter of his own (destiny), that no power on earth shall rise over him, that he is and always shall be sovereign of himself and all relating to his individuality. Then only shall all men realize security of person and property.” - Josiah Warren, quoted on p.102 of William Bailie's biography of J. W. - AS OPPOSED TO NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: for it must be continually remembered that the doctrine of Sovereignty of the Individual demands that I should sedulously and religiously respect your Individuality, while I vindicate my own.” - S. P. Andrews, The Science of Society, p.26.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: For really I think that the poorest he that is in England hath a life to live, as the greatest he; and therefore, truly, sir, I think it is clear that every man that is to live under a government ought first by his own consent to put himself under that government; and I do think that the poorest man in England is not at all bound in a strict sense to that government that he hath not had a voice to put himself under; …” - Rainborough: October 1647. - Quoted in: R. F. D. Ball, The People Shall Judge, vol. 1, part 1, p.41. - Was he thinking of exterritorial autonomy for individuals and their voluntary associations or only of “the” collective, “free” and “equal” vote, one among millions? – JZ, 13.9.07. INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY AMONG THE LEVELERS,

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Freedom for the individual from every coercion by the State. Every human being is free by nature and no one has the right to impose a law upon him but himself.” – (Freiheit von jedem staatlichen Zwang fuer das Individuum. Jeder Mensch ist von Natur frei, und niemand hat das Recht, ihm ein Gesetz aufzuerlegen, als er selbst.) - J. G. Fichte, Beitrag zur Berichtigung der Urteile des Publikums ueber die Franzoesische Revolution, 1793, Roederberg Ausgabe, S. 246. - INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, LAWS, COERCION, STATE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Freedom means: Do your own things, in your own time, in your own place, at your own risk and expense, in whatever country you like. - JZ, n.d., & 16.11.02, 13.9.13. - INDEPENDENCE, INDIVIDUALISM, FREEDOM, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Freedom! A fine word when rightly understood. What freedom would you have? What is the freedom of the most free? To act rightly!” - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), Egmont (1775-1787). - FREEDOM OF ACTION, RIGHT ACTION

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Government service shall be exactly, and only, what the people want and are willing to voluntarily pay for.” – Jack Anderson and Perry Miles, A Constitution for a Moral Government, p.47. - In this wording 'the people ' should be replaced by: "individual people". JZ - GOVERNMENT, VOLUNTARY, COMPETING, PANARCHISM, PEOPLE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Governments - supposedly our servants, are in reality armed against us, their nominal masters. And they wrongfully involve us in their arguments and struggles with the masters and "servants" of other territorial nation States. Instead of being hired and fired by us, they tax us and regulate us. And all too many of us call this a solution and the only and best possible one! As Ulrich von Beckerath used to say, particularly with regard to the threat of the nuclear holocaust, in which they have involved us, in which each "nuclear power" holds all the subjects of the other nuclear power as hostages, even a dog would tend to run away if it were as badly treated. But we continue to cheer for our masters or vote them into office or tolerate them in office. - JZ, 2.6.84. – 12.1.09. - VS. THE STATISM OF TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM FROM NUCLEAR POWERS AS A DUTY, VOTING, TERRITORIALISM, OBEDIENCE TO THE GREATEST TERRORISTS EVER, NWT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: He then makes a distinction between individual freedom and individual licence: "What, then, constitutes the boundaries of one's own dominions? ... The limitation is this: every individual is the rightful Sovereign over his own conduct in all things, whenever, and just so far as, the consequences of his conduct can be assumed by himself... 'THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IS TO BE EXERCISED AT HIS OWN COST...” – Jerome Tuccille: Radical Libertarianism, p.29, quoting S. P. Andrews, The Science of Society.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: He's free because he recognizes his most priceless asset, the same asset that YOU possess - sovereignty. - Every person is the sovereign ruler of his own life. But few people ever recognize that fact. Those who do will make it their business to find freedom. Those who don't will invariably resign themselves to whatever 'society' makes available to them.” – Harry Browne, How I Found Freedom, p.167

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Hence it has been said that free trade or the free market means THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE CONSUMER. And so effective, so necessary, so ineluctable is this sovereignty that, as we had just occasion to observe, not even the communist economy can suppress it completely. And as the consumer is the public in general, without distinction of rank or fortune, the free market is the most obvious expression of the sovereignty of the people and the best guarantee of democracy.” - F. Ballvé: Economics, p.16. – I believe that he, too, denied consumer sovereignty towards all forms of territorial States as "services". - JZ, 18.11.02. - Did he ever extend “consumer sovereignty” towards “public services” and State services? I have seen no sign of that. Here it is still needed most, for we are either forced to “consume” or suffer the State’s services or, if not, to pay tribute levies for them, nevertheless. So why would anyone deal in this respect only with ordinary consumer goods and services and keep quiet about all the rest, the supposedly public “services”, asserted to be quite rightful and necessary? Why continue to ignore the greatest and most dangerous as well as most wrongful monopolist of all, the territorial State? – JZ, 10.10.08, 13.9.13. – TERRITORIALISM, FREE MARKET, CONSUMER & PRODUCER SOVEREIGNTY IN EVERY SPHERE, COMPETING GOVERNANCE, VOLUNTARISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, PANARCHISM, PERSONAL LAW, COMPETITION – EVERYWHERE, FOR EVERYTHING, THAT CAN BE RIGHTFULLLY OFFERED & CONSUMED

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: I am an individual and there is no authority higher than I.” - An anarchist in Rostov, Oct. 1917, quoted by Avrich, The Russian Anarchists, p.154. - AUTHORITY, INDIVIDUALISM, ANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: I consider myself a sort of sovereign state. I don’t recognize other governments within my borders.” - F. Paul Wilson, The Tomb, 1984, 1985, New English Library, p.93. – “Autonomy had been his driving motive – to reduce to the barest minimum all external restraints upon his life. But honor … honor was an internal restraint. He hadn’t recognized the role it had played all along in guiding him.” – Ibid, p.101. - SELF-RESPONSIBILITY & HONOR

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: I have always given it as my decided opinion that .... everyone had a right to form and adopt whatever government they like best to live under themselves; ...” - George Washington, August 25, 1796, quoted by Roger McBride in A New Dawn, p.58. - All too soon and by all too many this becomes misinterpreted as a right only of the collective "everyone", i.e., "the people. - And then we tend to stick with such wrong ideas for decades to centuries, no matter how much they cost us, as unchecked premises, even if they cost us most of our earnings, our liberties, our health or our lives! - JZ, 18.11.02. . – George Washington really a panarchist? Did he ever act as one? – JZ, 10.10.08. – Nor did Lincoln uphold that right. Power tends to make people power-mad. – JZ, 5.1.09. - PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: If each individual in society respects his own person and minds his own business then individual sovereignty is established, there is no more room for government, every rule is destroyed and man is equal to man.” - A. Bellegarrigue, Manifesto. ANOTHER VERSION: If each member of society affirms himself and only himself, and individual sovereignty is established, there is no more room for government, all supremacy is destroyed; man is equal to man...” - A. Bellagarrigue, quoted in THE MATCH, 1/75 & 9/75. – Maybe this is just another translation of the same paragraph? - Equal in rights and liberties, not in abilities, interests, wealth etc. – JZ, 12.1.09. - GOVERNMENT, ANARCHY, NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, STATES, MAN

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: If every nation is entitled to choose the political system under which it wishes to live, this is true all the more of every individual person. A country whose citizens are deprived of this minimal right is not free even if there were not a single citizen who would want to exercise that right.” - Sakharov in an open letter to the Congress of the United States, Moscow, September 14th, 1973, quoted from NEWS DIGEST INTERNATIONAL, March 74. – Did he clearly draw the panarchist conclusion of exterritorial autonomy and personal laws for volunteers – anywhere in his writings or lectures? – JZ, 15.1.09. - PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Imposed friends are no friends. You have the right to pick and choose them yourself - provided they are agreeable. With major allegiances, expressed in territorial patriotism and international treaties it is the same. (The same applies to internal and external enemies - which will be reduced to a minimum once individual secessionism is widely practised.) - JZ, 2.6.84. - FRIENDS, ENEMIES, ASSOCIATES

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: In his private affairs, the now sovereign individual would have to abide by the dictum of the market place: produce or you will not eat, for no law will help you. In his public behavior he must be decent or suffer the sentence of social ostracism, with no recourse to legal exoneration. From a law-abiding citizen he would be transmuted into a self-respecting man.” - Frank Chodorov: Out of Step, p.45. – Where did private affairs end for F. C. and public affairs begin? Why make such a distinction at all? – JZ, 10.10.08.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: In the same way each declared for himself, that his own will, pleasure, and discretion were the only authorities he had any occasion to consult, in determining whether he would any longer support the government under which he had always lived. And if this action of each individual were valid and rightful when he had so many other individuals to keep him company, it would have been, in the view of natural justice and right, equally valid and rightful, if he had taken the sane step alone. He had the same natural right to take up arms alone to defend his own property against a single tax-gatherer, that he had to take up arms in company with three millions of others, to defend the property of all against an army of tax-gatherers.” - L, Spooner, No Treason, I, Works I, page 13. – PANARCHISM, SELF-DEFENCE, PROPERTY, TAXATION, RESISTANCE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Individual sovereignty, as opposed to national sovereignty, or centralized, coercive and territorial sovereignty, does not require the obedience of others but, instead, the same freedom of action for them, as for oneself, and obedience only to a self-given law, one which presupposes the individual sovereignty of others. - JZ, 25.12.84.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Individuality is the keynote of Warren's philosophy: Everyone should be a law unto himself, but always exercising his liberty with due regard to the equal rights of others...” - William Bailie, Josiah Warren, p.99.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Interference with individual sovereignty and minority autonomy is treason against man and mankind. - JZ, 1984, 1986, 25.10.02. - PANARCHISM, MINORITY AUTONOMY, TERRITORIALISM, POLITICS AS USUAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, TREASON

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Is man a sovereign individual who owns his person, his mind, his life, his work and its products - or is he the property of the tribe (the state, the society, the collective)? - Ayn Rand, Capitalism the Unknown Ideal, Signet edition, 18. - Nevertheless, she argued vehemently against "competing governments" (*), completely misunderstanding what was meant by that term, and stood up only for monopolistic and authoritarian because territorial governments, which she dared, like so many others, to call "limited" governments. - Roy Childs and myself have written on her false premises and conclusions in this respect. Childs supposedly renounced this criticism of A. R. I have not seen such a withdrawal by him in writing. Have you? – (*) In: “The Virtue of Selfishness.” - JZ, 18.11.02.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: It amounts to subversion of one's own life if one lets others decide how one is to live. - JZ - INDIVIDUALISM, LIFE, MAN, RIGHTS, DECISION-MAKING, SUBVERSION

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: It is certainly true that we can hardly blame a man for acting in a way which he believes to be right. We cannot condemn him for not acting in accordance with a rule that he does not recognise, for not following a law of right conduct which he does not accept.” - David Nicholls, The Pluralist State, p.41. - PANARCHISM, DUTY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Just contemplate how much exterritorial self-determination and voluntary and cooperative actions and contracts do already determine our private lives and actions and associations and then consider how much they could, likewise, come to do for us in our public lives. - JZ, 17.7.01, 31.10.02. - PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORAIL AUTONOMY, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Let each man have the wit to go his own way.” - Sextus Aurelius Propertius, Elegies, II, xxv, 38. – And if he hasn’t – let him choose his own leader for himself! – JZ, 12.1.09. - INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, VOLUNTARISM, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Let terrorists rule themselves - but no one else. If anything, that could pacify them. Naturally, we would also have to destroy their - and our belief in "collective responsibility". - JZ, 15.11.02. - TERRORISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Like William Godwin, Warren held that the only possible road to human freedom lies down the path of individual sovereignty. As he viewed the problem, "the great mistake of all society is the compromise or surrender of the sovereignty of the individual.' Unless sovereignty can be reconstituted without this surrender of individual sovereignty, freedom must forever remain unknown to mankind.” - William O. Reichert, Partisans of Freedom, 68/9

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Men like Andrews steadfastly held to the individual's right to freedom from coercion, and their communitarian experiments were strictly voluntaristic. One might refer to a man like Andrews as a left-wing anarchist but would have to call him a right-wing socialist, using 'right-wing' to mean respect for the rights of the individual. Warren had called his philosophy 'Individual Sovereignty’, and Andrews made this phrase his motto.” - William Chadwick, THE FREEMAN, March 1976.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Most significantly, Virginia, New York and Rhode Island declared that 'the powers of government' may be 'resumed' or 'reassumed' by the people when perverted or abused - in the text of their ratification of the constitution.' - Tansill, Documents, pp.1027,1034-5, & 1052. Quoted in THE LIBERTARIAN FORUM, June 76, p.5. - Not only "the people" enjoy this freedom but ever single adult and rational member. - JZ, 14.11.02.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: My life, liberty and property are mine. I have never ceded to any 'sovereign' power whatever a right to dispose of either without my consent." - Paraphrasing the First Continental Congress of 1774, as reported in THE FREEMAN, April 72, p. 237. - LIBERTY, LIFE, SELF-OWNERSHIP, PROPERTY & CONSENT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: National life is a mythical concept. Only your own life - and that of other individuals - is real and worth living - if you claim it - and they do theirs - and use it fully. – JZ, n.d. - VS. NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, NATIONAL TERRITORIALISM & ITS ENFORCED & THUS MERELY PRETENDED UNITY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: No man has power over my rights and liberties, and I over no man’s. I may be but an individual, enjoy my self and my self-propriety and may right myself no more than my self, or presume any further; if I do, I am an encroacher and an invader upon another man’s right - to which I have no right. - Richard Overton - Liberty Quotations – Facebook, 31.8.13. – Who will compile an honors list of all who have spoken up for this individual right and liberty? Perhaps also one of those, who declared for individual secessionism or a combined list? The source of their statements could now be very shortly indicated with a URL and a date. – JZ, 13.9.13. - SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: No one may be compelled to belong to an association." - Article 20, par. 2 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10.12.1948. - VOLUNTARISM VS. COMPULSORY STATE MEMBERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Nobody owns you but yourself. Any other claim against you amounts to an imposed slavery - unless you consented, voluntarily, freely and individually. - JZ - SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Obedience towards tyranny is not obligatory, not even towards a majority-supported tyranny. - JZ – Rather resistance and “treason” against tyrannies are obligatory for moral beings. – JZ, 12.1.09. – I consider even the most direct democratic territorial systems and also the territorial “limited” governments to be tyrannical for all their remaining dissenters in the population so ruled. – JZ, 13.9.13. - DISOBEDIENCE, RESISTANCE, REVOLUTION, LIMITED GOVERNMENTS, TERRITORIALISM, TYRANNY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Once individual secession has replaced national sovereignty, the danger of nuclear war will have passed because this would imply the abolition of all life and death powers over non-aggressive others. - JZ, under: Individual Sovereignty in: An ABC Against Nuclear War, PEACE PLANS 16-17. (Now available on www.butterbach.net/epinfo/abc.htm)

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Over his own body and mind the individual is sovereign." - J. S. Mill. - Should be, is more correct. - JZ, 23.8.95. - Not yet, but under panarchism it would be! - JZ, 20.10.02.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Parrington calls Thoreau's position 'individual compact; which 'implied ... individual nullification’ or full anarchism.” - J. R. Stromberg in LIBERTARIAN FORUM, 6/76, on Parrington: Main Currents, II, p.402/3.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Patriotism to one's self precludes any other fore of rational patriotism.” - W. Robert Black, THE NEW BANNER, 18.12.72. - PATRIOTISM, SELF-INTEREST

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Primarily you own yourself. What you do with your life is your thing - as long as you respect the same self-ownership in others. - JZ - SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair." - George Washington. – As a territorialist his ideal is no longer the resort of the wise and the honest. – I even deny that it ever fully was. – The remaining royalists had the right to go on living as royalists – as long as they left the republicans alone. – JZ, 13.9.13. – AMERICAN REVOLUTION, GEORGE WASHINGTON

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: raise our own flag and defend our liberty." - Jackson Pemberton, THE FREEMAN, 5/1976, p.277. – Alas, he did not clearly enough express individual sovereignty and the sovereignty of communities of volunteers but implied an undefined collective, which, under the 1776 and present conditions almost everyone understands only as a territorial collective and whole population, an abstract notion of “the people” or “the nation”, which lead them inevitably to the denial of the rights and liberties of individuals and minorities. – The expression “raise you own flag and defend your own liberty” – would have come closer to the panarchist position. - JZ, 12.1.09. INDIVIDUAL SECESSION, OWN FLAG, LIBERTY, INDEPENDENCE, PANARCHISM   DONE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Real life means independence, freedom, self-responsibility, not submission to any organization, not even to the State.” – LIFE, INDEPENDENCE, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-DETERMINATION, GENUINE SELF-GOVERNANCE VS. THE COLLECTIVIST & TERRITORIALIST NOTION OF “SELF-GOVERNMENT”, SUPPOSEDLY OF A WHOLE POPULATION UNDER THE PRETENCE OF THEIR “REPRESENTATION”, AT BEST ONLY BY A TEMPORARY MAJORITY VOTE.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, // These three alone lead to sovereign power.” - Alfred Lord Tennyson - So far did, mostly, lead only some people into territorial power over other people. As long as the territorial power opportunity exists, and is hardly ever doubted or criticized, the worst kinds of people will tend to get to the top of this kind of this power pyramid - and stay there for all too long, no matter how much this suppresses the individual sovereignty of all those under them. - JZ, 18.11.02. - Only when one has also in mind all of one’s exterritorial, individual choices, personal law and voluntaristic alternatives, individual rights and liberties, will it lead to rightful forms of sovereign powers of volunteers only, none with a territorial monopoly. How many entrepreneurs and consumers have seriously considered all forms of sovereignty for themselves, in every sphere? Competitive governance or exterritorial autonomy for societies and communities of volunteers is usually the thing that is furthest of their minds. – JZ, 10.10.08, 13.9.13.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Society rests on a voluntary and not on a coercive compact, at least with regard to political, social and economic associations, systems and institutions. The social contract of mutual support in emergencies is morally obligatory but not coercive. – Defensive force is only justified against aggressors and criminals with victims. - JZ, 3.6.84, 12.1.09. - SOCIETY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Society, States, communities, institutions and laws by contract. - JZ, 14.11.02. - SELF-OWNERSHIP, FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, CONTRACTARIONISM, ASSOCIATIONISM, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PERSONAL LAW

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Sovereignty exists only in the individual. What the group has - the State, the Church - is not sovereignty, it is power. The members have lost their sovereignty and become parts instead of wholes. All are less. Power takes.” - David Reissig, 1988. - Volunteer communities, only exterritorially autonomous, subject to individual secessionism, are another matter. They do not destroy but uphold individual sovereignty and are based on it. - JZ, 24.11.96, 20.10.02. - PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Sovereignty of every individual over his or her own ...” – Josiah Warren, True Civilization, p.13. – Another version: “Sovereignty of the individual at his own cost.” - Josiah Warren

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: sovereignty of the individual is what really counts, not sovereignty of any State. A state is an environment or place, therefore cannot possess sovereignty. When sovereignty is granted to a State politically, in the name of the people, it is usually usurped by some individual.” (*) - G. C. Szmak in The Four Blind Spots. (*) Mostly an essentially insane power-addict and most people are insane enough to obey him, no matter how much it costs them! - JZ, 18.11.02, 13.9.13. – LEADERSHIP, RULERS, STATISM, GOVERNMENTS 

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Taxation is theft - and nobody owes allegiance to thieves. - JZ – Territorial rule without the consent of all adult and rational individuals does amount to usurpation and cannot claim allegiance from the dissenters. – JZ, 13.9.13. - TAXATION, ALLEGIANCE, TERRITORIALISM, STATES, CONSENT, VOLUNTARISM, MAJORITY DESPOTISM, REPRESENTATION, DEMOCRACY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: That each and every individual has the unquestionable and unabridgeable right of free and voluntary association with other equally sovereign individuals for economic, political, social and all other purposes...” - Emma Goldman in her "A New Declaration of Independence", MOTHER EARTH, vol. IV, 1909/10 – But she came out against property rights! Everything good comes rarely together. – If she had consistently applied what she stated above, then she would have favored voluntary associations of people opposed to their own property rights and also for those, which respected and upheld them. Instead, to my knowledge, she largely remained a territorialist – and, economically, a communist. – However, in the above statement she was clearly a panarchist, tolerant towards all other voluntary choices made by others, quite different from those, she would have made with like-minded volunteers. - JZ, 5.1.09. – PANARCHISM, TOLERANCE, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The actually harmful factors in state sovereignty are: a) territorial exclusiveness and b) centralized powers (arising from a) like the power to decide on war and peace), not: autonomy, which can very well exist on a completely voluntary and personal law basis. – JZ, 2.6.82.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The American citizen must be made aware that today a relatively small group of people is proclaiming its purposes to be the will of the People. That elitist approach to government must be repudiated. There is no such thing as the People; it is a collectivist myth. There are only individual citizens with individual wills and individual purposes. There is only one social system that reflects this sovereignty of the individual: the free-market, or capitalist, system, which means the sovereignty of the individual 'vote' in the marketplace and the sovereignty of the individual vote in the political realm.” – Julian L. Simon: A Time for Truth, p.221.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution did not establish the sovereignty of 'society', but the sovereignty of the individual. Neither did it require that the individual serve the State, the king, the nobility, the society, the rich, the poor, the public interest, the fatherland, or humanity. As long as the individual did not initiate force against others, he was to be free to live his own life without fear in accordance with his own convictions. It was individualism that was the basis of the most free and progressive nation on earth.” - The Incredible Bread Machine, Susan Love Brown et al, 1974-82, p.134.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The building block of a free society must be the individual, not as a personality, but as an entity respected for its own sake. The individual must have rights to move and shape, within limits, his world. As John Stuart Mill, the nineteenth-century political economist, noted: “The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way.” Freedom implies the power to imagine a “less unsatisfactory” world, to use a phrase of Ludwig von Mises, and to change the present state of things (*). Freedom implies purposeful action grounded in power, albeit limited power.” (**) - Richard B. McKenzie, Bound to Be Free, Hoover Institute Press, 1982, p.48. - (*) Only for oneself and among like-minded volunteers, under personal laws and full exterritorial autonomy. - (**) Alas, neither J. S. Mill nor L. v. Mises, nor Richard B. McKenzie went beyond such generalities and their notions of limited territorial governments to the possibilities of exterritorially autonomous communities of volunteers, peacefully coexisting and competing in the same territories or, somewhat associated, leagued or federated, world-wide. They did not stand up fully, consistently, for individual sovereignty, choice, rights and liberties, including full freedom of action and experimentation, starting with individual and group secessionism and practised by the various groups of secessionists under full exterritorial autonomy of personal law. If they have held that view then they failed to clearly enough express it, in spite of their numerous other and correct pro-freedom statements. – Their power over themselves should be unlimited. Their power over others, who are not criminals with victims or other aggressors, should be zero. - JZ, 6.10.07. - INDIVIDUALISM & A FREE SOCIETY, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM, PERSONAL LAW, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, VOLUNTARISM, POWER

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The coincidence or harmony of Nations will necessarily arise from that of INDIVIDUALS.” - Josiah Warren, True Civilization, point 427. - PEACE, HARMONY, NATIONALISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The freedom concept applies to any organization. None can rightly claim compulsory membership. – JZ, n.d. - INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, TERRITORIALISM, FREEDOM, VOLUNTARY STATE MEMBERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The individual is morally 'sovereign of the domain of his own life, liberty and property, and is sovereign of no other domain. To interfere forcibly with another's use, disposal or destruction of his own property is to initiate force against him and to violate his rights.” - Duncan Yuille, in leaflet Human Rights.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The libertarian insistence that each man is a sovereign land of liberty, with his primary allegiance to himself, is rejected by patriots who sing of freedom but also shout of banners and boundaries.” - Karl Hess: Death of Politics, p.2. - Late in life he made a rather panarchistic half-page statement, which was published in the Libertarian Party's newsletter. I micro-fiched it somewhere and probably reproduced it in my ON PANARCHY sub-series. - JZ, 18.11.02. – All the panarchist statements of each famous libertarian should also become listed together. But nobody should expect me to tackle this job, too. – JZ, 13.9.13. - FRONTIERS, BORDERS, NATIONALISM, TERRITORIALISM, COLLECTIVISM, PATRIOTISM, KARL HESS

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The moment you abate anything from the full rights of men to each govern himself, and suffer any artificial positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience.” - Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790. - So, even in this later book some of his original radicalism still shows through! - JZ, 25.10.02. – PANARCHISM, VOLUNTARISM, GENUINE SELF-GOVERNMENT & SELF-DETERMINATION IN EVERY SPHERE

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The only part of the conduct of anyone for which he is amenable to society is that which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns himself (*) his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.” - J. S. Mill, On Liberty, ch. I, 1859, quoted in: Bruce L. Richmond, The Pattern of Freedom, Ljus English Library, vol. 12, Stockholm, 1943, p.142. - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ed. David Spitz, chapter 1, p.11 (1975). - (*) and like-minded volunteers! – JZ, n.d. - INDEPENDENCE, INDIVIDUALISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The only possible apparent solution or settlement of this vital subject is in LIMITING THE SPHERE WITHIN WHICH EACH INDIVIDUAL CAN HARMLESSLY BE SOVEREIGN OR ABSOLUTELY FREE, ACCORDING TO HIS OWN INTERPRETATION OF THAT WORD, OR ANY OTHER WORD. - 557. This sphere includes at least his OWN PERSON, HIS OWN TIME, HIS OWN PROPERTY, AND HIS OWN RESPONSIBILITIES.” - Josiah Warren: True Civilization, p.181, point 556? 557?

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The only real 'sovereignty' or right of 'sovereignty' in this or any other country, is that right of sovereignty which each and every human being has over his or her own person and property, so long as he or she obeys the one law of justice towards the person and property of every other human being. This is the only NATURAL right of sovereignty that was ever known among men. All other so-called rights of sovereignty are simply the usurpations of impostors, conspirators, robbers, tyrants, and murderers.” – Lysander Spooner: A Letter to Grover Cleveland, p.86, Works I.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: the principles of individual sovereignty were incompatible with the idea of a State.” - Libertarian Handbook 1973, p.43. – It is only incompatible with the idea and practice of a territorial State. - Why not compile libertarian annuals electronically, inviting the widest possible participation from libertarians all over the world? – Offering them online, or as paid-for email attachments or CD’s would be possible, cheap and almost risk-free. – After 10 or 20 years they could be combined into a kind of libertarian encyclopedia. - JZ, 12.1.09. 

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The revolution was this idea: 'Each person is a sovereign individual with certain inalienable .:. rights...” - Vincent A. Drosdik III, quoted in THE FREEMAN, 7/73, on the revolution of 1776. - In spite of also publishing panarchistic ideas in general form, FEE and it’s "THE FREEMAN" mainly confined themselves to advocating "limited" territorial government, which, by its very nature, does NOT recognize individual sovereignty, although it sometimes concedes some rights, even economic rights, to individuals. - JZ, 18.11.02. – However, lately THE FREEMAN has also published some explicitly panarchistic articles. – JZ, 13.9.13. - Facebook entry 27 12 12: Talk and presentation on panarchy (err, well, my version of it): Max Borders: http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/radicals-for-rules-students-for-liberty-austin#axzz2GAdlTjEV - Max Borders - REVOLUTION

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The right of self-sovereignty in every individual is my constitution. ...” – Josiah Warren, True Civilization, p.54. - CONSTITUTIONALISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The SOVEREIGNTY OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL in his or her own sphere, places all mankind upon the only possible plane of political Equality. All being sovereigns, none can be less, none more. This is beautifully illustrated at every assembly of kinds and emperors. Each one is admitted by all the others to be SUPREME within his own sphere of jurisdiction.” - Josiah Warren, True Civilization, p. 147, point 428.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The State didn't father or mother you - even your parents do not own you. - JZ, n.d. & 15.11.02. - PARENTS & PATERNALISM, TERRITORIAL STATISM & GOVERNMENTS, SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The tyrant has 'nothing more than the power you confer upon him to destroy you.'" - Albert the Unknown in THE LIBERTARIAN CONNECTION, 28/12/75. - Albert there questions the statement but I would add: The proper secession of a single individual is still the beginning of the end of all tyrannies. - JZ, 76. - SANCTION OF THE VICTIMS, TYRANNY, LEADERSHIPS

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The Universe has as many different centers as there are living beings in it. Each of us is a center of the Universe, and that Universe is shattered when they hiss at you: “You are under arrest.” - Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1856, Collins/Fontana, 1974, page 3. – Or: You are under our territorial laws, constitutions, jurisdictions and other institutions. – JZ, 9.10.07.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: The vote in the political realm means, in practice, a renunciation of individual sovereignty. - JZ, n.d. - In other words, in disenfranchises rather than liberates the individual. It deprives him of the decisive votes on his own major affairs. - JZ, 18.11.02. – It is only “generous” enough to leave him to decide on some private and minor affairs. – Admittedly, all to many are still more or less satisfied with that and think that thereby they are already free – and also protected by the State, i.e. the territorial government. Territorialism is based on lots of popular errors, false assumptions, prejudices and self-delustions. – JZ, 13.9.13. – VOTING, ELECTIONS, DEMOCRACY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: There is nothing wrong with voluntary separation or separatism. Nor with voluntary integration. But everything is wrong with coercive separation and coercive integration. - JZ - SEPARATION, SEPARATISM, SEGREGATION, INTEGRATION, UNITY, COMPULSION OR VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: To Each, His Own ... My faith in the proposition that each man should do precisely as he pleases with all, which is exclusively his own, lies at the foundation of the sense of justice there is in me. I extend the principle to communities of men as well as to individuals. I so extend it because it is politically wise, as well as naturally just: politically wise in saving us from broils about matters which do not concern us.” - Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Peoria, Ill, 16.10.1854. - And then he wasted half a million lives to retain power in the face of wide-spread secessionism. He did not, when he ruled, permit even geographical secessions. Far less did he permit individual secessionism. Even his inflated paper money was forced upon people, not only his "federation" and its taxes and its war. - JZ, 18.11.02. . – Alas, he seems to have only territorial communities in mind. – JZ, 10.10.08.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Warren had called his philosophy 'Individual Sovereignty', and Andrews made this phrase his motto." - William Chadwick. THE FREEMAN, 3/76.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: We cannot all be masters.” - William Shakespeare, Othello, I, I, 43 - We can and should all be masters of ourselves - and of no one else! - JZ, 12.10.02. - While, obviously, we cannot be masters over all others or even many or any others, we should all be free to master ourselves and our own affairs in complete freedom, tolerance and justice, alone or in suitable associations with like-minded people. - JZ, 26.11.02, 13.9.13. - INDIVIDUALISM, MASTERS, SUBORDINATES, SLAVES, SELF-MANAGEMENT, COOPERATIVES, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, SELF-GOVERNANCE, SELF-DETERMINATION

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: We hold that each individual has the right to exercise sole dominion over his own life, and has the right to live his life in whatever manner he chooses, so long as he does not forcibly interfere with the equal rights of others to live their lives in whatever manner they choose.” - Statement of Principles, Platform of the Libertarian Party, 1972.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Who has first claim on your life, if not you yourself? – JZ, n.d. - SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: With his usual independence, Spooner does not use the term, 'individual sovereignty' - which his late friend Josiah Warren had introduced. Warren's term had been popularized among Americans by Stephen Pearl Andrews, and in England by John Stuart Mill (who did not fully understand Warren's ideas) (Stephen Pearl Andreas, Science of Society, Charles Shively, ed. - M.& S. Press, Weston, Mass, 1970.). This idea is at the core of all anti-statist thought - the idea that people are born free, each independent, each the sovereign master over his or her life and work.” - Shively's Introduction to A Letter to Grover Cleveland, p. 8, Spooner, Works I.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Would you describe yourself, ... as a sovereign individual of fully intact sapience? - L. Neil Smith, Converse and Conflict, p.78.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You can beat 'em if you don't join 'em." - Prof. Galambos. - Or if you leave then. – JZ, n.d. – VOLUNTARISM, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You are an individual. The majority does not own you. - JZ, n.d. - SELF-OWNERSHIP, MAJORITY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You are not a national resource but your own man - or woman. – JZ, n.d. – However, in practice, in territorial States, when there are all too many laws, politicians, bureaucrats and offices, they will meddle with your life, since they can hardly sit around all day only twiddling with their thumbs. – 46 million bureaucrats in China alone and its proportion of bureaucrats to population is still rather low! – Already out of self-justification attempts for their positions and salaries, if not out of power addiction, they will meddle, more and more, as long as we let them. – And they will coercively charge us for their wrongful interferences and deny us the liberty to opt out from under their rule. - JZ, 12.1.09. - SELF-OWNERSHIP, NATIONAL RESOURCE, BUREAUCRACY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You are the ruler of your world and no one ... can stop you from living as you want ... unless you disregard your own sovereignty.” - Harry Browne, How I Found Freedom, p.167.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You have the right to act, alone or in association with like-minded people, not only to react upon the impulses given to you by others. - JZ, 2.6.84. – FREEDOM OF ACTION & EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, FREE ASSOCIATIONISM, FREEDOM OF CONTRACT VERSUS TERRITORIALISM & IMPOSED CONSTITUTIONS, LAWS & JURISDICTIONS & OTHER IMPOSED RULES & INSTITUTIONS

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You have the right to be charitable but you are not obliged to work for the benefit of others. You may opt out of coercive charity, like that practised by Welfare States. – JZ, n.d. - WELFARE STATE, SELF-OWNERSHIP & CHARITY

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You have the right to live according to your own beliefs - as long as you don't meddle with other people living according to theirs. – JZ, n.d. - MEDDLING, MAJORITIES, TERRITORIALISM, BELIEFS

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You have the right to vote - on all your life's issues – yourself, n.d. - JZ - SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-GOVERNMENT, VOTING, CHOICE, FREEDOM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You live in a world of your own, bounded by your own knowledge and experience. It's a wonderful world - full of the power to do things to bring freedom and happiness. Recognize your sovereign authority. You won't ever be the totalitarian ruler of someone else's life. But you do rule your own.” - Harry Browne: How I Found Freedom, p.141 or 161.

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You may share your life - but you are not obliged to share it with everyone laying claim to it, not even with the majority. Choose your own friends! – JZ, n.d. - SHARING

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You may trade freely anything with anyone. (*) You are under no moral or contractual obligation to trade certain services only with a particular government. - JZ, n.d. - (*) I don’t favour "Free Trade" e.g. in mass extermination devices but consider them to be mass murder preparations and conspiracies. - JZ, 15.11.02. - INDIVIDUAL SECESSION, FREE TRADE & BOYCOTT

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: You must be an individual country by yourself.” - Harry Schultz, 10/87. – Perhaps we should make a list of all those who, in recent years, have made such utterances , try to find out their email address and then email them, a few at a time, to avoid spam barriers, whether they would subscribe to an attached panarchistic manifesto. I attended a meeting once in Sydney, years ago, where Harry Schultz spoke. Upon my question he declared himself in favor of full monetary freedom. – A close net between panarchists and potential panarchists has still to be woven. Likewise, one between all monetary freedom advocates. So far the “tyranny of distance” still prevails, even among them. – Maybe someone will get around to utilize this slogans collection in this way and we end up with a panarchist directory and effective network, within which a considerable division of labor would become possible. – Those already in favor of financial freedom are usually pretty good prospects. – Not to speak of those also in favor of full monetary freedom. - JZ, 12.1.09. - INDIVIDUALISM, PANARCHISM, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY: Your decisions on your own affairs ought not to depend upon the opinions of others, no matter how large their number. - JZ - INTERNAL AFFAIRS, MAJORITIES, STATES, DECISION        

INDIVIDUALISM: A Bushman could only advise another, he had no rights over his fellows; amongst them there were no chiefs or captains, and all were equal (*), man and women, old and young.” – Wilbur Smith, The Burning Shore, p.244. – (*) in status, rights and liberties – JZ ) – INDIVIDUALISM AMONG PRIMITIVES, TRIBAL PEOPLE, HIERARCHIES, ANARCHISM, EQUALITY, GOVERNMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: A man is never more his single separate self than when he sets out on a journey.” - John Dos Passos – It might be a journey of his mind rather than of his body. – JZ, 23.1.08. – Or when he finds himself just one among very many people with whom he has very little in common, apart from the fact that the others are also human beings of one kind or the other. – JZ, 4.1.09.

INDIVIDUALISM: A poet of our times, Hermann Hesse, once wrote the following deep words: “The life of each human being is a path to himself, at least an attempt for find such a way, or a hint towards it. No human being ever was quite completely himself, although each strives to become it…”  - Even mankind is on the path to itself and each great man is an attempt on this path, an incorporation to the striving towards the self. Here lies the foundation for every philosophizing, this “discussion with oneself”, as Novalis defined it in his “Fragments of mixed content”. “A mobilization of the real I through the idealistic I. Philosophizing is the cause of all other revelations; the resolution to philosophize is an appeal to the real self to think, awake and become an enlightened mind (spirit?).” – Hartfrid Voss, Einleitung zu W. v. Humbold, Das Inwendige Leben, S. 12. - So far individuals and mankind have largely blocked the path “to themselves” by outlawing individual and group secessionism and full exterritorial autonomy for like-minded volunteers, so that they have experimental freedom for their own ideals. – JZ, 17.9.08. – PANARCHISM, SECESSIONISM, - SELF-DISCOVERY, SELF-DEVELOPMENT, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, SELF-EDUCATION, PHILOSOPHY, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY

INDIVIDUALISM: A society that does not recognize that each individual has values of his own, which he is entitled to follow, can have no respect for the dignity of the individual and cannot really know freedom.” - F. A. Hayek. – I wish he had drawn all the necessary conclusions from this remark. But he did not arrive at laissez faire for political and social systems as well and at laissez-faire even for statists – as long as they do their things only to themselves and do not claim a territorial monopoly for them. – JZ, 14.9.13. - SOCIETY, RIGHTS, VALUES, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, FREE CHOICES, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, SECESSIONISM, PERSONAL LAW, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, HAYEK

INDIVIDUALISM: A system that serves a few, all, many, or even most people, but which does so at the expense of sacrificing any other persons, destroys the one essential element for peaceful and civilized society: RESPECT FOR THE AUTONOMY AND INTEGRITY OF EACH HUMAN BEING.” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.310. – Did he anywhere clearly advocate: All systems are tolerable for others if they are confined to their volunteers and that they should be tolerable to their volunteers, as long as they remain their own free choices? – Instead, at least in some of his writings, he attacked all kinds or organizations indiscriminately, not distinguishing between voluntary and territorially enforced ones. I only admit that all organizations, just like all individuals, still do have some flaws, i.e., are not perfect, perhaps simply they are made by imperfect human beings. – However, I still like most of his writings that I have the chance to read, reproduced at least 6 in my PEACE PLANS series and regret that I have met him only all too shortly to settle such differences of opinion. – He is one of the important opinion-makers, whose remaining flaws should become systematically corrected by some special interest groups among the libertarians, especially by those of his fans, who remain self-thinking and critical towards his writings, in spite of their general admiration for him. That would be the best service to him, other major libertarian figures and to the public that any kind of fandom has to offer. – A Google search for Butler D. Shaffer, online writings, just brought me 16.2 million results. – All of such people are key figures that could greatly accelerate the process of libertarian enlightenment if they were helpfully criticized in this way. - JZ, 14.9.13. -  TERRITORIALISM, MAJORITARIANISM & SACRIFICES, VOLUNTARISM, ORGANIZATIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: Above all, individualism, if it can be purged of its defects and its abuses (*), is the best safeguard of personal liberty in the sense that, compared with any other system, it greatly widens the field for the exercise of personal choice.” - John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, 1936-1947 edition. - (*) There are no defects or abuses involved in individualism. Various forms of democracy, collectivism, socialism, communism and despotism, all posing as individualism or pretending to favour freedom, are not individualistic because they do not know, appreciate and respect all individual rights and do not realize the individualistic limits to their own licentious actions. - Keynes himself even advocated one of the greatest abuses of monetary despotism, namely, inflation, as a supposed cure for unemployment! - JZ, 6.4.89, 26.10.02.

INDIVIDUALISM: All of us are unique - but only few are fully aware of this and make the most of it. - JZ, 27.10.82. – Well, as far as they can, especially under present territorialist conditions. – For some instances of what more we could do, in sufficiently organized collaboration, see my 2010 NEW DRAFT book, not yet online but offered by me as an email attachment, free of charge and digitized and zipped: 306 KBs. – I would welcome it if it appeared on any website. It is not  copyrighted by me. - JZ., 14.9.13. – UNIQUENESS, INEQUALITY, DIVERSITY

INDIVIDUALISM: All that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportuntiy for development accorded to the individual.” - Albert Einstein, public statement in England, Sep. 15, 1933. - What opportunity do those armed with ABC mass murder devices provide for individuals in the targeted areas? - JZ, 24.10.02. – What opportunities for new political, economic and social experiments among volunteers do territorial States provide? – JZ, 12.1.09. – A special website should also be provided for all the criticism of Einstein’s theories and hypotheses. A book manuscript by my best friend, Ulrich von Beckerath, on this, was burned in a November 43 air raid on Berlin. Only hints towards its contents can be found in his remaining correspondence. – JZ, 14.9.13. - PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, NUCLEAR WAR THREAT, Q.

INDIVIDUALISM: At the heart of western freedom and democracy is the belief that the individual man … is the touchstone of value, and all society, groups, the state, exist for his benefit. Therefore the enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and abiding practice of any western society.” – Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968), U.S. Senator, Speech, University of Capetown, 6.6.66. - What did either of the Kennedy's really do for individualism, rather than acting against it? - Was he really something else than another self-serving politician and bureaucrat? -JZ, 26. 11. 06. - Such power-mongers rather believe that all others exist only for their benefit and they deceive them with such individualistic wordings but, in practice, leave them only with “the” vote, one among millions, when it comes to choosing political, economic and social systems, all of them all too wrongful, irrational and unsafe under territorial monopolies for governments. – JZ, 3.1.08, 14.9.13. – What characterized his rule most was the fact that under him the nuclear mass murder devices of the US government were doubled, ready for “action” against millions of innocent people, held collectively responsible for the crimes of their rulers. – To that extent at least he was not an innocent man that was assassinated. But his counterparts deserved this “fate” even more! - JZ, 4.9.08, 14.9.13. - LIBERTY, WESTERN SOCIETY, MAN, WESTERN CIVILIZATION, DEMOCRACY, LEADERSHIP, PRESIDENTS, NUCLEAR WAR THREAT, MASS MURDER PREPARATIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: Bastiat built upon his faith in the free-choosing individual as the cornerstone of a free society." – G. C. Roche III, Frederic Bastiat, A Man Alone, p. 214. - Have faith in freedom and rights. – JZ - FREEDOM, FAITH, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Be human, not a sacrificial lamb on the altar of the State. - JZ, n.d. - SACRIFICIAL LAMBS, SANCTION OF THE VICTIMS, VOTING CATTLE, STATISM, VOLUNTARISM, GENUINE SELF-GOVERNMENT, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, HUMAN RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALISM: Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind.” - Theodor Seuss Geisel, "Dr. Seuss" – BEING ONESELF

INDIVIDUALISM: Break your mental fetters, says Anarchism to man, for not until you think and judge for yourself will you get rid of the dominion of darkness, the greatest obstacle to all progress.” - Emma Goldman, Anarchism. – Alas, she remained all too much fettered to communist ideas in economics and was not tolerant enough to demand panarchism for all kinds of anarchists as well as for all kinds of archists, as long as none of them claimned and practised any kind of territorial domination that goes beyond households and private or cooperative properties. – JZ, 19.1.09. - ANARCHISM, KNOWLEDGE, ENLIGHTENMENT, PROGRESS, KNOWLEDGE, SELF-THINKING

INDIVIDUALISM: But each of us must make her own path.” - Frank Herbert, Dune, Complete & unabridged edition, p.28. – Should we not be free to choose some paths already hewn or otherwise formed by others? – JZ, 9.1.09. - His or her? his/her? hir? - JZ - OWN PATH, OWN PURPOSE, AIMS AND MEANS

INDIVIDUALISM: But if he refrains from molesting others in what concerns them, and merely acts according to his own inclination and judgment in things which concern himself, the same reasons which show that opinions should be free, prove also that he should be allowed, without molestation, to carry his opinions into practice at his own cost.” – J. S. Mill, On Liberty, p.49/50. - FREEDOM OF ACTION, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Chiefly the mold of a man's fortune is in his own hands." - Francis Bacon, Essays, Of Fortune. - Yes, when he is not e.g. steamrollered by a territorial State or ignored in the absence of a proper market for ideas and talents. - JZ, 23.11.02. – Is he already free to shop around for an alternative community that would suit him? – JZ, 12.1.09. – PANARCHISM, PEACE, FREEDOM, JUSTICE, FATE, FORTUNE, SELF-HELP, SUCCESS, Q.

INDIVIDUALISM: De gustibus non disputandum.” – “There is no accounting for tastes.” - Anonymous Latin Proverb. , TOLERANCE, DIVERSITY, CHOICE, FREEDOM, TASTES, PREFERENCES

INDIVIDUALISM: Each man the architect of his own fate.” - Appius Caecus. - Compare: “Each the smith of his own fate.” - Years ago I thought that someone should make a compilation of all the hyphenated terms beginning with "self" and divide them into three groups: 1: Those in which the combined word has still mainly positive connotations, 2: Those in which the term has gained a negative flavour and 3: Those in which the term remains rather neutral. I believe that most of the terms would still fall into the first category, which would indicate that some good sense would still remain at least in our language use. - JZ, 26.10.02. - MAN, SELF-RULE, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-MANAGEMENT, SELF-RELIANCE, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALISM: Every person is important enough to rule his own life. - D.Z., 12.8.74. (At 10.) - SELF-RULE, LIFE, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALISM: Every piece is a key piece.” - Mark Clifton and Frank Riley, They'd Rather Be Right, ASTOUNDING SF, Nov. 1954, p. 124. – There is too much of an egalitarian assumption in this statement. All people are different. And, because of this and of their basic right to live, their lives are and self-responsible actions are to be respected. On the other hand, not all people are equally key figures in a social life based upon free communication and free exchange. In such a life some people will, inevitably, have more influence than others. – JZ, 4.1.09. - It takes many stars, planets, beings etc. to make up a universe. Every atom, even every sub-atomic particle or energy bit plays its role. If we could fully understand the smallest parts we might come to understand the largest as well. As it is, we do not even know enough about our own bodies to keep ourselves always healthy or to restore our health or to restore our youthfulness, or to prolong our lives but are, rather, running down in body and mind. – JZ, 12.1.09. - INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES, FACTS, MAN, NO MORE INVOLUNTARY SACRIFICES OF ANYONE, TOLERANCE, ALL TRUTHS ARE INTERCONNECTED. IT TAKES ALL KINDS TO MAKE A WORLD

INDIVIDUALISM: Every politician, clergyman, educator, or physician, in short, anyone dealing with human individuals, is bound to make grave mistakes if he ignores these two great truths of population zoology: (1) no two individuals are alike, and (2) both environment and genetic endowment make a contribution to nearly every trait.” - Ernst Mayr. – Mayer? - INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENT, INHERITANCE

INDIVIDUALISM: Everybody is unique. There is no other person like him. - D.Z., 10/74. (At 11.) , UNIQUENESS

INDIVIDUALISM: Everything that is really great and inspiring is created by the individual who can labor in freedom.”- Albert Einstein, My Later Years. - ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. – Teamwork can be productive or creative as well. – But genuine teamwork is produced by individualists and respects individualism and individual rights and liberties. - JZ, 4.1.09. – CREATIVITY, FREEDOM & GREATNESS

INDIVIDUALISM: Follow your own book, path, ideal or dream. - JZ, 10.3.99. - And let all others follow theirs. - JZ, 21.10.02. - FREEDOM, BOOKS, IDEALS, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, FREEDOM OF ACTION, TOLERANCE, INDIVIDUAL SECESSION, PANARCHISM, FREEDOM OF CHOICE & EXPERIMENTATION

INDIVIDUALISM: For, it must be kept in mind that individualism is the modern radicalism. In the true sense of the word, individualism is always radical, for it rests its case on root ideas; it delves into the nature of things for basic causes; it rejects the idea that man is best served by a series of expedients.” - Frank Chodorov, One Is A Crowd, p.6.

INDIVIDUALISM: From each according to his inclinations.” - Joe Haldeman, Worlds Enough and Time, heading, p. 87. – Communist and similar practices are right only for their particular volunteers. They do not do each other wrong by practising their beliefs only among themselves and at their expense and risk. But all their attempts to impose their dogmas upon dissenters are outright criminal. – JZ, 4.1.09. - INDIVIDUALISM & VOLUNTARISM VS. COMMUNISM & COLLECTIVISM & THEIR COERCION & DISREGARD FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES, PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, TOTALITARIANISM,  INTOLERANCE

INDIVIDUALISM: Get the individual to monitor his own work." - W. Edwards Denning. - SUPERVISION, CONTROL, MONITORING, WORK

INDIVIDUALISM: How can ... a program be for the "public good" when such a program adversely affects me, a part of the "public"? I guess some people are just more "public" than others!”How can something be "for the benefit of society" when I don't benefit? (I am part of society.) How can it be "a benefit for society" when such a "benefit" is beneficial to some people and makes slaves out of others!” – Jack Anderson & Perry Miles, A Constitution for a Moral Government, p.45. VS. SOCIETY, PUBLIC GOOD, COMMON GOOD, WELFARE, Q.

 INDIVIDUALISM: How could one serve humanity and ignore individuals?” - Christopher Wood, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me, the book of the film, page 153. – HUMANITY, MANKIND, Q.

INDIVIDUALISM: I am like no one in the whole world. I may be no better, but at least I am different.” - Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Confessions.

INDIVIDUALISM: I am of a sect by myself, as far as I know.” - Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Ezra Stiles, 1819. - RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, SECTS

INDIVIDUALISM: I am only one, // But still I am one. // I cannot do everything, // But still I can do something; // And because I cannot do everything // I will not refuse to do the something that I can do.” - Edward Everett Hale, "Lend a Hand." - Masterpieces of Religious Verse, ed. James Dalton Morrison, p.416, 1948.

INDIVIDUALISM: I believe each individual is naturally entitled to do as he pleases with himself and the fruits of his labor, so far as it in no way interferes with any other men's rights.” - Abraham Lincoln. – So why did he try to rule over millions? For what did he sacrifice over half a million  Americans? – JZ, 12.1.09? - RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALISM: I believe the State exists for the development of individual lives, not individuals for the development of the state.” – Julian Huxley (1878-1975) – Individuals do not need the State any more than any God for the development of their lives but only their self-chosen societies and associations. – JZ, 4.1.09. - VS. THE TERRITORIAL STATE, MAN, HUMAN NATURE, SELF-DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: I do not choose to be a common man. It is my right to be uncommon - if I can. I seek opportunity - not security. I do not wish to be a kept citizen, humbled and dulled by having the state look after me. I want to take the calculated risk; to dream and to build, to fail and to succeed. I refuse to barter incentive for a dole. I prefer the challenges of life to the guaranteed existence; the thrill of fulfillment to the stale calm of utopia. I will not trade freedom for beneficence nor my dignity for a handout. I will never cower before any master nor bend to any threat. It is my heritage to stand erect, proud and unafraid; to think and act for myself, enjoy the benefit of my creations, and to face the world boldly and say, this I have done. All this is what it means to be an American.” - Dean Alfange, creed. - Who's Who in America, 1984-85, vol. 1, p. 42. These words have appeared at the end of his entry in several successive editions. Originally published in THIS WEEK MAGAZINE. Later reprinted in THE READER'S DIGEST, October 1952, p. 10, and January 1954, p.122, lacking these words: "I will never cower before any master nor bend to any threat" and "to stand erect, proud and unafraid." - MAN, COMMON MAN, UNCOMMON MAN, AMERICANISM, AMERICAN DREAM, INDEPENDENCE, SECURITY

INDIVIDUALISM: I strive not for communality but for Uniqueness. In an association you can make yourself count, in society you are being used. You or the Society, self-owner or subject, egoist or social property!” - Stirner, in: John Henry Mackay, Max Stirner, p.146. – At least here he did not realize that a society, community or a State can be as limited to its volunteers as any other ordinary association, which does not have a territorial monopoly and should not have it, either. – He failed to explore and describe the personal law options for volunteers, whether they are egoists or altruists, anarchists or statists etc. – My father was a Stirner and Mackay fan – but at least he arrived clearly at the panarchist position, perhaps also only with the help of Ulrich von Beckerath (1882-1969), whom he (1905-1991) also met, like my self, when he was about 19. –  I visited U. v. Bth. upon recommendation by my father, who may have regretted this recommendation because U. v. Bth. became more of a mentor for myself than my father has been. – I often wondered what influence U. v. Bth. would have attained if the Internet had been at his disposal for a few years or even decades. In an incomplete attempt to count his reform proposals, I arrived at about 200. – Some of Bth.’s writings are at www.reinventingmoney.com/ - JZ (b.1933), 14.9.13. - EGOISM, SOCIETY, COMMUNALITY, VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS, SOCIETY, SELF-OWNERSHIP VS. PEOPLE AS SOCIAL PROPERTY

INDIVIDUALISM: I was not born to be forced. I will breathe after my own fashion … If a plant cannot live according to its nature, it dies; and so a man.” - H. D. Thoreau, An Essay on Civil Disobedience, 1849. - We are surrounded by the living dead. - JZ, 10.7.86. - By their errors, myths, prejudices and misguided actions and institutions. Also by the wisdom and achievements of long dead innovators. Let us pick and choose our own constitions, laws, ideas, principles and institutions for ourselves - and for no one else who does not volunteer to join us or to stay with us. - JZ, 24.10.02. – Slavery is not necessarily deadly for the person or even for the personality, although by it much of the individual development potential remains undeveloped. – JZ, 12.1.09. - DEATH, COERCION, VIOLENCE, FORCE, VOLUNTARISM, PANARCHISM, FREEDOM

INDIVIDUALISM: I'm not alone. I've got me.” - From film: Candleshoe. - ALONE, LONELINESS, SELF-APPRECIATION, SELF-RESPECT, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-DETERMINATION

INDIVIDUALISM: If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.” - Henry David Thoreau, Walden, chapter 18, p. 430 (1966). Originally published in 1854. - NON-CONFORMISM

INDIVIDUALISM: If every individual is in contact with a unique, obstinately real, fragment of the universe, it follows that each must be consulted before that reality is manipulated.” - Jon Stopa, A Pair of Glasses, ASTOUNDING SF, 4/58, p.41. - Regarding his own life, activities and property, his rights and liberties, an individual should not only be consulted but left alone, unless he wants to collaborate with like-minded others. - JZ, 24.10.02, 14.9.13. - PRIVACY, PROPERTY, INTERVENTION

INDIVIDUALISM: If freedom means anything, it's the freedom to be a damn fool. To do something irrational or even dangerous. To be stubborn and cussed and downright mule-headed. …” - Michael F. Flynn, A Rose by Other Name, ANALOG, 5/90, 131. - ... it’s also the freedom ... – JZ, n.d. - MISTAKES, ERRORS, RIGHT, FREEDOM

INDIVIDUALISM: If it were felt that the free development of individuality is one of the leading essentials of well-being; that it is not only a coordinate element with all that is designated by the terms civilization, instruction, education, culture, but is itself a necessary part and condition of all those things; there would be no danger that liberty should be undervalued.” - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ed. David Spitz, chapter 3, p.54 (1975). - Originally published in 1859.

INDIVIDUALISM: If you conquer the State, then you have it, and it has you and you have been.” - Doeblin. - THE STATE – One could also conclude this with: “… you have been had.” – as far as the territorial State is concerned. – JZ, 12.1.09.

INDIVIDUALISM: If you don't run your own life, someone else will.” - From a Goss advertisement for its make-up kits, GOOD WEEKEND, Oct. 12, 02. www.getthegoss.com.au - VS. POLITICIANS, GOVERNMENT, STATE, BUREAUCRACY, INDEPENDENCE, SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF-DETERMINATION

INDIVIDUALISM: If you think you are too small to make a difference, try sleeping with a mosquito.” - the Dalai Lama. - No date given, so which one of them said this? - JZ - INFLUENCE, POWER, JOKES, STRENGTH

INDIVIDUALISM: In a government bottomed on the will of all, the ... liberty of every individual citizen becomes interesting to all.” - Thomas Jefferson. – It could represent the will of all in a population if all had only the same will. As it is, any territorial government inevitably acts against the will of all too many just and peaceful people, who want to do their own things. – The liberty of all should be of interest to all people but is, usually, of least interest to most territorial politicians. – JZ, 1.1.09. - GENERAL WILL, GOVERNMENT, LIBERTY, CONSENT, PEOPLE, CONSENT, COMMON INTEREST, PUBLIC INTEREST, DIS.

INDIVIDUALISM: in being individually UNIQUE, we are all the SAME.” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.222.

INDIVIDUALISM: In politics - we were sure of that - individualism is a negative point of view: cut government to the bone. But, what is the allowable minimum?” - Frank Chodorov, One Is A Crowd, 2. - To the bone? No! To the individual! - JZ, 8.7.94. - Rather cut it down to the individual, his individual sovereignty and his voluntary associations, which, for independence from territorial States, require full exterritorial autonomy. - Did Chodorov in his writings go as far, anywhere, or was he always still stuck to the concept of limited but still territorial and thus unlimited governments? - JZ, 26.10.02.

INDIVIDUALISM: In the world to come I shall not be asked: "Why were you not Moses?" I shall be asked: "Why were you not Zusya?" - Rabbi Zusya. - SELF-DEVELOPMENT, MATURITY, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, SELF-LIBERATION, INDEPENDENCE

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualism has slain its thousands, but collectivism has murdered its millions.” - Ernest Benn, Honest Doubt, p.11. – Was it individualism that has slain other individuals or, rather, the lack of respect for the rights and liberties of other individuals? – JZ, 12.1.09. - VS. COLLECTIVISM, STATE SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualism holds that man is an independent entity with an inalienable right to the pursuit of his own happiness in a society where men deal with one another as equals in voluntary, unregulated exchange.” - Ayn Rand, The Only Path to Tomorrow, READER'S DIGEST, January 1944. - RIGHTS, VOLUNTARISM, EQUALITY, EXCHANGE, REGULATIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualism is the sin of political freedom.” – (Individualismus ist die Suende der politischen Freiheit. - Cooper. – (Glen G. Cooper, Contemporary Realism?) Rather the virtue. But is there something like political freedom? Or does territorial politics indicate merely various degrees of oppression, exploitation, fraud and misdirection from which only consistently practised individualism, including individual sovereignty and individual secessionism and voluntary and exterritorially fully autonomous associationism can save us? - JZ, 5.7.92, 25.10.02. - POLITICAL FREEDOM, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, VOLUNTARISM, PERSONAL LAW, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualism means one to one exchange relationships. Collectivism and communism means: all to all relationships, in theory, but in practice only top down relationships. Nobody owns anything, not even his own life and product and savings. All have the same claim to an individual and what he produced, just as he has to their lives and output. A proper recipe for general poverty for all - but the coercive takers and managers. – JZ, 2.4.05. - VS. COLLECTIVISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualism, what M. Follin describes as the great lesson of Individualism, under Natural Order, does not seek to wrench from the herd those who have the herd instinct. It only desires to free from the pressure and the imitative ways of the gregarious herd those, who have the mentality of men. Let each individual fulfil the duty of being himself. In this way each will find in his life a hundred opportunities of being superior to everyone.” - S. Hutchinson Harris, The Doctrine of Personal Right, p.373. - (Alas, so far I was able only to get a posthumous compilation of the sayings of Henri L. Follin, compiled by his son: Paroles d'un Voyant. Can anyone supply me with more of his writings? - In 1899 he contributed an article to the Journals des Economistes. In 1901 he founded L'Individualiste. – Possibly, with his heirs. a long correspondence with Ulrich von Beckerath does still exist. - JZ, 23.10.02. – PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualismus is a system in which human foolishness can do the least damage.” – (Individualism ist ein System, in welchem die menschliche Dummneit den geringsten Schaden anrichten kann.) - Clark. – Which “Clark” among a possible tens of thousands? It is also the system in which an individual can do the most good that he can do. – JZ, 12.1.09. – Moreover, it is also a system in which human energy, creativity, reason and industry can, thereby, reap the surest and greatest rewards, largely allocated by those, who benefited most from his activities. - How can people satisfy themselves with as incomplete definitions? - JZ, 5.7.92, 25.10.02, 12.1.09. - FOOLISHNESS, REASON, HONESTY, MORALITY, PROFIT, REWARDS

INDIVIDUALISM: Individualists of the world unite." - From some book that appeared in September 94. - Panarchism would "unite" individualists and collectivists in a tolerant framework for all their diverse and independent efforts. It could turn them from enemies into good neighbours, with each doing his things to and for himself, together with like-minded people. - In spite of all their internal differences, different ideas and beliefs and different actions, they would all subscribe to individual secessionism, voluntary membership, exterritorial autonomy and respect for the individual rights claimed by members in the other volunteer communities. - JZ, 21.10.02. - UNITY, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individuality is freedom lived.” - John Dos Passos. INDIVIDUALITY, INDIVIDUALS, FREEDOM, LIVING

INDIVIDUALISM: Individuality is the aim of political liberty.  By leaving the citizen as much freedom of action and of being as comports with order and the rights of others, the institutions render him truly a freeman.  He is left to pursue his means of happiness in his own manner.” - James Fenimore Cooper. - The territorialists have quite a number of unchecked premises on this subject. Their ideals can only be realized exterritorially and competitively by volunteer communities operating under personal laws. - JZ, 21.8.02. - Territorial politics cannot achieve that. Exterritorial politics could. - JZ, 27.11.02. - INDEPENDENCE, FREEMEN, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, PANARCHISM, LIBERTY, POLITICS, TERRITORIALISM VS. EXTERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Individuality is to be preserved and respected everywhere, as the root of everything good.” - Jean Paul Richter, Titan, CXII, 1803. - Only to the extent that it does not infringes the individuality of others, as the individuality of "great leaders" does, legally or illegally. - JZ, 24.10.02. – The criminal with victims and the madman and all power addicts are also individuals but, alas, not individualists. Just to be distinct individuals is not good enough. – JZ, 12.1.09, 14.9.13. - INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY

INDIVIDUALISM: Individuals alone are all ones, unique. But en mass all their differences cancel each other out. Their total becomes zero. - Individuals are all different. In a territorial political mass their differences cancel out and reduces them to zeros as decision-makers on their important affairs, those going beyond the private life details. Only in their voluntary associations under panarchism do they become free individuals and like-minded one, who tend to cooperate and whose ideas and actions do not amount to nothing in balance but are decisive for their own lives. To subject them to majority voting in their choice of political, economic and social systems is as wrong as subjecting their religion, atheism, philosophy, artistic activites, sports or amusements to majority voting. - JZ, 28.10.98, 20.10.02, 14.9.13. - TERRITORIALISM, MASS MEN, MUTLTITUDES, MOBS, PANARCHISM, VOLUNTARISM, VOTING, MAJORITY DESPOTISM, DEMOCRACY, REPRESENTATION, POLITICS, STATISM

INDIVIDUALISM: It is an amiable illusion, which the shape of our planet prompts, that every man is at the top of the world.” - Emerson, Uncollected Lectures: Table-Talk. - Seeing the world is round, i.e., like you, I am on top of the world. - JZ, 9.4.79. – However, did the believers in a flat earth really believe that everything would revolve around themselves? Did they not consider of themselves as the center of their personal universe? – Is conceit really automatically connected to the Copernican world view? - JZ, 12.1.09. - EGOTISM, ELITISM, ARISTOCRACY

INDIVIDUALISM: It is my right to be uncommon. For I do not choose to be a common man. If I can, I seek opportunity. I do not wish to be a kept citizen, humbled and dulled by having the government look after me. I choose to take the calculated risk, to dream, to build, to fail or succeed. I choose not to barter incentive for a dole. I prefer the challenges of life to a guaranteed existence, the thrill of fulfillment to the state calm of Utopia. I will not trade my freedom for beneficence nor my dignity for a handout.” - Author Unknown.

INDIVIDUALISM: It is not from any horror of law and order, of method and regulation in all things, that individualism is opposed to State interference; on the contrary, it is rather the reverse; it is because it attaches so high a value to these things, and because it fears to see the habits of self-rule crushed out by the enervating effects of grandmotherly government.” - Wordsworth Donisthorpe, Liberty or Law? - LAW & ORDER & REGULATIONS, STATE INTERFERENCE, LAISSEZ FAIRE

INDIVIDUALISM: It is not in Popular Front visions of a faceless, soulless, lockstep equality that any of us will discover what it means to be truly liberated. Those who "cannot acknowledge any human identity smaller than 'the proletariat', will be unable to comprehend that the essence of our humanity is to be found in our commonly-held needs for forms of social corporation that respect the essential dignity and autonomy of each of us.” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.220. - PROLETARIAT

INDIVIDUALISM: It is only by the free action of individual wills that the social good is attained; and inequality of property may be regarded as the necessary price for that free action.” - Ernest Barker, Political Thought In England 1848 to 1914, p.55. - INDIVIDUAL WILLS AND SOCIAL GOOD

INDIVIDUALISM: It is strangely absurd to suppose that a million of human beings, collected together, are not under the same moral laws which bind each of them separately.” - Thomas Jefferson. - VS. MAJORITARIANISM, MORALITY, ETHICS

INDIVIDUALISM: It would scarcely be too much to claim that the main merit of individualism that he [Adam Smith] and his contemporaries advocated is that it is a system under which bad men can do least harm.” – Friedrich Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order, University of Chicago Press, 1948, 11-12. - Adam Smith was just one of the few early advocates of economic liberty and it took generations to at least partly realize some of their limited freedom dreams, not shared by the majority of the people in his time or even now. He and his supporters mostly did not consistently apply freedom principles in the political and social sphere as well nor were they tolerant enough towards those, who would not subscribe to freedom principles for their own associations and affairs. – JZ, 6.10.07. - PANARCHISM OR POLYARCHISM VS. TERRITORIALISM OR POLITICS AS WAS USUAL SO FAR.

INDIVIDUALISM: Let a man in a garret but burn with enough intensity and he will set fire to the world.” - Saint-Exupéry, Wind, Sand, and Stars, 1939, 9.1, tr. Lewis Galantière. - The aim should not be to set fire to the world or to a nation but, rather, to set individuals free to ac talone or voluntarily and creatively together with likeminded people, to attempt to realize whatever ideals they have, always only among themselves and at their own expense and risk. That would greatly help to improve the whole world - by the deterrent effects of the failed experiments as well as by the attractiveness of the successful ones. One should neither carelessly shout: "Fire!" nor use fire negligently. After all, there were more harmful prophets than beneficient ones and even the best of them led, sometimes against their intentions, to all too many atrocities. - JZ, 23.10.02. – Our duty is not to set the world on fire, e.g. with an all-out nuclear war, but, rather, to do our bits to finally establish a peaceful, just, free and rapidly progressing mankind. – JZ, 12.1.09, 14.9.13. - ENTHUSIASM, INDIVIDUALS, CONVICTION

INDIVIDUALISM: Let him who would move the world, first move himself.” – Socrates. - The wrong assumption in all such remarks is that individuals are already free to do so? Well, can they secede from the State? Are they free to offer their own banknotes or clearing certificates to a free market and its potential voluntary acceptors for their notes? - JZ, 26. 11. 06. - INITIATIVE, SMALL BEGINNINGS, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, SELF-DEVELOPMENT, SELF-ENLIGHTENMENT, SELF-EDUCATION, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-GOVERNANCE, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, SELF-OWNERSHIP, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Life is a do-it yourself project.” - Denis Waitley. – Well, nature, your parents, your environment, do also play a role and territorial governments still play all too large and wrongful roles in our lives. – Rather, our own lives should, as far as is possible for us and desired by us, as adults, become our “do it yourself” projects. – An essential pre-condition for this would be the realization of all individual rights and liberties, especially freedom to experiment in any sphere, always only at the own risk and expense. - JZ, 12.1.09, 14.9.13. -NON-CONFORMISM, LIFE. SELF-HELP, SELF-MADE MEN, SELF-REALIZATION, LIFE, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, SELF-DETERMINATION, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Man being a creature of rationality, of making decisions as a single entity, not a member of an instinct-bound species, can only act as one even when he is in a group, he alone is responsible for his action.” - Arthur Ketchen, chairman of the New Hampshire LP, in Loomis, Mildred, ed.: Moving into the Frontlines of Social Change, p.70/71. - He is also a creature of all too much irrationality and indecisiveness, ignoring rather than solving problems - and one who coercively holds back the moral, rational and innovative decision-makers, who want to do their own things for themselves and among themselves. - Ketchen should have told this to a German conscript in the front trenches, of an invasive and mass murderous regime, whose enemies, according to the "principle" of collective responsibility, make no prisoners, or treat prisoners so badly, that most of them die, like the about 95,000 of ca. 100,000 German prisoners captured at Stalingrad, or, to the inmates of a Nazi slave labor or extermination camp. - Their delusive definitions prevent many people from seeing reality and responding realistically to it. - JZ, 31.1.01. - MAN, RATIONALITY, DECISION-MAKING, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, DEFINITIONS, REALITY, DELUSIONS, PREJUDICES, INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALISM: Man's top-knot makes him conscious of himself as a separate being, which does not often happen in animals and savages, so that any form of pronounced collectivism in politics is contrary to the specialization of man.” - T. H. White, The Book of Merlyn, p.116. - SPECIALIZATION, CONSCIOUSNESS, SELF-AWARENESS, MAN, COLLECTIVISM, MAN, HUMAN NATURE, BRAIN, MIND

INDIVIDUALISM: Millions of minds are in a state of slavery. How shall they escape? Rebel, think of yourself, let others grumble. Dare to be singular - let others sleep.” - (Amos) Bronson Alcott. - SELF-THINKING, SELF-ENLIGHTENMENT, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, COLLECTIVISM, MASSES, “THE PEOPLE”

INDIVIDUALISM: My faith is in the individual and in the capacity of free individuals for united endeavor.” - Emma Goldman. - VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUALISM: No bird flies too high, if he flies with his own wings.” - William Blake.

INDIVIDUALISM: No individual or group of individuals can decide what is the good life on others' behalf; we are all entitled to go to Hell in our own fashion.” - Geoffrey Sampson, An End to Allegiance, 227. - DECISIONS, FREE CHOICE, DECISION-MAKING, SELF-DETERMINATION, FREEDOM OF CHOICE

INDIVIDUALISM: No member of a crew is praised for the rugged individualism of his rowing.” – R. W. Emerson. - COOPERATION OR TEAM WORK

INDIVIDUALISM: nothing ultimately matters save maintenance of the conditions, which make for the emancipation of personality. Our business, if we desire to live a life not utterly devoid of meaning and significance, is to accept nothing, which contradicts our basic experience merely because it comes to us from tradition or convention or authority ... That is why the condition of freedom in any state is always a widespread and consistent skepticism of the canons upon which power insists.” - Harold Laski, quoted in: Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.225.

INDIVIDUALISM: Of all social theories, Anarchism alone steadfastly proclaims that society exists for man, not man for society. The sole legitimate purpose of society is to serve the needs and advance the aspirations of the individual.” - Emma Goldman, The Place of the Individual in Society. - She should have added: As long as this is done on a voluntary and contractual basis, i.e., through agreements or free exchange. - JZ, 23.10.02. - ANARCHISM, SOCIETY & THE INDIVIDUAL

INDIVIDUALISM: Of government, at least in democratic states, it may be said briefly that it is an agency engaged wholesale, and as a matter of solemn duty, in the performance of acts which all self-respecting individuals refrain from as a matter of common decency.” - H. L. Mencken. - SELF-RESPECT, GOVERNMENT, DECENCY, STATE, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: One man means as much to me as a multitude, and a multitude only as much as one man.” - Democritus, Fragments, No. 302.

INDIVIDUALISM: Only when the human spirit is allowed to invent and create, only when individuals are given a personal stake in deciding economic policies and benefiting from their success ... can societies remain economically alive, dynamic, progressive, and free.” - Ronald Reagan. - Within territorial States this is possible only to a very limited extent. The most important enterprises remain monopolised and consequently mismanaged in them. - JZ, 1.7.00. - INCENTIVES, PROFITS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, ECONOMIC FREEDOM, SELF-DETERMINATION

INDIVIDUALISM: promise some kind of salvation to anyone … who would surrender his … identity to a Higher Power, which remained unspecified.” - Thomas M. Disch, The Prisoner, p.67. - If the "divine" creation were really divine, i.e., perfect, one would, as a part of it, hardly need salvation at all. Moreover, how flawed and lacking in self-confidence must a superior being be if it wants adulation from inferior ones! - JZ, 28.11.02. - GOD, CHRISTIANITY, WORSHIP, RELIGION, CREATIONISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Rejoicing not in the many but in the probity of the few, we toil for truth alone.” - William of Conches. - TRUTH, MASSES

INDIVIDUALISM: Remember always that you have not only the right to be an individual, you have an obligation to be one.” - Ascribed to one of the Roosevelts. Quoted in an ANALOG issue (8/94?). - How many wise sayings ascribed to presidents etc. were actually written by one of their ghostwriters? - JZ, 20.10.02.

INDIVIDUALISM: remember that only the individual is the carrier of life on earth.” - Butler Shaffer, The Wizards of Ozymandias, chapter 62. – States and nations don’t have children. They are not alive but merely all too fixed ideas and systems, organizations and methods based upon these fixations. They are all too often deadly ones in their effects upon human beings. – Sometimes they are as bad or perhaps even  worse than the deadly ancient Moloch Cult notions and practices of human sacrifices. - JZ, 4.9.08. – Perhaps by the murders of abortions, of the own children by their parents and with the help of medical professionals, modern civilization far exceeds in human sacrifices these ancient atrocities. – JZ, 14.9.13. - LIFE ON EARTH, HUMAN SACRIFICES, MASS MURDERS, ABORTIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: Rugged’ individualism is the signature of our civilization.” - Ludwig von Mises, Human Action. - Most "rugged" individualists, alas, are still territorial collectivists regarding some of the most important matters. - JZ, 6.5.89. - To the extent that "rugged" individualism has been introduced in economics, it has made most people comfortably well off, with obesity rather than hunger being their problem! - More individualism would mean even less "ruggedness" in our lives, e.g., via extensive credit and insurance arrangements and higher personal savings. - JZ, 26.10.02, 14.9.13.

INDIVIDUALISM: That something happened to you is of no importance to anyone, not even to you. The important thing about you is what you "choose" to make happen - your values and choices. That which happened by accident - what family you were born into, in what country, and where you went to school - is totally unimportant.” - Ayn Rand. – Totally or relatively unimportant? – JZ, 14.9.13. - ACHIEVEMENTS, ACTIONS, FATE, INBORN ABILITIES OR DISABILITIES, LUCK, ACCIDENTS, PERSONALITIES VS. PERSONS, CHARACTER, VALUES, CHOICES

INDIVIDUALISM: The ancient American tradition, in so far as it was vital and productive and civilized, was obviously a tradition of individualism and revolt, not of herd-morality and conformity.” - H. L. Mencken, Prejudices, 4th series, p.18/19.  - AMERICANISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The assumption that hatred and warfare is the natural relation between individual men is manifestly untrue.” - Thomas Mackay, Empiricism in Politics. - ANTAGONISM, ANIMOSITY, WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL

INDIVIDUALISM: the battle is now between individualism and authoritarianism (or dynamism vs. stasis as described by Virginia Postrel in her fine book "The Future & its Enemies"). - James R. Elwood, FREEDOM NETWORK NEWS, No.558, Winter 2000, p.13. - AUTHORITARIANISM, DYNAMISM & STASIS

INDIVIDUALISM: The desire to be different from the people we live with is sometimes the result of our rejection - real or imagined - by them.” - Eric Hoffer – We should be free to pick better models for us than our chance encounters with persons who do not live up to our ideals or territorial systems, into which we were born and from which we are not yet free to secede. – JZ, n.d. & 14.9.13. - SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY OR SELF-OWNERSHIP, FREE CHOICES, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION, CONTRACT & EXPERIMENTATION IN EVERY SPHERE

INDIVIDUALISM: The essential principle of Anarchy is individual autonomy.” - Emma Goldman, speech to International Anarchist Congress, 1907. – That autonomy is impossible without exterritorial autonomy or individual sovereignty, practised e.g. by individual secessionism and voluntry associationism only. – JZ, 12.1.09. - ANARCHISM, AUTONOMY, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY

INDIVIDUALISM: the fashion is to play down to the mass instead of up to the individual, to put the world right and everybody in the world wrong.” – Deryck Abel: Ernest Benn, Counsel for Liberty, p.154. From his speech, 27.1.31. - VS. MASS, MAJORITY, MOBS

INDIVIDUALISM: The glory of the human race is the uniqueness of each individual, the fact that every person, though similar in many ways to others, possesses a completely individualated personality of his own. It is the fact of each person's uniqueness ... that makes us care whether he lives or dies, whether he is happy or oppressed. ... It is the fact that these unique personalities need freedom for their full development that constitutes one of the major arguments for a free society.” - Murray N. Rothbard, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. – Individualized? Individualistic? – JZ - MAN, HUMAN RACE, UNIQUENESS OF INDIVIDUALS

INDIVIDUALISM: The humanity of men and women is inversely proportional to their numbers.” - Aldous Huxley. - VS. MASSES OR MOBS OR MAJORITY, HUMANITY

INDIVIDUALISM: The illusion that we are separate from one another is an optical delusion of our consciousness.” - Albert Einstein. - At least as a thinker on social problems he was no better than the man in the street. He just repeated and reformulated popular prejudices. - Such misjudgements and false observations make me suspect all his other ideas as well. - JZ, 2.12.02. - VS. COLLECTIVISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The individual is the true reality of life. A cosmos in himself, he does not exist for the State, nor for that abstraction called "society" or the "nation," which is only a collection of individuals.” – Emma Goldman (1869-1940), The Place of the Individual in Society. - VS. COLLECTIVIST SUPPOSED ENTITIES

INDIVIDUALISM: The individual, stated Socrates, must refuse to be coerced by any illegitimate authority or to do or to think anything his mind condemns as wrong. ‘The unexamined life is not worth living.’ “ - L. S. Stavrianos, The Promise of the Coming Dark Age, 1976, p.21. – All territorial authorities are illegitimate, contrary to individual rights and liberties, natural rights and natural law. – JZ, 16.9.07. - AUTHORITY OR AUTHORITIES ONLY THAT ARE FREELY CHOSEN BY INDIVIDUALS, I.E., PANARCHIES OR POLYARCHIES, CONSCIENCE, ETHICS, MORALITY

INDIVIDUALISM: the key value of Western civilization is the primacy of the individual; all the rest is but a manifestation of it.” - Frank Chodorov, One Is A Crowd, p.173.

INDIVIDUALISM: The Laissez-faire or free market doctrine does not assume that everyone always knows his own interest best; it asserts rather that everyone should have the right to be free to pursue his own interest as he deems best.” – Murray N. Rothbard, Power & Market, p.153. - SELF-INTEREST, RATIONALITY, LAISSEZ-FAIRE, FREE MARKET

INDIVIDUALISM: The least develop'd person on earth is just as important and sacred to himself or herself as the most develp'd person is to himself or herself.” - Walt Whitman. - SUPERIORITY COMPLEX, INFERIORITY COMPLEX

INDIVIDUALISM: The man who goes alone can start today; but he who travels with another must wait till that other is ready, and it may be a long time before they get off.” - Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854. - GOING IT ALONE, ALONE, INDEPENDENT ACTIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: The maxims are, first, that the individual is not accountable to society for his actions, in so far as these concern the interests of no person but himself. Advice, instruction, persuasion, and avoidance by other people if thought necessary by them for their own good, are the only measures by which society can justifiably express its dislike or disapprobation of his conduct. Secondly, that for such actions as are prejudicial to the interests of others, the individual is accountable, and may be subjected either to social or to legal punishment, if society is of opinion that the one or the other is requisite for its protection.” - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ed. David Spitz, chapter 5, p.87 (1975). Originally published in 1859. - SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, INDEPENDENCE

INDIVIDUALISM: The one with the primary responsibility to the individual’s future is that individual.” – Dorcas Hardy, Director, Social Security System. - So, what was he doing in that job? His excuse was, probably, safety-netting, as if insurance and credit institutions had not yet been invented or charity and mutual aid organizations of volunteers. - JZ, 26. 11. 06. - INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALISM: The only alternative to continued chaos and further development of dehumanizing trends is the rebirth of the individual as a separate entity - unsmothered by the claims of any State, whether democratic or totalitarian." - Source?

INDIVIDUALISM: The only freedom, which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ed. David Spitz, chapter 1, p. 14 (1975). - Originally published in 1859. – Is it not part of our freedom at all to act charitably or altruistically? – JZ, 12.1.09. - HUMAN RIGHTS, FREEDOM, PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS, SELF-INTEREST

INDIVIDUALISM: The only letter, which Englishmen write in capitals, is I. This I think is the most pointed comment on their national character.” - Attributed to Rubinstein. – EGOISM, SELFISHNESS, SELF-APPRECIATION

INDIVIDUALISM: The philosophy called individualism is a philosophy of social cooperation and the progressive intensification of the social nexus.” - Ludwig von Mises. – SOCIETY, FREE EXCHANGE, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The political idea of individualism is simple: we have the right to seek what we want in the world so long as we do not commit real crimes against others.” - Michael Moorcock, The Retreat from Liberty, p.76.

INDIVIDUALISM: The primary factor is genetic, the result of a sort of casting genetic dice. - Not only mere chance is involved. The eggs of mammals are somewhat discriminating and will not always just accept the first arrival for their fertilization. Just like the later women don’t. We are stuck with nature’s processes in this, until genetic manipulation is extended to the “manufacture” of humans. The second factor is environmental, the environment that others provide for us. It begins already before our birth. Later a third environmental factor becomes influential, namely the environment that we either choose or make for ourselves. Insofar we can be, to some extent, self-made men or women. Perhaps one should mention a fourth and somewhat separate factor, namely the kind of ideas and prejudices that one is exposed to. There the flawed ideas and opinions do, unfortunately, still predominate and the truthful ones are not easily found or discoverable everywhere for everyone. Here, too, we pick and choose for ourselves, often all too uncritically and stick for all to long or forever with our first wrong choices. – JZ, 22.10.07. – According to my eldest son, a practical doctor, several sperms are required to break down the resistance of the surface of the egg. But which one of them will be “accepted” then? Just, by accident, the last arrival? – JZ, 9.2.08. - DIVERSITY, CHARACTERS, HABITS, PERSONALITIES, FOUR FACTORS

INDIVIDUALISM: The purpose of your life is not to live for the lives of other people. That would be an absurdity for any self-respecting person. - JZ - LIFE, OWN PURPOSE, OWN SAKE

INDIVIDUALISM: The rational individualist is not the enemy of benevolence or civility, but their truest exemplar.” - David Kelley. - RATIONAL, EGOISM, SELF-INTEREST

INDIVIDUALISM: The real democratic American idea is not that every man shall be on a level with every other, but that everyone shall have liberty, without hindrance, to be what God made him.” - Henry Ward Beecher. – Or nature! – JZ - LIBERTY VS. EQUALITY, AMERICANISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The right to be let alone is the underlying principle of the Constitution's Bill of Rights.” - Erwin N. Griswold – Left alone, if that is desired. – JZ, 4.9.13. - PRIVACY, BEING LEFT ALONE, RIGHTS, CONSTITUTIONALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The smallest minority on earth is the individual. Those who deny individual rights cannot claim to be defenders of minorities.” - Ayn Rand. - And those who deny the right of individuals and minorities to secede from governments, even from limited governments, and to set up competing governments, like Ayn Rand did, cannot claim to be consistent defenders of individual rights and of the rights of minorities. - JZ, 11.2.02. – MINORITIES & INDIVIDUALS, THEIR RIGHTS, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The State cannot rightly do what an individual cannot rightly do, just to to force others to join its “club”. Others have no right to intervene in your life. You have no right to intervene in theirs. This implies voluntary membership in all associations. – JZ, n.d. & 12.1.09, 14.9.13. – STATISM, INTERVENTIONISM, TERRITORIALISM, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The strongest man is he who stands alone.” – Henrik Ibsen. – Rather, the man who is independent enough so that he cooperates with other independent individuals only voluntarily and for their common purposes, rather than under orders, commands laws etc. – Only then can his own creative, productive, propertarian and exchange potential become fully realized, as fully as he wants it to be. - JZ, 19.9.07. - STRENGTH & INDEPENDENCE

INDIVIDUALISM: The United States has the power to destroy the world, but not the power to save it alone.” - Margaret Mead. - It is not power of anyone over anyone that can save the world. JZ, 8.7.91. - The first individuals freely, consciously and quite publicly seceding from any State might suffice already to set off a chain reaction of similar secessions and of establishing exterritorially autonomous volunteer communties - and thus a few individuals might come to save the world. The world-wide repetition of numerous territorially imposed wrongs and absurdities will not save us. - JZ, 12.7.92. - POWER, DECISION ON WAR & PEACE BY A FEW INDIVIDUALS? SECESSIONISM, PANARCHISM, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: The Universe has as many different centers as there are living beings in it.” - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. – Does that also apply to viruses, other microbes, lice etc.? – Does each insect, grass, flower or weed quality as a rational and moral enough individual? – Is every life form to be respected, even if it does not respect other life forms and rather kills them, often just by moving, or to eat them? - Was he thinking of flies, lice, bacteria, viruses and fungi? Or only of conscious and somewhat rational beings? – JZ, 12.1.09. – I would include only the sufficiently moral and rational beings in this evaluation, not all kinds of irrational and immoral simple life forms which manage nothing else but to survive, as a species, over long periods and which are in this respect not so very superior over e.g. chemical and non-living molecules, which can be very complicated without being self-replicating. But their atomic particles and their subatomic particles and energy forms seem to have an almost unlimited “life-span” themselves, going to billions of years. They are a kind of “perpetuum mobile” but hardly life forms. Each of them is not a centre of the universe – although all of them are part of it. – JZ, 24.3.09. - MAN & THE UNIVERSE, CONSCIOUSNESS, HORIZONS, LIFE, REASON, RATIONALITY, MICROBES, INSECTS, RATS, MICE, PLANTS, AMOEBAE UNIVERSE, LIFE, WRONGFUL GENERALIZATIONS

INDIVIDUALISM: There is another form under which civilization can be generalized... a progress towards that constitution of man and society required for the complete manifestation of everyone's individuality.” - Herbert Spencer, Social Statics, p.481-83. – PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALISM: There is one person a rugged individualist cannot stand, and that is another rugged individualist.” - Woody Welling, THE CONNECTION 124, p.80. - Provide the individual choice or exterritorial autonomy option to both of them and they could become the best of friends or neutral or polite or respectful of each other. Territorialism and its threats and fears sets them against each other - whenever they hold different ideals and they provide no sound foundation for rightful and peaceful coexistence and cooperation between them. An analogous example is the kind of “industrial” warfare and class warfare practice that is inherent in the maintenance of the employer-employee relationship. Genuine self-management, in whatever form it might take among voluntarily associated producers and exchangers, would end that kind of “anti-industrial” warfare, e.g. with its wrongs of striks and its demarcation disputes and collective bargaining monopolies. - JZ, 25.10.02, 14.9.13. – PERSONALITY CLASHES, UNIONS, TERRITORIALISM VS. PERSONAL LAW CHOICES, INTOLERANCE

INDIVIDUALISM: There will never be a really free and enlightened state until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly.” - Henry David Thoreau, An Essay on Civil Disobedience, 1849. - A government thinking and acting in terms of territorial rule isn't an enlightened or free government. - An enlightened government would have only voluntary members, i.e., it would let individuals secede from it and would allow exterritorially autonomous competitors in form of volunteer communities. - JZ, 30.6.00. - There will never be a really free and enlightened territorial State. - As a territorial regime over millions of people - or even over a few hundred only, not all of them volunteers, a State cannot respect the rights of individuals but makes decisions and acts against the rights of dissenting individuals and minorities. - JZ, 24.10.02. – In other words, even if the State were willing to do so, as a territorial State it would not be able to do so. – JZ, 12.1.09. - STATE, ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: This is living!" "I gotta be me!" "Ain't we got fun!" - It's all there in the Declaration of Independence. We are the only nation in the world based on happiness. Search as you will the Magna Charta, the Communist Manifesto, the Ten Commandments, the Analects of Confucius, Plato's Republic, the New Testament or the UN Charter, and find me any happiness at all.” - P. J. O'Rourke. - The "founding fathers" spoke of the right to pursue one's liberty, not a right to happiness. All their declarations of rights and liberties were still too flawed and incomplete and not immediately extended e.g. to slaves, Red Indians, women and children. Their still all too imperfect and also territorialist system led to the present conditions. Thus we should have something much better in mind than merely harking back to their limited freedom thinking and actions over two centuries ago. - JZ, 15.1.09. – FOUNDING FATHERS, AMERICANISM, CONSTITUTIONALISM, REPUBLICANISM, DEMOCARCY, INDEPENDENCE, HAPPINESS

INDIVIDUALISM: This man is free from servile bands, Of hope to rise, or fear to fall: Lord of himself, though not of lands, And, having nothing, yet hath all.” - Henry Wotton, The Character of a Happy Life, 1651.

INDIVIDUALISM: those of us now living are individual expressions of a shared gene pool, enjoying with many total strangers a crisscrossing of common ancestors. Furthermore, each of us manifests our personal development from conception through infancy, the evolutionary history of all mankind. ... Like blossoms on the tree in an orchard, each of us reflects a shared ancestry.” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.221. - To that extent there are no human strangers, foreigners or aliens for us. We are all more or less related to each other. It is more due to accidents than our natures that all of us bear different names. – JZ, 3.3.99. - COMMON ANCESTORS, FRATERNITY, BROTHERHOOD, HUMAN FAMILY, MAN, MANIND, HUMAN BEINGS, HUMAN NATURE, RACISM, NATIONALISM, ALIENS? FOREIGNERS?

INDIVIDUALISM: To be what we are, and to become what we are capable of becoming, is the only end in life.” - Robert Louis Stevenson. - Something is missing in this wording, for cannibals, murderers and mass murderers might say the same about themselves. - JZ, 29.11.02. - MORALITY

INDIVIDUALISM: Totalitarianism is collectivism. Collectivism means the subjugation of the individual to a group - whether to a race, class or state does not matter. Collectivism holds that man must be chained to collective action and collective thought for the sake of what is called "the common good". - Throughout history no tyrant ever rose to power except on the claim of representing "the common good". Horrors which no man would dare to consider for his own selfish sake are perpetrated with a clear conscience by "altruists" who justify themselves by - the common good.” - Ayn Rand, The Only Path to Tomorrow, READER'S DIGEST, January 1944. – Exterritorial totalitarianism over volunteers only, would hardly be totalitarianism any longer. To make it full totalitarianism it requires territorialism & compulsory membership or subordination. – Collectivism of volunteers only also deserves a better term, e.g. voluntary or cooperative socialism. – And it is not imposed upon individuals but, rather, expresses a form of cooperative individualism that does express and extend property rights and individual incentives to everyone in a productive enterprise. - JZ, 12.1.09. - COLLECTIVISM, DICTATORSHIP, DESPOTISM, TYRANNY, TOTALITARIANISM, ALTRUISM, COMMON GOOD, PUBLIC INTEREST, NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLUNTARY OR COOPERATIVE SOCIALISM VS. STATE SOCIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: Two people have no more rights than each has individually.” – Jack Anderson & Perry Miles, A Constitution for a Moral Government, p.43. - MAJORITIES & INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALISM: Two persons never lit a fire without disagreeing.” - Irish proverb. – Compare: Tot homines tot senses. - Latin proverb. – (As many opinions as there are people.) - DISAGREEMENTS

INDIVIDUALISM: Under the most rigorously controlled conditions of pressure, temperature, volume, humidity, and other variables, the organism will do as it damn well pleases.” – A. S. Sussmen. - quoted in: Dr. Laurence J. Peter, The Peter Prescription, p.176. – At lease one should try, but suppression, prosecution, terrorism and deprivation, are somewhat effective, too. – JZ, 11.9.07. - OVERCOMING OBSTACLES, ADAPTATION

INDIVIDUALISM: We are each the product of billions of years of stellar and biological evolution.” - William Tedford, TIMES QUEST, Bk. II: Hydrabyss Red, p.56. – Respect for moral and rational ways of life is not expressed by immoral and irrational actions. – JZ, 12.1.09, 14.9.13. – The really moral is, usually, the most rational way, too. – If we had long enough recognized, realized and utilized all individual rights and liberties, we would mostly be relatively prosperous. - JZ, 14.9.13. - MAN, SELF-APPRECIATION, APPRECIATION OF OTHERS,  INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES, POVERTY & PROSPERITY, LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONOMICS, FREE MARKETS, CAPITALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: we are individuals. We aren't the servants of any state. On the contrary, the state serves us. And poorly, too. I think we should give it notice.” - P. J. O'Rourke, Parliament of Whores, Picador, 1992, vii. – Does, should or can the territorial State serve us? All of us, not only the Statists? – JZ, 12.1.09. - THE STATE, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INDIVIDUALISM: We are keeping our options open." – “We have come to embrace the concept that freedom is only for the politician who administers our affairs for government rather than for the individual citizen.” - Oscar W. Cooley & Paul Poirot, The Freedom to Move, 1951, p. 22. – The first statement is a typical remark for ruling power addicts without sufficient knowledge and ideas to do anything rightful, rational and useful in any particular public affairs. They are certainly not prepared to get out of the way and determined to remain territorial obstructionists, under all kinds of false pretences. – JZ, 12.1.09. - FREEDOM, POLITICIANS, STATISM, FREE MIGRATION, IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: We should, understandingly, encouragingly and tolerantly, help people to grow to their full potential rather than carelessly leaving them stagnate at their present stage of development. We should not only appreciate their present personality but also, and perhaps more so, the future one that they are capable of.  To that extent we should be as considerate of adults as we are of children. Generally, we know that they could do better than they are doing now. - However, in giving advice or passing on suggestions or tips to people one should be even more careful and persuasive than one has to be with children. - JZ, 6.9.93, 22.10.02. - IDEAS ARCHIVE, RED, SIGN DEBATES, DEFINITIONS ENCYCLOPAEDIA, NEW DRAFT, DEVELOPMENT, MATURITY, LOVE, RELATIONSHIPS, PERSONALITIES, EDUCATION, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, LIBERATION, ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: We’re a nation of cooperative loners, doing what has to be done because it’s reasonable.” – Michael Z. Williamson, Freehold, p.228. - COOPERATION, ASSOCIATIONISM, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUALISM: What is an individual', asked Coningsby of the Stranger, 'against a vast public opinion?' - 'Divine', said the stranger.” - Benjamin Disraeli. - Well, the opinions of every individual as compared with public opinion, is certainly not divine, nor is the opinion even of the best individuals, but it can be a much more moral, reasonable and rational point of view and if all these individuals get their hearing, too, or can and do record them accessibly … - JZ, 27.10.02. – If they apply their own views, however wrong and irrational they may be, only to their own affairs then they do act within their rights and no one else is wronged. - JZ, 12.1.09. - VS. PUBLIC OPINION

INDIVIDUALISM: What is not good for the hive is not good for the bee.” - Marcus Aurelius, 121-180. - Surviving and free bees could always build another and better hive. - JZ, 25.10.02. – Provided a queen, as their duplication machine, is among them. – JZ, 12.1.09. - SOCIETY, GOOD, BEE HIVES

INDIVIDUALISM: What price can be set on the autonomy of the individual?” - Thomas M. Disch, The Prisoner, p.46. - AUTONOMY, VALUE, PRICE, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUALISM: What you learn is everybody comes from a foreign country. Communicating heart to heart, mouth to soul, with anyone is like climbing Mount Ararat.” - Sol Stein, The Touch of Treason, Charter Books, N.Y., 1985, p.65. - Thus we should grant each other "diplomatic immunity" for all self-concerned or contractual actions, rather than imposing our laws and systems upon them. - JZ, 21.4.00. - FOREIGNERS, WE ARE ALL STRANGERS, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY OR PERSONAL LAW FOR ALL WHO DESIRE IT, GOVERNMENTS & SOCIETIES IN EXILE

INDIVIDUALISM: What's good for one is good for all.” - Piers Anthony, Viscous Circle, p.183. - Although this is widely true, it certainly does not apply e.g. to medicines and panarchistic choices. - JZ, 12.6.92. - GOOD, GOODNESS, VALUES, SERVICES

INDIVIDUALISM: Whatever crushes individuality is despotism, no matter what name it is called.” – John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), Economist and Philosopher, On Liberty, ch. III, 1859. - DESPOTISM, RIGHTS, FORCED, POWER, VIOLENCE, REPRESSION, CONTROLS, LAWS

INDIVIDUALISM: Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.” – Mahatma Gandhi. - Every rightful action will, ultimately, count, even though, for the present time, it may seem to be a quite insignificant action. Even merely thinking for oneself is already a very significant action. - JZ, 26.11.06.

INDIVIDUALISM: When one by force subdues men, they do not submit to him in heart. They submit, because their strength is not adequate to resist.” - Mencius, Book II, 1:3.2. - LIBERTY, FORCE, SUBJUGATION, COERCION, NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, STRENGTH, VOLUNTARISM, OBEDIENCE, SUBMISSION, RESISTANCE, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALISM: When we leave people on their own, we are delivering them into the hands of a ruthless taskmaster from whose bondage there is no escape. The individual who has to justify his existence by his own efforts is in eternal bondage to himself.” - Eric Hoffer - SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, SELF-RESPECT, SELF-MANAGEMENT, SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF-DETERMINATION, FREEDOM, LIBERTY, SELF-CONTROL, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, SELF-OWNERSHIP

INDIVIDUALISM: When we lose the right to be different, we lose the privilege to be free.” - Charles Evans Hughes, address at Faneuil Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, on the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1925. - Hughes Papers, Library of Congress. – To be free is not a privilege but a right. – JZ, 14.9.13. - RIGHT TO BE DIFFERENT, AUTONOMY, INDEPENDENCE

INDIVIDUALISM: Where you want to be is where you should be. Who you want to be is the same, not so?” - Frank Herbert & Bill Ransom, The Lazarus Effect, p.103. - FREE MIGRATION, SELF-DEVELOPMENT, FREE CHOICE, SELF-IMPROVEMENT, SELF-ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: Whoso would be a man must be a non-conformist.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson. - Conformism to rights, liberties, reason, responsibilities is one thing. Conformism to status, corruption, wrongful obedience, customs and traditions is another. - JZ, 26.11.02. – Does one become immediately non-human if one becomes a conformist in one or several respects? Aren’t we all at least trying to somewhat conform to the terms and expressions of our mother tongue? – JZ, 12.1.09. – Are politeness and consideration for others quite wrong or unmanly? – JZ, 14.9.13. - HUMAN NATURE, MATURITY, MAN, NON-CONFORMISM, DIS.

INDIVIDUALISM: Why should a person who advocates government control of the economy and the "means of production" be regarded as a "socialist" rather than an anti-social menace? Why should a person, who seeks to facilitate human interaction through the implementation of a free market be regarded as in inhuman ‘individualist.’"? - Diogenes of Panarchia, THE CONNECTION 116, April 83, p.45, his p.5. - VS. SOCIALISM, MARKETS VS. INTERVENTIONSM, CAPITALISM, MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE TRADE, FREE ENTERPRISE, FREE EXCHANGE, PROPERTY RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALISM: Yes, authority, coercion, dependence rest upon the mass, but never freedom or the free unfoldment of the individual, never the birth of a free society.” - Emma Goldman, quoted in Peter Marshall, Demanding the Impossible, p.402. - SOVEREIGNTY VS. TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY, FREEDOM, AUTHORITY, COERCION, DEPENDENCE, FREE SOCIETY

INDIVIDUALISM: You are the only person on Earth who can use your ability.” – Quoted in an email, without stating the source. – But some employers and some productive coops and some managers can utilize it better, to mutual advantage, than you could use it yourself. Moreover, alone in the wilderness you could do only so much and would be lucky to keep yourself alive for long. – JZ, 4.1.09. - SELF-APPRECIATION, SELF-RESPECT, SELF-UTILIZATION, SELF-DEVELOPMENT

INDIVIDUALISM: Your responsibility is only to fulfil your contracts and to respect the rights of others. You are not tied to them - or, at least, not rightly so. - JZ - RIGHTS, LIBERTIES, DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITY, SELF-GOVERNMENT, NON-INTERVENTION, CONTRACTARIANS, HUMAN RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALISTS: Do not make the mistake of the ignorant, who think that an individualist is a man who says: “I’ll do as I please at everybody else’s expense.” An individualist is a man who recognizes the inalienable individual rights of man – his own and those of others. - An individualist is a man who says: “I will not run anyone’s life – nor let anyone run mine. I will not rule nor be ruled. I will not be a master nor a slave. I will not sacrifice myself to anyone – nor sacrifice anyone to myself.” – A collectivist is a man who says: “Let’s get together, boys – and then anything goes!” - Ayn Rand, Textbook of Americanism, in: “The Ayn Rand Column”, revised edition, 1998, p 84/85, Second Renaissance Books, New Milford, Connecticut, www.rationalmind.com - EGOISM, SELFISHNESS, INDIVDUAL HUMAN RIGHTS, VS. SACRIFICES, COLLECTIVISTS

INDIVIDUALISTS: Individualists unite!” – Trevor Sutherland, Hamilton County TN LP Chairman. - But only to more effectively protect your individual rights and liberties, also more effectively than this has been done and can be done by a libertarian party with territorialist ambitions. - JZ, 25. 11. 06. – UNITY, STRENGTH, LIBERATION, MILITIA, SECESSIONISM, INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY, PERSONAL LAW, VOLUNTARISM

INDIVIDUALISTS: The individualist begins his analysis with the desires, needs and rights of individuals, and tends to see the organized community (the state) as an actual or potential enemy. He believes in the maximum personal freedom consistent with the rule of law (the purpose of law being primarily the protection of person and property) and he values risk-taking above security.” - Joseph F. Johnston, Jr., The Limits of Government, Regnery Gateway, Chicago, 1984, p.22/23. - I would have rather said that, by taking reasonable and limited risks, he assures, finally, even his financial security as well. – If only J. F. J. would also have considered his personal law and exterritorial autonomy options! - JZ, 2.10.07. - LAW

INDIVIDUALITY: Individuality is everywhere to be spared and respected as the root of everything good.” – J. Richter, quoted in: Dr. Laurence J. Peter, The Peter Prescription, p.224 – Especially by all those, not so inclined by their natures or ambitions. – JZ, 11.9.07. - PERSONALITY

INDIVIDUALITY: Individuality is freedom lived.” - John Dos Passos. - INDIVIDUALISM, FREEDOM, LIVING

INDIVIDUALITY: Whatever crushes individuality is despotism, no matter what name it is called.” – John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). - RIGHTS & LIBERTIES

INDIVIDUALIZATION: All collectivist problems can be solved by individualization or privatization. - JZ, 1975, 14.9.13.

INDIVIDUALIZATION: Only the individualization or voluntarization of societies and States is rightful and peace, progress and prosperity promoting. - JZ, 25.8.94. - That requires the kind of decentralization that becomes possible only through individual secessionism and exterritorial autonomy for volunteer communities, societies and governance systems and their experiments. It would make any form of voluntary segregation and integration possible, any democratic, authoritarian or other ideal - among its true believers. It would provide the ideal framework even for limited government libertarians, anarcho-capitalists and other forms of libertarianism and anarchism. - JZ, 25.8.94, 20.10.02. - VOLUNTARIZATION & EXTERRITORIALIZATION, PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, VS. STATISM, COLLECTIVISM, TERRITORIALISM, NATIONALISM, MASSES, MAJORITIES

INDIVIDUALS: the individual exists without the group. The group can't exist without individuals, (*) the concept has no meaning.” - L. Neil Smith, Taflak Lysandra, p.53. - (*) Here I would insert: "without them". - JZ - GROUPS, COLLECTIVISM, INDIVIDUALISM:

INDIVIDUALS: I'm just a nobody!" - Nobody is just a nobody - unless they do turn themselves into such things. Then this applies as long as they do this to themselves. – Individuals could and should make something out of themselves, i.e., they should make themselves count! – Starting, perhaps, with the realization that they are unique, all of them. - JZ, 22.11.87, 13.1.09, 14.9.13. – NOBODIES

INDIVIDUALS: every other individual in the world who is in any way different from him or her MUST be free if we are to survive.” - Arthur C. Clarke, The Garden of Rama, p.108. – That is, possibly, as close as he ever came to panarchism. – JZ, 12.1.09. – FREEDOM, PANARCHISM

INDIVIDUALS: if your interest lies with the group, consider that it consists of nothing but individuals. What else exists for it to consist of? And it's from individuals that its survival, all its role and progress, derive. Where else could they come from? Suppress the individual, you suppress the group, defeating your original purpose.” - L. Neil Smith, Contact and Commune, p.157. - GROUPS & COLLECTIVES

INDIVIDUALS: The individual's chief advantage over the group of men lies in his mental mobility.  With him perception is followed almost instantaneously by action. But with the group there are countless steps between. There must be a constant striking of averages, a constant effort to reconcile irreconcilable propositions, a perpetual waste of time. At definite, workable idea seldom survives this process unscathed. It grows barnacled with ifs and buts...” - H. L. Mencken, 1909. - GROUPS, COMMITTEES, COMPROMISES

INDIVIDUALS: they could only explain society if they presupposed contracting individuals with individual rights, ...” - Ernest Barker, Political Thought In England 1848 to 1914, p.166. - CONTRACTS, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, SOCIETY, RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALS: history shows that individuals have always done best at solving social and economic problems when they have been free of government tyranny.” - Earl W. McMunn, THE FREEMAN, 3/78.  - VS. GOVERNMENTS, FREEDOM VS. TYRANNY, TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALS: individuals who appear every night on national television wield more influence than government leaders.” - F. M. Esfandiary, Up-Wingers, 1973, p.96. – Alas, most of them are no more enlightened than are our “great” territorial leaders. Both groups appeal to and represent the lowest common denominators to reach the greatest audience or number of voters. – JZ, 13.1.09. – The few, who are already largely enlightened and effective opinion-makers, should be systematically enlightened to remove the remaining flaws or omissions in their thinking. Then they will become as effective and correct public opinion makers as they can and should be. For this they should be suficient help from admirers or fans, organized for this purpose. – Fully enlightened, they can be more effective than the best mass media re now and then they could also make the best use of the mass media. – JZ, 14.9.13. - OPINION-MAKERS, PUBLIC OPINION, MASS MEDIA, PRESS, RADIO, TV, BROADCASTERS, COMMENTATORS, ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALS: J. S. Mill's attempt to draw 'a circle around every individual' within which the individual must be left free to act as he chooses. Mill's distinction between self-regarding and other-regarding acts …” - David Nicholls, The Pluralist State, p.19.

INDIVIDUALS: picture millions of individuals all over the world initiating projects and ventures with intense global coordination on a network of networks like the Internet. This is linking citizens to citizens, and with prices continuing to come down, more and more people can participate.” – John Naisbitt, Global Paradox, p.55. - To some extent this works already in the sphere of auctions on the Internet. I would like to see this done e.g. for an Ideas Archive, a libertarian encyclopedia, an electronic world-freedom library etc. – JZ, 16.9.07. – It is much more important to offer all ideas – and their refutations, if they need it, on a global market, than it is to market there still more mere consumer goods. – JZ, 5.1.09. - INITIATING & PARTICIPATING IN GLOBAL PROJECTS, IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTER, NEW DRAFT

INDIVIDUALS: the individual is the one big thing in the world, … he has rights which come from a higher source than the bureaucracy.” - Frank Chodorov, The Income Tax …, p.50. – Individuals are also the most important “think tanks” in the world. – JZ, 13.1.09. - INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, BUREAUCRACY

INDIVIDUALS: the view (which goes back at least to Sismondi) that the spiritual and physical condition of the individual citizen matters more than the power of the State, so that if, as often happened, the two stood in inverse ratio to one another, the rights and welfare of the individual must come first. They rejected as historically false the proposition that only powerful States could breed good or happy citizens, …” - Isahiah Berlin, Russian Thinkers, p.230. - VS. STATE

INDIVIDUALS: whoso saveth the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind.” - The Koran, Surah V, 32. - Over history and even in our times many lives have been saved, perhaps even by you. But none of these life-saving acts has so far assured the survival of mankind. For this much more than the occasional heroic life-saving acts are required. We might even have to change our beliefs, principles and institutions and should no longer make collectivist and territorial efforts to save and conserve them in spite of the threats they pose to our lives, liberties, rights, prosperity and progress. - JZ, 21.10.02. – Saving the life of a tyrant may lead to the end of mankind. – JZ, 13.1.09. - A tyrannicide kills one person but may, thereby, save many lives. – 14.9.13. - NUCLEAR WAR THREAT, TYRANNICIDE, SAVING LIVES, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM.

INDIVIDUALS: A committee of one gets things done.” - Joe Ryan. - Teams of like - minded people can achieve even more, in loose cooperation. - JZ, 23.11.02. - VS. COMMITTEES

INDIVIDUALS: Adventure on, for from the littlest clue / Has come whatever worth man ever knew; / The next to lighten all men may be you …” - John Masefield, quoted as a motto by Nevil Shute, No Highway, p.5. - IDEAS, DISCOVERIES, ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALS: All political theories assume, of course, that most individuals are very ignorant. Those who plead for liberty differ from the rest in that they include among the ignorant themselves as well as the wisest.” - F. A. Hayek – No veto power to the masses – except when their lives and liberties are at stake. – JZ, 11.1.08. - IGNORANCE, DIS., POLITICAL THEORIES, MASSES

INDIVIDUALS: Any man more right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.” - Henry David Thoreau. – Alas, only rarely an effective majority. Mostly this “majority” has been suppressed or even annihilated by the majorities or the other powers then in existence. – If this opinion were true, then genuine individual rights and liberties would already have prevailed in every country long ago. – With such notions many people console themselves about their present helpless situations, instead of struggling to become sufficiently free to get, finally, a good chance to make a positive contribution not only in theory but also in practice. - JZ, 13.1.09. - IDEAS, MAJORITY, MINORITY

INDIVIDUALS: Any single individual had a whole universe of possibilities in him.” - Gordon R. Dickson, Mission to Universe, p.217. – Still has. But, under territorialism, how many do bother to develop them as much as they could and should, as rational and moral beings? – JZ, 13.1.09. – Only few explore and exhaust all their possibilities or even many of them. They are rather drifters, floating in a stream or mostly only subject to external influences. – To that extent they are not matured individuals but, rather, self-mutilated cripples. - JZ, 5.1.09. - OPTIONS, POSSIBILITIES, CHOICES, FREEDOM

INDIVIDUALS: As one advances in life, one realizes more and more that the majority of men - and of women - are incapable of any other effort than that strictly imposed on them as a reaction to external compulsion. And for that reason, the few individuals we have come across who are capable of a spontaneous and joyous effort stand out isolated, monumentalized, so to speak, in our experience. These are the select men, the nobles, the only ones who are active and not merely reactive, for whom life is a perpetual striving, an incessant course of training.” - José Ortega y Gasset, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - Incessant training is not good enough when there exists not a sufficient outlet for their creative energies, neither in form of e.g. a general ideas archive and talent centre, to publish what they have to offer and what others seek in ideas and talents, and when and where no freedom to experiment or freedom of action exists for like-minded people, e.g. in form of panarchies or polyarchies. – Otherwise the lives of all too many are spent in all too prolonged and useless striving and some of the best ideas may still die with the people who had them. – JZ, 10.1.08. - INNOVATORS, CREATORS, DISCOVERERS, IDEA CARRIERS, IDEAS ARCHIVE & TALENT CENTRE, PANARCHISM, INITIATIVE, ENTERPRISE, SLAVE MENTALITY, SERVILITY, STATISM, IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTER

INDIVIDUALS: At bottom every man knows well enough that he is a unique being, only once on this earth; and by no extraordinary chance will such a marvelously picturesque piece of diversity in unity as he is, ever be put together a second time.” - Friedrich Nietzsche. – DIVERSITY & UNIQUENESS OF EVERY MAN, WOMAN & CHILD

INDIVIDUALS: By space the universe encompasses and swallows me up like an atom; by thought I comprehend the world.” - Pascal, Pensées, 1670, 348, tr. W. F. Trotter. – Who can really comprehend all of the world or more than a very tiny fraction of it? – JZ, 13.1.09. - SPACE, UNIVERSE, SIZE, MAN, ATOMS, CONSCIOUSNESS, REASON, KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS, UNDERSTANDING

INDIVIDUALS: Democracy exists for individuals, not individuals for democracy.” - Ivor Brown, English Political Theory, Methuen, London, 1920, 126, ascribing this view to Mill. - DEMOCRACY

INDIVIDUALS: Each thinking individual hears, sees, reads, experiences and thinks so much and so differently that all his impressions and thoughts constitute a universe of his own, one which others could come close to almost fully exploring only at the expense of their own unique individual lives. Otherwise thinking individuals are largely unknowable to each other. We get only glimpses of them. But all the pearls which they do produce should be recorded, gathered, ordered, indexed and published upon demand and remain easily accessible in an optimal market for them. Likewise all the special talents or knowledge or skills they possess, so that they can be more utilized in free exchanes than they are now. - JZ, 2.10.88, 25.10.02, 14.9.13 -  IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTRE.

INDIVIDUALS: Even one ear of corn is not exactly like another.” - T. J. Sanhedrin, 4: 9. - INDIVIDUALITY, INDIVIDUALISM, INEQUALITY, UNIQUENESS, DIVERSITY

INDIVIDUALS: Every man has enough power left to carry out that of which he is convinced.” - Goethe. - Not everything is within the reach and power of isolated individuals. However, their free associations can achieve everything achievable by man. - JZ, 23.11.02. – Certain institutions can, without any impositions, maximize the potential positive influence that even individuals could and should have over mankind, by greatly increasing their contact options with others and the contact options of the others with them, within the limits of their special interests and reading, writing, viewing and listening capaciy. Many of these have still to become established. For instance, we still haven’t got a comprehensive freedom library, libertarian encyclopedia, directory, bibliography, abstracts and review collection, far less a libertarian ideas archive, talent market and refutations encyclopedia, although electronically they could now become fast compiled and cheaply duplicated. – JZ, 13.1.09. - CONVICTIONS, POWER, NEW DRAFT, IDEAS ARCHIVE

INDIVIDUALS: Every oak tree was once a nut who stood its ground.” - (anonymous) - PERSISTENCE, INDUSTRY, GROWTH, MATURITY, DEVELOPMENT, SELF-IMPROVEMENT

INDIVIDUALS: Everyone, in whom the animal disposition is preponderant, believes firmly that millions are more than one; whereas spirit is just the opposite, that one is more than millions, and every man can be the one.” - Sören Kierkegaard, Journals. - VS. MAJORITY

INDIVIDUALS: Everyone sees what you appear to be; few really know what you are.” - Machiavelli: The Prince, 1513. – Your talents and your ideas are hidden within you – unless they can be displayed in a market-like way and this outside the usual advertising sphere, where they would merely be swamped by advertisements for ordinary consumer goods and services. They do need a special and world-wide talent and ideas market. The Internet does not yet provide it but it could become the main means to make it effective, together with peripheral options like disks. – Image all present freedom knowledge, ideas and talents becoming accessible through a single cheap external HD! - JZ, 13.1.09. - APPEARANCES & PERSONALITIES, IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENTE CENTRE

INDIVIDUALS: Everything in nature is a cause from which there flows some effect.” - Baruch Spinoza, Ethica, I, 1677. - For positive effects that applies more to creative, moral and rational individuals, free to act, than to anything else in the human sphere. - JZ, 12.7.86, 24.10.02.

INDIVIDUALS: First, each individual has the capability of choosing the goals he wants to pursue and the means of pursuing them, subject to the laws of nature. – Second, it is preferable for each person to choose and pursue his own goals rather than have the choice of goals forced upon him, so long as his pursuits of such goals does not injure others. - These two axioms can be expressed in a general way by the assertion that society should be based on consent wherever possible rather than on compulsion. People who are free have the responsibility for choosing and pursuing their own goals. … It is presumed that an individual is more likely than another person to know his own interest. Except in the case of children and insane persons, therefore, each individual should, whenever possible, be left to determine his own interests rather than have the government (or anyone else) determine it. Thus, such phrases as “the public interest” should be regarded with the utmost suspicion. Interests are individual, not public.” - Joseph F. Johnston, Jr., The Limits of Government, Regnery Gateway, Chicago, 1984, p.16. - Panarchism or polyarchism “merely” introduce individual secessionism and personal law associations of volunteers into that situation and do thereby largely dissolve the existing difficulties, which are inevitable associated with territorial politics. We should have learnt that simple lesson long ago but did not. Thousands of millions died, prematurely, as a result and existed, while still living, more or less in misery. – A few minutes of thought, spent every day upon the exterritorialist alternative would soon have produced its inherent natural “miracles”, by finally sufficiently releasing creative human energies in the three spheres monopolized by territorial governments. Alas, even libertarian conservatives, like this author, did not yet draw this conclusion. - JZ, 2.10.07. - CHOICE, CONSENT, SELF-INTEREST, DECISION-MAKING, PUBLIC INTEREST & GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY, PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS, GOALS, AIMS, FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY, VS. FORCE, COMPULSION OR COERCION, CONSENT, VOLUNTARISM, ASSOCIATIONISM, CONTRACTARIANISM, PANARCHISM, PERSONAL LAW, POLYARCHISM, COMPETING GOVERNANCE

INDIVIDUALS: For every man has a mob-self and an individual self, in varying proportions. Some men are almost all mob-self.” - D. H. Lawrence, Obscenity and Pornography. - Is this all or mainly an inherited character trait or mainly or largely false conditioning? - JZ, 4.4.89. - We should become more conscious of the many important spheres in which territorial States have eliminated individual responsibility and decision-making and the opportunities for developing judgment, maturity and competence and replaced them by centralized, monopolistic and coercive political, bureraucratic and even military decision-making. - JZ, 26.10.02. - MASS MEN, SELVES, TERRITORIALISM, MONOPOLISM, LAWS, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, FREEDOM OF ACTION UNDER EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR VOLUNTEERS, PERSONAL LAW

INDIVIDUALS: He that lives not somewhat to others, liveth little to himself.” - Montaigne, Essays, III, chapter 10. – for others? Need for recognition? – JZ. - SOCIETY

INDIVIDUALS: He travels fastest who travels alone.” - Rudyard Kipling, The Winners. - Few can afford and pilot a jet plane. Division of labor, free exchange, free trade, free communications, liberate all of us. - JZ, 9.10.07. – By now one’s mind can "travel” all over the world, while one still sits on one's easy chair, before a computer, and this much faster and cheaper than by travelling in a plane. Accommodation costs are also saved. One can even get an aerial view or a street-level one of many locations. But we do not have as yet easy and fast access to all ideas, opinions, facts and references, which are of primary interest to libertarians, although the technical means to provide them are now more powerful and cheaper than ever before. Enough collaboration between libertarians has still to become organized, in a market-like way, so that, between them, they can readily supply any information any libertarian seeks and that does already exist somewhere. If it does not already exist, they could work it out among themselves, e.g. by a special libertarian discussion group or by electronic "argument mapping" as described by Paul Monk et al, or with the help of a libertarian ideas archive or at least a libertarian digital and ever growing encyclopedia. A common projects list would also help greatly. - JZ, 15.1.09, 1q4.9.13. - ALONE, INDIVIDUALISM

INDIVIDUALS: I am only one, but I am one. I cannot do everything, but I can do something. What I can do, I ought to do, and what I ought to do, by the Grace of God, I will do.” - Author Unknown. – Those, who still believe in a God are unlikely to think and act enough in a rational and rightful way – They would rather let God e a good man. - JZ, 14.9.13. - POWER, ACTION

INDIVIDUALS: I believe that each new-born child arrives on earth with a message to deliver to mankind. Clenched in his little fist is some particle of yet unrevealed truth, some missing clue, which may solve the enigma of man's destiny. He has a limited amount of time to fulfill his mission - and he will never get a second chance - nor will we. He may be our last hope. He must be treated as top-sacred.” - Sam Levenson.

INDIVIDUALS: I find Kierkegaard's almost fanatical concern for the individual and keen psychological insights much more appealing than the grandiose schemes and concern for humanity-in-the-abstract of Hegel or Marx.  Respect for groups that doesn't include respect for individuals of those groups isn't respect at all. … In history, some of the worst disasters have been caused by idealists trying to force people into “doing what is good for them''. Such idealism not only leads to suffering among its innocent victims, but also to delusion and corruption of the idealists applying the force. I also find idealists prone to ignore experience and experiment that inconveniently clashes with dogma or theory." - Bjarne Stroustrup, "The Design and Evolution of C++", p.23. - GROUPS, IDEALISM, IDEOLOGIES, COLLECTIVISM

INDIVIDUALS: I had wrongly judged men. I had labeled them as inferior to me, when this was not the case. Some were inferior, some my equal, some even my superior in ways. Each minim of intelligent life on this planet was such an individual spark, such a varying quantity and quality that no sweeping comparison could ever be made. What I had alsways sensed and what I had misinterpreted was that society was inferior to me. No man. Society. - Dean R. Koontz, A Darkness in my Soul, p.99, Daw Books, N.Y., 1972. - Compare Stirner's philosophy in his The Ego and His Own. - INFERIORITY, SUPERIORITY, INEQUALITY

INDIVIDUALS: If I am not for myself, who will be for me? And if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now—when?” - Aboth 1:14, saying of Hillel. Pirkay Avot, often known in English as the "Chapters of the Fathers," is the best known of the books of the Mishnah, first part of the Talmud. Translations vary; that above is from Leo Rosten's Treasury of Jewish Quotations, p. 459 (1972). - SELF-HELP, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

INDIVIDUALS: If the essential attribute of a democracy is its power to accept or reject the government, there must be genuine possibility of an alternative government.” - J. D. Mabbott, The State and The Citizen, p.175. - Rather, power for INDIVIDUALS to accept or reject or establish a personal law government for THEMSELVES, without thereby losing any individual human rights, except those which they themselves want to renounce for the time being. - JZ, 23.3.99. - GOVERNMENTS, CHOICE IN GOVERNMENT, FULL VOTES FOR INDIVIDUALS, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PERSONAL LAW

INDIVIDUALS: In a nation of sheep, one brave man forms a majority.” - Edward Abbey, 1927-1989. Vox Clamantis in Deserto (A Shout in the Wilderness or Crying in the Wilderness.) - If only this were ALWAYS true, not only morally but in practice. - JZ, 2.6.01. – More than courage is required. How many live and died bravely for flawed or even quite wrong ideas? – JZ, 5.1.09. MAJORITY, COURAGE, SHEEP, NATIONS, BRAVERY.

INDIVIDUALS: In brief, what it came to was that the State is everything; the individual nothing. The individual has not rights that the State is bound to respect; no rights at all, in fact, except those, which the State may choose to give him, subject to revocation at its own pleasure, with or without notice. There is no such thing as natural rights; the fundamental doctrine of the American Declaration of Independence, the doctrine underlying the Bill of Rights, is all moonshine. Moreover, since the State creates all rights, since the only valid and authoritative ethics are State ethics, then, by obvious inference the State can do no wrong.” - Albert Jay Nock, Memoirs of a Superfluous Man, Harper, 1943, p.114/115. - VS. THE STATE, RIGHTS & LIBERTIES VS. PRIVILEGES & GRANTS, STATISM VS. FREE SOCIETIES

INDIVIDUALS: In fact he didn't really believe in anything that might properly be called "the public." There were just billions of pre-occupied individuals, coping with their own lives as he was attempting to cope with his. He knew the media lied about every issue he was familiar with, and as a consequence he assumed they lied about everything else, as well.” - L. Neil Smith, Pallas, p.373. – To really get everything wrong would need a special skill of that kind! If some would achieve that, then we could get at truths very simply, but assuming the opposite of what they are stating to be true. – JZ, 14.9.13. - THE PUBLIC OR THE PEOPLE

INDIVIDUALS: In what concerns you much, do not think you have companions; know that you are alone in the world." - Thoreau. - There are so many people in the world, often even in the same language area, that almost no one is really alone with his ideas and opinions, projects and aspirations. However the institutions that would almost automatically or very easily bring them together, even if only upon the initiative of one of them, are still largely amiss. Even the Internet has not yet completely solved this task. It must be supplemented by various reference works, either online or on discs. Altogether something is required which I call a "genuinely cultural revolution". - JZ, 15.1.09. - ALONE, LIKE-MINDED PEOPLE, A GENUINELY CULTURAL REVOLUTION, IDEAS ARCHIVE, SUPER-COMPUTER-PROJECT, CD-PUBLISHING, REFUTATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA, RED, DIS., PROJECTS LIST, LIBERTARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY, ABSTRACTS & REVIEW COLLECTION, LIBERTARIAN ELECTRONIC BOOKS ONLINE, IN A COMMON URL LIST, SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, NEW DRAFT, ACCELERATION OF ENLIGHTENMENT

INDIVIDUALS: Indeed, society is often less subtle, less perceptive than the individuals who compose it.” - Chad Walsh, From Utopia to Nightmare, p.146. - MAJORITY, MASS PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC OPINION, IDEAS, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, SOCIETY

INDIVIDUALS: Indeed, the individual has become 'the forgotten minority'.” - LIBERTARIAN AMERICAN, March-June 68. - MINORITIES, FORGOTTEN MAN

INDIVIDUALS: Individuals are more important than groups. If we have not learned that, we have learned nothing.” - Martin Woodhouse, Rock Baby, Pan Books, London, 1970, p. 116. – learnt? – JZ - Territorial compulsory groups, including thus involuntary subjects, should be distinguished from voluntary groups that are tolerant enough to do their own things only for and to themselves. – JZ, 24.9.07. - GROUPS, INDIVIDUALISM, TERRITORIAL GROUPS & PANARCHISM OR POLYARCHISM

INDIVIDUALS: Individuals are more qualified to decide what is best and good for themselves than are bureaucrats.” - Le Grand E. Day, THE CONNECTION 140, p.77. - Compare the old English proverb: “The wearer only knows where the shoe pinches.” - SELF-GOVERNMENT, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, AUTONOMY, PANARCHISM, MULTI-GOVERNMENT

INDIVIDUALS: Individuals, peaceful and productive ones, are morally much more important and valuable than are any, even the best governments. - JZ, 13.4.92. - Are there any quite peaceful and productive governments or rulers? - JZ, 26.10.02. - VS. GOVERNMENTS

INDIVIDUALS: Institutions do not know anything; only individuals have knowledge.” - Marc Stiegler, The Third Alternative, ANALOG, Nov. 87, 82. – However, an institution like a libertarian or general Ideas Archive could come to effectively, i.e., in a market-like way, present the knowledge and ideas of millions of individuals. – JZ, 13.1.09. - VS. INSTITUTIONS, KNOWLEDGE, IDEAS

INDIVIDUALS: It is an absolute perfection … to know how… to get the very most out of one's own individuality.” - Michel de Montaigne. - While that may be the perfection of any particular individual, it will have reached its limits with it, thus not yet absolute perfection, not by a long shot. - JZ, 25.11.02. - SELF-IMPROVEMENT & PERFECTION

INDIVIDUALS: It is because nations tend to stupidity and baseness that mankind moves so slowly; it is because individuals have a capacity for better things that it moves at all.” - George Gissing, "Spring". The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft, 1903. - It is wrong to assume that "nations" exist and that the coercion, collectivism, and monopolism and majority despotism of territorialism have no negative effects. - JZ, 23.10.02. - PROGRESS

INDIVIDUALS: It was the face of those who did not dare sit down and talk with themselves, the people who could not be alone a minute, the people who were tired without knowing they were tired and afraid without knowing that they were afraid.” - Clifford D. Simak, Ring Around the Sun, p.81. - ALONE, TALKING TO OR THINKING BY ONESELF, MAN VS. MASSES, PEOPLE, FEAR, SELF-THINKING

INDIVIDUALS: It's the fault of those physicists and that synchronicity theory, every particle being connected with every other; you can't fart without changing the balance in the universe.” - Philip K. Dick, The Man in the High Castle, p 53. - Perceptively, even from 100 m away? - When you go swimming in an ocean, do you cause a world-wide tsunami and flood all the coastlines? - Does your opinion automatically change world opinion? - JZ, 27.10.02.

INDIVIDUALS: Just remember that you are a free individual, no matter what the government thinks.” - Fritz Knese, THE CONNECTION 115, p.107. - The government knows that you are not yet a free individual, no matter what you believe your actual status to be and it will do its worst to keep you unfree while thinking that your are free, e.g. through the democratic vote and your right to utter some complaints. Wishful thinking, false confidence and self-deception, combined with some more or less trivial liberties, are no substitute for real and full liberty. The man who imagines himself to be free will be kept unfree and his delusions will remain government supported. - F. K. should have stated: "ought to be" instead of "are". - JZ, 26.10.02. - FREEDOM, GOVERNMENTS, FREEDOM OF ACTION & EXPERIMENTATION IN SPHERES NOW WRONGFULLY MONOPOLISED BY TERRITORIAL STATES http://www.reinventingmoney.com/documents/MoneyEbook.pdf.

INDIVIDUALS: Leave this hypocritical prating about the masses. Masses are rude, lame, unmade, pernicious in their demands and influences, and need not to be flattered but to be schooled. I wish not to concede anything to them, but to tame, drill, divide, and break them up, and draw individuals out of them. The worst of charity is that the lives you are asked to preserve are not worth preserving. Masses! The calamity is the masses. I do not wish any mass at all, but honest men only, lovely, sweet, accomplished women only, and no shovel-handed, narrow-brained, gin-drinking million stockingers or lazzeroni at all. If government knew how, I should like to see it check, not multiply the population. When it reaches its true law of action, every man that is born will be hailed as essential.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), Conduct of Life (1860). – Would he have formed the same judgment about communities of volunteers only, peacefully doing only their own things among themselves and leaving all other such communities alone? – JZ, 13.1.09. – PANARCHISM, MASSES, PEOPLE, POPULATION, NATIONS, PROLETARIAT, CLASSES

INDIVIDUALS: Let a man proclaim a new principle. Public sentiment will surely be on the other side.” - Thomas B. Reed. - That would not matter at all, if only the man and his voluntary followers are granted experimental freedom or freedom of action, while the rest, the dissenting public, remains free, to go on as before, undisturbed by these innovators and reformers. To each his own, that is justice and has always been. To coercively mix opposites is a horrendous mistake, worse than compulsory marriages, enforced sexual intercourse, the prescription of one sport for all, one kind of meals for all, one kind of clothing for all, one kind of recreation for all. In most spheres of living we have already come away from this kind of nonsense, intolerance and wrongful interventionism. Why are we foolish enough to retain it for politics and for economic and social systems, without any good moral or rational motive for doings so? We do not even discuss this wrong, this great mistake in these three remaining spheres, no matter how much we daily suffer for this omission. – JZ, 3.4.99. – TERRITORIALISM, THE PUBLIC, PUBLIC OPINION, PRINCIPLES, IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTRE, PERSONAL LAW, VOLUNTARISM, PANARCHISM, COMPETING GOVERNANCE, POLYARCHISM

INDIVIDUALS: Minorities have the rights of individuals, through their voluntary members and they cannot enjoy them in systems territorially dominated by individuals, small groups, particular minorities or majorities. - JZ, n.d., reworded 2.6.84, 14.9.13. - MINORITIES

INDIVIDUALS: My personal feeling is that this is how any further improvement of the world will be done: by individuals making quality decisions and that's all.” - Robert M. Prisig: Zen and the Art of Motorcyle Maintenance, p.352. - But first we would have to set individuals free to do so, regardless of governmental, majority and expert opinions. - JZ, 27.10.02, 14.9.13. – Quality decisions would have to include enough and suitable associations with others. We can’t all be effective “007’s”, saving the world on our own. Many projects are too big for one. Voluntary associations, collaborations and exchanges are required, whole movements are required – although individuals may start them off. – JZ, 13.1.09. - DECISION-MAKING, MONOPOLIES, PANARCHISM, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, NEW DRAFT, GENUINELY CULTURAL REVOLUTION, ENLIGHTENMENT, IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTARIAN LIBRARY

INDIVIDUALS: No human being on Earth has the right to leave his abilities unused and live at the expense of the energies of others.” – (Kein Mensch auf der Erde hat das Recht, seine Kraefte ungebraucht zu lassen und durch fremde Kraefte zu leben.”) – J. G. Fichte, Beitrag zur Berichtigung der Urteile des Publikums ueber the Franzoesische Revolution, 1793, quoted in a review, S. 363. - DUTY, OBLIGATION, SELF-SUPPORT, RIGHT, IDLENESS, EXPLOITATIOIN

INDIVIDUALS: No individual is irrelevant - unless he makes himself so. - JZ, 18.6.92.

INDIVIDUALS: No man is wise enough by himself.” - Titus Maccius Plautus. Miles Gloriosus, act III, sc. iii. - There is wisdom to be gained from human society, teamwork and collaboration, even from arguments with opponents. - JZ, 27.11.02. - WISDOM, SOCIETY, IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTRE, COLLABORTION, EXCHANGE, TEAMWORK

INDIVIDUALS: No one can really pull you up very high - you lose your grip on the rope. But on your own two feet you can climb mountains.” - Louis Brandeis. - SELF-HELP, SELF-RELIANCE

INDIVIDUALS: Not armies, not nations, have advanced the race; but here and there in the course of ages, an individual has stood up and cast his shadow over the world.” - E. H. Chapin, American clergyman, 1814-1880, quoted in Leonard E. Read, How Do We Know, p.83. - I would rather have said that he cast his LIGHT over the world. - JZ - ARMIES NATIONS, PEOPLES, PROGRESS, INNOVATORS, THINKERS

INDIVIDUALS: One free man says frankly what he thinks and feels in the midst of thousands who by their actions and words maintain just the opposite. It might be supposed that the man who has frankly expressed his thought would remain isolated, yet in most cases it happens that all, or the majority, of the others have long thought and felt the same as he, only they have not expressed it. And what yesterday was the novel opinion of one man becomes today the general opinion of the majority. And as soon as his opinion is established, at once by imperceptible degrees but irresistibly, the conduct of mankind begins to alter.” - Leo Tolstoy, quoted in NOTES FROM FEE, Jan. 78. - If only it would always work that way! - See under Ideas Archive. - JZ, 24.10.02. - See Kuhn on scientific revolutions. - EXPERTS, PUBLIC OPINION, ENLIGHTENMENT, SUCCESS, POWER, INFLUENCE, OPINION-MAKERS, PARADIGM, MODELS

INDIVIDUALS: One fundamental observation of group psychology says that two changes occur when individuals are assembled into a group. There is an intensification of the emotions; and there is an inhibition of the intellect.” - Henry M. Boettinger, Moving Mountains. - Compare Le Bon: The Psychology of the Masses. - GROUPS, MASSES, EMOTIONS, INTELLECT, PSYCHOLOGY, FEELINGS

INDIVIDUALS: One man plus the truth is an army". - Source? - Rather: One man plus truths can become an army. - JZ, 5.2.92. - Compare the remark by Machiavelli: “All armed prophets won. All unarmed prophets lost.” - One individual, consistently and clearly standing for individual rights and liberties, could get all individuals as his allies. - JZ, 26.10.02. – But only when IF he mobilizes enough of his freedom of expression and information opportunities and realizes, for himself and others, enough freedom to experiment opportunities, or if enough others do this. – JZ, 13.1.09, 14.9.13. - TRUTH, INFLUENCE, GENUINELY CULTURAL REVOLUTION, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT, PANARCHISM, IDEAS ARCHIVE, SUPER-COMPUTER PROJECT, ENCYCLPEDIA OF THE BEST REFUTATIONS , NEW DRAFT

INDIVIDUALS: One man with courage makes a majority.” (*) - Attributed to Andrew Jackson by Robert F. Kennedy in his Foreword to the Young Readers Memorial Edition of John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage, p. xiii (1964). Unverified. Kennedy continued, "That is the effect President Kennedy had on others." A variation of the phrase above, "One man can make a difference and every man should try," was written by Jacqueline Kennedy on a card to accompany an exhibit that traveled around the country when the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston was first opened. - (*) Good sense is also helpful! - There is an abundance of courage wasted in wars but it has not yet brought about a lasting peace. A lot of courage and persistence are required to search for, find, recognize and finally utilize alternative good ideas. One needs also to be free to act upon one's own ideas. – JZ, 13.3.99. - Maybe, hopefully, if he has also right and reason on his side. He would also need a suitable platform or market for publicity for its proposals or freedom to put them into practice at least among the first few volunteers. - Some of the greatest scoundrels and tyrants did not lack courage - but much else! - JZ, 25.11.02. – Moreover, all too often have courageous individuals been murdered by gangs or crowds. – Socrates and Jesus Christ are among the most famous examples. – In a democracy the courageous individual is simply outvoted. - JZ, 12.1.09. - – Merely freedom and courage to enable one to run against machine gun fire and barbed wire or to put up with the nuclear war threat is not good enough. – JZ, 13.1.09. - COURAGE, MAJORITIES

INDIVIDUALS: Only individuals exist, and in the individual nothing but the individual.” - Victor Cousin, quoted in: Letters From Albert Jay Nock, 1924-45 to Mr. & Mrs. Edmund C. Evans & Ellen Windsor, Caxton, 1949, p.202.

INDIVIDUALS: Q.: What is the smallest minority of all? A.: The individual. Those who demand benefits for minorities (or the majority) should ask the question, at whose expense? The individual should never be enslaved (taxes and regulation) in the name of fairness to other minorities.” - Glen G. Cooper, Contemporary Realism. – MINORITIES

INDIVIDUALS: Rather stand up, assured with conscious pride, alone, than err with millions on thy side.” - Charles Churchill, Night, I, p.381. - VERSUS THE MASSES, MAJORITIES, TRUTH V. ERRORS

INDIVIDUALS: Responsibility and danger do not tend to free or stimulate the average person's mind - rather the contrary; but wherever they do liberate an individual's judgment and confidence we can be sure that we are in the presence of exceptional ability.” - Carl von Clausewitz. - RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALS: So much one man can do that does both, act and know.” - Andrew Marrell: Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland, 1650. - Would he have been overthrown without having had his conquests and victories there? Did he, his officers and his soldiers show sufficient restraint and tolerance there, as they had shown in England? Was it too much still a religious war that they conducted there? Did they respect the various local autonomy aspirations? Perhaps the republic might even have been continued if he had been defeated there and killed in a battle? - He was a great man in many respects - but he had his flaws, too. - What is the opinion among Irish Catholics today about his actions and victories? Are they forever grateful and honouring him? A great man may be a good defender - but also a wrongful aggressor. - JZ, 24.10.02. - KNOWLEDGE

INDIVIDUALS: That cause is strong which has not a multitude, but one strong man behind it.” - James Russell Lowell, Democracy: Books and Libraries. - The individual stands a better chance with alternative media, an Idea's Archive, an Encyclopedia of the Best Refutations, the experimental freedom of Panarchism and a militia for the protection of individual rights on his side. Otherwise, even the strongest personality with the highest ideal is not likely to succeed. – The potentials of communities of like-minded volunteers has not yet been fully explored. - JZ, 29.3.99, 1.1.09. – The myth of the “great” man, savior, leader or hero still prevails. How it has incapacitated all too many of the multitudes! – Just as much as the “myth of the chosen people”, nationalism, chauvinism or race. - JZ, 13.1.09, 14.9.13. - PERSONALITY CULT, HERO WORSHIP, LEADERSHIP, STRENGTH, MULTITUDES & CAUSES, DIS. MASSES, VOLUNTARISM, PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY

INDIVIDUALS: The best problems solvers are individuals. Many people acting independently, are more intelligent than a few people acting as a group.“ - P. J. O' Rourke, All The Trouble In The World, p.203. – One can act independently and yet in free collaboration with other and somewhat like-minded people and thus become even more effective than one could be on one’s own, without their input. – The free market coordinates the work of individuals. And so can free-market type organizations of volunteers with the same or similar objectives. – All knowledge and wisdom has never been present in a single head and never will be. - JZ, 13.1.09, 14.9.13. - PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS, COMMITTEES, PARLIAMENTS, TEAMWORK, DIS.

INDIVIDUALS: The death of a single man can mean a great lost battle for the whole of mankind.” – (Der Tod eines einzigen Menschen kann fuer die ganze Menschheit eine grosse verlorene Schlacht bedeuten.) - Romain Rolland, Au-des-su de la mêlées, XVII. -) - DEATH, TALENTS, GENIUS, IDEAS ARCHIVE

INDIVIDUALS: The great creative individual … is capable of more wisdom and virtue than collective man ever can be.” - John S. Mill, 1806-1873. - But an intelligent combination of numerous small creative sparks of many people from different times and places, can, in combination, often be greater than any individual creative contribution. Compare the development of motors and cars. - JZ, 9.6.92, 27.10.02.

INDIVIDUALS: The great law of culture is: Let each become all that he was created capable of being.”- Carlyle, Essays: J. P. F. Richter. - I would except born authoritarians, tyrants and dictators, unless the act only among volunteers. - JZ, 29.3.99. – If everyone is capable of becoming a murderer should then everyone develop in that direction as well? – JZ, 12.1.09. - THEIR POTENTIAL, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, FREEDOM, DIS.

INDIVIDUALS: The human features and countenance, although composed of but some ten parts or little more, are so fashioned that among so many thousands of men there are no two in existence who cannot be distinguished from one another.” - Pliny the Elder, Natural History, VII, 8. - INEQUALITY, UNIQUENESS

INDIVIDUALS: The individual and his rights and liberties are mostly ignored or suppressed and exploited in territorial “representative” or direct democracies and in republics, although not as much as in open dictatorships and tyrannies. – JZ, 21.1.04, 26.10.07. – TERRITORIALISM, GOVERNMENT

INDIVIDUALS: The individual is the true reality of life. A cosmos in himself, he does not exist for the State, nor for that abstraction called "society" or the "nation," which is only a collection of individuals.” – Emma Goldman (1869-1940), The Place of the Individual in Society. - STATES, SOCIETIES, NATIONS & TERRITORIALISM

INDIVIDUALS: The prophets of Israel who preached the idea of the nucleus of ten good men required for a city's survival, built this concept on the Talmudic idea or the Thirty-Six Just Ones whose existence in each generation is necessary for the survival of Humankind.” - Judaism's Book of the Dead, Shiprecords. - Quote in: Frank Herbert, The Jesus Incident. - The notion that 36 just men can be a substitute for most people adopting justice as their ideal, is as absurd as that of one "savior" taking the sins of all mankind upon himself. Just 36 just men only - among a mankind of injust men, can, under territorialist conditions, only expect their extermination, soon. - JZ, 12.6.92, 13.1.09. - JUSTICE

INDIVIDUALS: The race advances only by the extra achievements of the individual. You are the individual.” - Charles Towne. - PROGRESS, MANKIND

INDIVIDUALS: The strongest man in the world is he who stands most alone.” - Henrik Ibsen, An Enemy of the People, act 5. - That ignores the advantages of voluntary co-operation, specialization, division of labor and free exchange. It just stresses the value of a large degree of individual independence. – JZ, 1.4.99. – Panarchism offers it with personal laws, individual sovereignty, consumer sovereignty in all spheres and individual secessionism. – JZ, 13.1.09. - ALONE, STRENGTH

INDIVIDUALS: The sun is so large that, if it were hollow, it could contain more than one million worlds the size of our earth. There are stars in space so large that they could easily hold 500 million suns the size of ours. There are about 100 billion stars in the average galaxy - and at least 100 million galaxies in known space. Who says it's a small world?” - Morris Mandell, quoted in ANALOG 4/88, P. 119. - Size is not the most important thing, at least not for human beings. Who says that consciousness, creativity and morality of a tiny human being is small by comparison? - JZ, 16.4.91.

INDIVIDUALS: The things that are wrong with the country today are the sum total of all the things that are wrong with us as individuals.” - Charles W. Tobey. - Are all individuals really to blame for the existence of territorial States, countries and nations or are many of them rather victims of them and their institutions and laws and regulations, of the official myths and false pretences? Are they free to secede and to try to do better for themselves at the own expense and risk? Institutions, especially coercive, monopolistic, territorial, centralistic ones, not only reduce men to less of their potential growth but also destroy them, all too often. The crimes of the victimizers should not be blamed upon the victims. The only crimes of the victims does here consist in ignoring the criminality of all territorial institutions and not caring enough about finding, publicizing and realizing sound alternatives to them. - JZ, 12.7.92, 25.10.02, 14.9.13. - INSTITUTIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, GOVERNMENTS, TERRITORIALISM, PANARCHISM, FREE CHOICE, VOLUNTARISM, INDIVIDUAL VS. COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

INDIVIDUALS: The voice of one crying in the wilderness.” - Matthew, III, 3. - Have the few freedom lovers in the world taken up enough contacts with each other? Do they exchange enough freedom information between them, or do they largely ignore each other, too? - JZ, 1.5.00. - ENLIGHTENMENT, SOME OF THE BEST IDEAS FOR LIBERTY, KNOWLEDGE

INDIVIDUALS: The world is being run by the collective judgments and actions of individuals.” - John Naisbitt, Global Paradox, p.50. – It should be, in their own voluntary communities, exterritorially quite autonomous. – JZ, 16.9.07. - THEIR CHOICES, PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM

INDIVIDUALS: The world today is about the individual, not the state. It is about self-organization, just as business has experienced the shift to self-management.” - John Naisbitt, Global Paradox, p.50. - VS. THE TERRITORIAL STATE

INDIVIDUALS: The world's progress always has been started by individuals, not by groups. And these individuals have always been non-conformists - people who had a vision of something better than the status quo and had intestinal fortitude enough to fight for it - people who bearded Procrustes in his den and die battle with him, instead of letting themselves be cut down to his size. Progress is never made by those who merely follow the crowd, but by those who dare to show the crowd a better way.” - Kenneth W. Sollet, quoted in NOTES FROM FEE, Jan. 78. - The last option is often outlawed by censorship and almost always by the suppression of exterritorial autonomy for volunteer communities. Most fighting could be avoided once individuals may freely opt out to do their own things to and for themselves, together with like-minded people. – JZ, n.d. - PROGRESS, INITIATIVE, COURAGE, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT, NON-CONFORMISM, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM, WAR, PEACE

INDIVIDUALS: There are many worlds in one. We share in all these worlds as we allow for the flowering of individual perception and consciousness. The many worlds of our existence are all virtually undiscovered. Everyone is a world in himself.” - Joan Marie Leonard, THE FREEMAN, 9/76. - So let all individuals finally make a world or a community or establish institutions, together with likemined people, that corresponds to their convictions and their beliefs. Neither any democratic or republican or limited government nor an form of anarchy will satisfy everybody. To each his own - as long as he can stand it! - Exterritorial autonomy has "space" for an unlimited number of societies, dream-worlds and utopias. - JZ, 27.10.02. – PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM, FREEDOM OF ACTION, EXPERIMENTATION, PERSONAL LAW, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, VOLUNTARISM VS. TERRITORALISM

INDIVIDUALS: To each man is reserved a work which he alone can do.” - Susan Blow. - Alas, in the absence of an Ideas Archive and a projects list - how many other people have become familiar with their creative work, new ideas and discoveries, their special talents? - JZ, 24.10.02. – IDEAS ARCHIVE, TALENT CENTRE

INDIVIDUALS: Today the individual is more powerful than ever. The individual has communication facilities, mobility, information, knowledge, awareness. These are powerful tools.” - F. M. Esfandiary, Upwingers, 1973, p.98. - TOOLS, MACHINERY

INDIVIDUALS: Underneath all, individuals, I swear nothing is good to me now that ignores individuals, ...” - Walt Whitman, By Blue Ontario's Shore.

INDIVIDUALS: We are living in a world and in a time when powerful leaders with millions of fanatical followers are committed to the forcible regimentation of their fellow men, according to formulas which have no initial authority but that of their own private dogmatism. They not only refuse to recognize the right of private thought and personal conscience to be considered in the management of public affairs, but they have abolished the concept of the individual as a private personality and have reduced him to the level of the bee in the hive. To restore the individual to his former dignity as a human being is the urgent need of the day.” - Martin ten Hoor, quoted in THE FREEMAN, under Ideas on Liberty. Date? – What is typical for territorial leadership is often quite atypical for exterritorially autonomous leadership over volunteers only. Individuals should be able to become their own kind of leaders, independent of any territorial leaders, laws, constitutions and jurisdictions. Under panarchism or polyarchism they would have this chance, since then they would be under personal laws only, together with all the volunteers they might be able to gather around them in their own societies, communities or competing (voluntary) governments. – The conscription into territorial States and tax slavery and subordination to millions of imposed laws and regulations must be ended. – It does also produce targets and motives for nuclear mass murder devices and thus threatens the survival of man. - JZ, 13.1.09. - VS. TERRITORIAL LEADERSHIP, FANATICISM, REGIMENTATION, DOGMATISM, IDEOLOGIES, NUCLEAR WAR THREAT

INDIVIDUALS: We hold that each man is the best judge of his own interest." - John Adams - SELF-INTEREST, SELFISHNESS, EGOISM, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY.

INDIVIDUALS: What difference can one man make? One man can always make a difference.” - W. To Quik, Handball, in ANALOG, 12/88, p. 123. - And sometimes he can make "the" difference - but hardly ever as a mere voting “cattle”. - JZ, 27.10.02.

INDIVIDUALS: What was ever, in great events, the work of many people at the same time? Oft it was only the work of one individual. – (Was ist je bei grossen Begebenheiten das Werk von vielen zugleich gewesen? Oft war es nur das Werk eines einzigen.) – G. C. Lichtenberg, Vermischte Schriften, II, 7: Politische Bemerkungen. - VS. MASSES, MAJORITY, CREATIVITY

INDIVIDUALS: Whatever little positive you can do - do it! - JZ, 27.5.88.

INDIVIDUALS: When you can't do as you would, you must do as you can.” - Anna Warner. - POWER, INFLUENCE, DUTY, OPTIONS, CHOICES

INDIVIDUALS: You don't matter if you think you don't.” - Harry Schulz, quoting a letter from a friend. - 10/87.

INDIVIDUALS: You may honour the whole but I can only respect the individual. Always I have seen the whole only in the individual.” – (Ehret ihr immer das Ganze, ich kann nur Einzelne achten.”) – (“Immer im Einzelnen nur hab' ich das Ganze erblickt.”) - Schiller, Gedichte: Das Ehrwuerdige. - VS. COLLECTIVISM, RESPECT, ENTITIES, HONOUR

INDIVIDUATION: Yet we are all of us attracted by the concept of individuation; and every man, unconsciously perhaps, is something of an anarchist at heart. Our dream is of a community where men will so respect the rights of others that there will be no need of a policeman to enforce those rights; of a land where virtue will be entirely voluntary and entirely successful. Most Socialists have a strong vein of anarchism …” - Ivor Brown, English Political Theory, Methuen, London, 1920, 132. In discussion of Herbert Spencer. – ANARCHISM, HUMAN RIGHTS

INDIVIDUATION: Yet we are all of us attracted by the concept of individuation; and every man, unconsciously perhaps, is something of an anarchist at heart. Our dream is of a community where men will so respect the rights of others that there will be no need of a policeman to enforce those rights; of a land where virtue will be entirely voluntary and entirely successful. Most Socialists have a strong vein of anarchism …” - Ivor Brown, English Political Theory, Methuen, London, 1920, p.132. In discussion of Herbert Spencer. - ANARCHISM

INDOLENCE: It is the common fate of the indolent to see their rights become a prey to the active. The condition upon which God hath given liberty to man is eternal vigilance; which condition if he break, servitude is at once the consequence of his crime and the punishment of his guilt.” - John Philpot Curran, "Election of Lord Mayor of Dublin," speech before the Privy Council, July 10, 1790. - The Speeches of the Right Honorable John Philpot Curran, ed. Thomas Davis, pp. 94-95 (1847). An early use of the words "eternal vigilance." Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, at least, lists this as the source of "eternal vigilance is the price of liberty" (15th ed., p. 397, footnote 8, 1980). But see also No. 1073. - All the more it is important that those who love their individual rights to arm, organize and train themselves in suitable ways for their protection. See: Militia - JZ, 26.11.02. - INACTIVITY, PASSIVITY, APATHY, RIGHTS & LIBERTY, RESISTANCE, OBEDIENCE, SUBMISSIVENESS, SLAVE MENTALITY, SUBORDINATION

INDUCTION: Induct, v. Abduct.” - L. A. Rollins, Lucifer's Lexikon. - CONSCRIPTION, SELECTED SERVITUDE, MILITARY SLAVERY, KIDNAPPING

INDULGENCES: Cling, therefore, to this sound and wholesome plan of life: indulge the body just so far as suffices for good health. It needs to be treated somewhat strictly to prevent it from being disobedient to the spirit. Your food should appease your hunger, your drink quench your thirst, your clothing keep out the cold, your house be a protection against inclement weather…” - Seneca, Letters, VIII, page 45. - BODILY NEEDS, LIVING

INDUSTRIAL ACTION: Industrial action" is a misnomer used to cover wilful stoppages or even anti-industrial actions, like sabotage and blocking access to jobs for "scabs", i.e., people still satisfied with job conditions that no longer satisfy the strikers. Scabs should be allowed to help heal wounds. - JZ, 16.11.95, 20.10.02. - COERCIVE UNIONISM, STRIKES

INDUSTRIAL ACTION: Non-industrial or anti-industrial actions would be a better term for e.g. most strikes. Voluntary loafing is involved rather than industriousness, breaches of contract rather than the keeping of promises, production stoppages rather than the continuance and increase of production. - JZ, 24.11.94. - Self-management, by owners or free contractors would stop most of this nonsense. They would not go on strike against themselves or their customers. They would also know that they would risk loosing many customers if they charged too much or did not serve them well enough. The whole employer-employee relationship and its industrial warfare and class warfare keeps us on the wrong tracks. - JZ, 19.10.02. - COERCIVE UNIONISM, STRIKES

INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY: both theoretical studies and workshop experience indicate that it is under democracy that “things get done”, and under hierarchical management that they do not get done – or at least not so efficiently.” - L. S. Stavrianos, The Promise of the Coming Dark Age, 1976, p. 59. – Provided, that work teams or ownership groups do not exceed the optimal size. – Within large enterprises group contracts and market relationships ought to be introduced as well. – JZ, 16.9.07. – Nevertheless, the employer-employee relationship has not yet been competed out of existence by genuine self-management and self-ownership systems. One of the reasons is that the possibilities of purchasing existing enterprises by their employees, on terms, have not yet been sufficiently publicized. – Far less have the present and the future owners of enterprises solved their sales problem, which can only be achieved under full monetary freedom. – JZ, 5.1.0. HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED ENTERPRISES, SELF-MANAGEMENT, PRODUCTIVE COOPERATIVES, SELF-MANAGEMENT, PURCHASE OF ENTERPRISES BY THEIR EMPLOYEES

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: The subject of "industrial relations" should be subdivided into pro-industrial and anti-industrial relations, at least as long as class warfare ideas, fallacies and institutions remain, which means, essentially, as long as the employer-employee relationship continues to dominate the field. - JZ, 24.6.86, 24.10.02. – SELF-MANAGEMENT, PRODUCTIVE COOPERATIVES, EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE SHAREHOLDING

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: The outstanding fact about the Industrial Revolution is that it opened an age of mass production for the needs of the masses. The wage earners are no longer toiling merely for other people's well being … They themselves are the main consumers of the products the factories turn out.” - Ludwig von Mises, Human Action, WAGES, LIVING STANDARD, MASS PRODUCTION, CAPITALISM

INDUSTRY & THE COUNTRY: The statement that aroused such fury among the collectivists - "What's good for General Motors is good for the country" - was true. And the reverse is also true: What's bad for industry is bad for the country.” - Ayn Rand, The Sanction of The Victims, p.152. (of ?)

INDUSTRY: Industry can't be statized, unionized, centrally planned, controlled or regulated without ceasing to be a optimally productive industry. It's just being turned into a counter-productive bureaucracy, if not soon altogether bankrupted and destroyed. - JZ, 28.6.92. - Sometimes the excessive wage or fee demands of tradesmen or specialists have done away with their trades or professions. I met once the last orthopaedic shoe-maker in Berlin. He lost his job, being replaced by quickly trained and partly skilled labourers, each of whom just did a small fraction of the total job - with the help of advanced machinery. The Berlin building labourers, who specialized on weatherproofing brick buildings with a layer of special mortar, also priced themselves largely out of a job by monopolizing it and artificially driving their union wages above the market value of their labour. Now most of their jobs are done by automated machines, doing the job much more cheaply. If government interventionism were not upheld by protective and monopolizing laws and subsidies out of compulsory taxation funds, it would soon be largely discontinued. Charitable contributions can only subsidize so much in lack of productivity. Even Architects may be on the way out, gradually being replaced by computer programs. The same might happen to doctors, dentists and barbers. There are not many ditch-diggers left. Competition should replace all over-priced and outdated services - and in the political, economic and social sytems spheres it also ought to play its role. - JZ, 25.10.02. - PLANNING, CONTROL, NATIONALIZATION, UNIONS, CENTRALIZATION, REGULATIONS, PANARCHISM, COMPETITION IN ALL SPHERES, PANARCHISM

INDUSTRY: Industry is the road to wealth and honesty to happiness; and he, who strenuously endeavours to pursue them both, may never fear the critic's lash or the sharp cries of penury and want.” - Oliver Goldsmith, The Bee, p.416. - Under monetary despotism, heavy taxation and other restrictions upon economic liberties, even the greatest industry and honesty cannot bring enough wealth to all people. On the contrary. Then the exploitation of others and dishonesty is often the road to riches - but only for relatively few people. Whatever prosperity we experience is largely due to the remaining liberties and the degrees of capital, good ideas and management that are applied. - Under full freedom we could achieve the same with much less effort or much more with the same effort. - JZ, 24.10.02.

INDUSTRY: Industry need not wish.” - Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanac, 1758. - WISHES, LABOUR, INDUSTRIOUSNESS

INDUSTRY: Keep your shop, and your shop will keep you.” - Saying quoted by Oliver Goldsmith, The Bee, p.416.

INDUSTRY: There exist limitless opportunities in every industry. Where there is an open mind, there will always be a frontier.” - Charles Kettering. - OPPORTUNITIES, FRONTIERS, OPEN MINDS

INEQUALITY: All sentient beings are created unequal. The best society provides each with an equal opportunity to float at his own level.” – Frank Herbert, The Dosadi Experiment, GALAXY, May 77, p. 23. – PANARCHISM, SOCIETY, INDIVIDUALISM.

INEQUALITY: Americans are so enamored of equality that they would rather be equal in slavery than unequal in freedom.” - Alexis de Tocqueville, "Democracy in America" (1835). – Inequality under freedom is preferable to equality under slavery. -JZ, n.d. - EQUALITY, SLAVERY & FREEDOM

INEQUALITY: But in any case, the only way of removing inequality directly is by redistribution, and redistribution, however subtly planned, slows down economic advance – nationally and internationally.” - Margaret Thatcher, Statecraft, 2002, HarperCollins, www.fireandwater.com. – p.440. - REDISTRIBUTION & ECONOMIC PROGRESS

INEQUALITY: Communism is inequality ... Communism is exploitation of the strong by the weak.” - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. - EQUALITY, EXPLOITATION, THE STRONG & THE WEAK, & COMMUNISM

INEQUALITY: Every man is odd.” - Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, iv, c. 1601. - Thus let all of them have their odd poltical, economic and social system preferences. Do not impose any. - JZ, 10.7.86. - INDIVIDUALISM, MAN, RIGHTS, LIBERTY, PANARCHISM, AUTONOMY, SELF-GOVERNMENT, VOLUNTARISM, PERSONAL LAW CHOICES

INEQUALITY: Everybody is inferior, on many points, to many people but he is also unique and superior, on many points, to many people, by birth, experience, training or thinking. - JZ, 18.7.93, 22.10.02. - SUPERIORITY, INFERIORITY, RACISM

INEQUALITY: everyone knows that the fingerprints of all persons are different. And these differences - these individualities, these inequalities - carry through all the physical, mental, and moral characteristics of mankind. … no person is like any other person; that is to say, … each person is an individual.” - Ben Moreell, THE FREEMAN, 7/78, p. 411. - INDIVIDUALITY

INEQUALITY: I am sure you do not doubt that intelligence is hereditary at least in that dogs are smarter than worms, apes are smarter than dogs, and men are smarter than apes. Why is it so difficult to believe that without one species, that one type has a genetic advantage in ability to perform certain tasks? Tall people can dunk basketballs usually better than short people (Spud Web aside). No one seriously questions that there are hereditary physical advantages and disadvantages, why not mental as well? Or will you claim that a gorilla can have a 150 IQ if only his environment is correct?” - Fritz Knese, THE CONNECTION 135, p.47. - OF MAN, GENES OR INHERITANCE VIA ENVIRONMENT & UPBRINGING

INEQUALITY: In a physical and material sense all men are naturally unequal.” – Clarence Manion, The Key to Peace, p.17. – In many other respects, too. No two human beings are quite alike. Not even twins are. – JZ, 20.9.08.

INEQUALITY: In nature there can never be two beings which are exactly alike.” - G. W. Leibniz, The Monadology, IX, 1714.

INEQUALITY: In republican governments, men are all equal; equal they are also in despotic governments: in the former, because they are everything; in the latter, because they are nothing.” - de Montesquieu. – Inequality in rights should be distinguished from inequality in abilities and possessions. – Equality in freedom, opportunities and liberties should be distinguished from equality in misery and oppression. – The equality the envious strive for should be distinguished from the equality the industrious strive for. - JZ, 13.1.09. - EQUALITY

INEQUALITY: It is a wise man who said that there is no greater inequality than the equal treatment of unequals.” – Source?

INEQUALITY: It is the nature of things to be unequal. One is worth twice, or five times, or ten, or a hundred, or a thousand, or ten thousand times as much as another. To think of them as equal is to upset the whole scheme of things. Who would make (*) shoes if big ones were of the same price as small ones?” - Mencius, Discourses, c. 300 B.C. – (*) big? – JZ.

INEQUALITY: It's not inequality that's the major problem, it's dependence.” - John Laws, John Law's Book of Uncommon Sense, Pan, 1995, p.76. - Alas, so many dependencies are never seriously questioned, e.g. that upon central banking, the capacities or incapacities of territorial organizations and those of the employer and employer relationship. - JZ, 18.4.00. - DEPENDENCE, INDEPENDENCE & ECONOMIC FREEDOM

INEQUALITY: men are created unequal.” - Robert Ardrey, The Social Contract, p.360.

INEQUALITY: Now, as individuals differed greatly from each other, in intelligence, sagacity, energy, perseverance, skill, habits of industry and economy, physical power, position and opportunity, the necessary effect of leaving all free to exert themselves to better their condition must be a corresponding inequality between those who might possess these qualities and advantages in a high degree, and those who may be deficient in them. The only means by which this result can be prevented are either to impose such restrictions on the exertions of those who might possess them in a high degree, as will place them on a level with those who do not; or to deprive them of the fruits of their exertions.  But to impose such restrictions on them would be destructive of liberty - while to deprive them of the fruits of their exertions would be to destroy the desire of bettering their condition.  It is, indeed, this inequality of condition between the front and the rear ranks, in the march of progress, which gives so strong an impulse to the former to maintain their position and to the latter to press forward into their files.” - John C. Calhoun. - INDIVIDUALS

INEQUALITY: Of course all people were created unequal and had to find their own level.” - Frank Herbert, The Dosadi Experiment, GALAXY, June 77, p. 23.

INEQUALITY: So far is it from being true that men are naturally equal, that no two people can be half an hour together, but one shall acquire en evident superiority over the other.” – Samuel Johnson – SUPERIORITY, ELITE

INEQUALITY: the Italian professor Pareto. He got very near to a scientific demonstration of the truth as held by most responsible people. He expressed in mathematical language a law which translated into more ordinary terms says: That inequality is natural, necessary and inevitable and promotes the well being of the whole.” - Ernest Benn, Honest Doubt, p.157. - VS. EQUALITY

INEQUALITY: The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.” - Aristotle, 384-322 B.C. - EQUALITY

INEQUALITY: Those who will not endure SOCIAL equality condemn themselves to suffer the POLITICAL variety in its place.” - L. Neil Smith, Converse and Conflict, p.99. - I would replace "social equality" by " social inequality". - JZ, 14.3.99. - EQUALITY

INEQUALITY: Though all men were made of one metal, yet they were not cast all in the same mold.” - Thomas Fuller.

INEQUALITY: Wherever there is great property, there is great inequality … for one very rich man, there must be at least five hundred poor.” - Adam Smith, 1723-1790. - There is great inequality in the willingness and ability to earn riches - for oneself and for one's children. Under freedom every poor prepared to work hard and intelligently could become rich. - In several ways many of the poor are already rich - without being aware of it and without controlling and utilizing these riches. - JZ, 9.7.92. - Their share in the assets now mismanged by bureaucrats can be very large. The savings of small savers in banks could already suffice, in some countries, to permit them to purchase all the controlling shares in all its share companies. (Germany by 1975.)  - Riches in knowledge, in ideas and talents are available to them or could be dug up, combined and utilized by them, if they bothered and could lead to unlimited riches for all who participate. The unemployed could also work towards monetary freedom to become permanently employed at whatever earnings their work would merit, payable in the competing sound monies of monetary freedom. Already the abolition of compulsory taxes and of regulations and their costs could make millions of people prosperous. - We are also unequal in our economic rights and liberties. In all too many countries they are extensively suppressed and that makes for wide-spread involuntary poverty. - Smith's conclusion does not follow at all. The other 500 may be simply less rich, which rather correspondes to much of our present reality, in relatively developed and free countries. Anyhow, to riches and poverty, as to intelligence and stupidity, height and weight of human beings etc., Pareto's Law of distribution applies. When people are quite free and sufficiently educated then only few are extremely rich and only few are extremely poor and the latter, also, mostly intentionally or through their own faults. - If people bothered to think and act reasonably then the poor could become rich and the rich could become richer. - JZ, 25.10.02. - RICHES, PROVERTY, PROPERTY, CAPITALISM

INERTIA, SOCIAL: there's always social inertia in everything - even technological advance.” - Isaac Asimov, Foundation's Edge, p.284. - Another version: “There is social and psychological intertia as well as physical intertia.” - Isaac Asimov, Prelude to Foundation, p.426. . – I find the delay in the full utilization of all technical advances even worse. By now all freedom writings could be compiled and cheaply offered on a single external HD. But, are they? – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFALLIBILITY ASSUMPTION: The persecuting spirit has its origin morally in the disposition of man to domineer over his fellow creatures; intellectually, in the assumption one's own opinions are infallibly correct.” - John Fiske. - Theodore Schroeder, compiler, “Free Press Anthology”, 1909, Sec. III, ”Laconics of Toleration and Free Inquiry.” – DOMINATION, TERRITORIALISM, UNIFORMITY SPLEEN, INTOLERANCE, PERSECUTION, DISSENT

INFALLIBILITY: Now, infallibility is not a human quality." - Henry Wickham Steed, A Way to Social Peace, 1933, p.67.

INFALLIBLE: Infallible, adj. Incapable of admitting error.” - L. A. Rollins, Lucifer's Lexikon.

INFERIORITY: No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” - Eleanor Roosevelt. Quoted Don Peretz Elkins, Glad To Be Me. - INSULTS, SLANDER, LIBEL, SELF-RESPECT, SELF-CONFIDENCE, UNDESERVED CRITICISM

INFERIORITY: People hate those who make them feel their own inferiority.” - Earl of Chesterfield. - SUPERIORITY, HATE

INFIDEL: Infidel: In New York, one who does not believe in the Christian religion; in Constantinopel, one who does.” - Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary. - ATHEIST, NON-BELIEVER, RELIGION, FAITHS, INTOLERANCE

INFLATION: A forger," writes Hutt, "does not contribute to the source of demands ..." - THE FREEMAN, 1/76, p.23. - Can one forge the OWN currency or just multiply it and get it accepted, nevertheless, via legal tender and the money issue monopoly? - JZ, 15.11.02. – If a central bank had severely under-supplied an economy with exchange media then a forger of its currency would not only do himself some good, if he is not caught and convicted, but also the whole economy, as long as his forged notes are readily accepted and bring about many needed exchanges. – But if an economy is already saturated or even over-supplied with exchange media then additional forged notes would have an inflationary effect because as long as they are not recognized as forgeries they do act as if they were still more legal tender monopoly money issued by the government or its central bank. - JZ, 13.1.09. FORGERY.

INFLATION: A handbook on popular fallacies on inflation with their best refutations is long overdue. An individual can hardly provide it because he or she would not have the time to sufficiently peruse all the nonsense written on this subject and to extract it for this purpose. The Internet could be effectively used for this purpose. It should be accompanied by a popularly written article on how to stop inflation's main cause: monetary despotism (the money issue monopoly combined with legal tender: forced acceptance and forced value) and how prevent it for the future by the introduction of full monetary freedom. - Collaborators for this project are wanted by me. I really wonder whether the false notions on this subjects are numbered merely in the hundreds or in the thousands, if not tens of thousands. Only extensive collaboration can determine that. – From Notes towards an INTRODUCTION for such a handbook, written many years ago: Seeing the inflation of “garbage” articles on inflation and the difficulty to sift through the welter of conflicting viewpoints, it is about time that an encyclopaedic approach is undertaken. Without sufficient publicity, showing the real market value of deteriorated opinions on inflation, the bad views will flood and overpower the sound ones. Among a crowd of idiots, shouting at the top of their voices, a wise man will presently not be heard. The remnant of enlightened economists and students of money would get their chance via such a handbook. The wrong views, although numerous, would be cancelled out. Truthful or so far un-refuted statements on inflation could be specially marked. Other markings would indicate all the popular views that have long been refuted as such. But they would be reproduced in full - and with all their best refutations. - Government or central bank propaganda on money is often comparable (given the statist mentality) to giving legal tender power to flawed or false views on inflation (bad "money" status) and thus it drives out the scarce truths advanced by a few (the good "money" or views) through numerous untruths, advanced by the many at most occasions, especially in the mass media. Something like the popular version of Gresham's Law is here involved. Thus we ought to get a sufficiently informed free market and market rating on inflation views into operation, one that would systematically and permanently operate to publicly confront , rate and refute the errors, lies, wrong premises, dogmas and myths in this sphere: It would be something like a breach for the truths on inflation if the strong walls of the citadel or domineering castle of monetary despotism, the national central bank. The handbook should enable every lover of liberty to hold his own in any public discussion with any advocate of monetary despotism, at least as far as inflation is concerned. Extended, into a general handbook on monetary freedom, it might similarly deal with other monetary freedom aspects, opinions, arguments ideas and proposals and with all relevant and provable facts. - EDITORIAL NOTE & PUBLISHING SUGGESTIONS: The first draft for such a manuscript, provided perhaps by a single person or a few, could become tested and perfected in public debates, like Beta Testing on the Internet for new software. In this hundreds, even thousands could participate with the bits of truths they are able to contribute to this debate. Everybody is a victim of inflation. Everybody who can, should therefore try to contribute to such a handbook. We should develop new and better arguments, collect more relevant facts and submit them to a central compilation and editing office. It does not matter if the same ideas are expressed repeatedly in different words. The sorting out and cutting down of the length of the text could come later and even for this the readership of each version of improved drafts could be invited to add its comments and evaluations. Towards the end, when the draft is already sufficiently advanced and edited, and to the extent that it is wanted in expensive printed copies, advance subscriptions could be invited. For cheap editions on microfiche, floppy disks, text-only CD-s and on-line editions, no advance subscriptions would be needed. Almost everyone would be able to afford them. Short and popular versions of the handbook and pamphlet and leaflets indicating its essence, should also be drafted and published, by anyone game to try. Bets might be offered on certain views of inflation, on whether they could be publicly either proven or disproven. If anyone could prove to me that in essence my own views on inflation are quite wrong, I would gladly pay him or her A $ 100 - but I doubt that anyone would be able to make me lose that bet. But, the avalanche of wrong opinions on the subject is so large that I do not feel confident enough that I would be able to refute all of them and this thoroughly for any particular individual, i.e., I would not be prepared to bet even $ 10 that I could convince a single individual of them, i.e. that I could clear out the Augean Stables in his mind (on this subject) first and effectively and then implant in his mind, successfully, a new and clean foundation for his general acceptance of monetary freedom views. Such results can only be guaranteed by a combined educational effort - like e.g. the cooperation required to produce this kind of handbook. Are there enough moral and rational dissenters among the freedom lovers to independently collaborate in the provision of such an encyclopaedia? Will they be prepared to forego any copyrights claims on their contributions? Any rightful resistance against monetary despotism must first be preceded by a period of sufficient enlightenment. Knowledge must precede actions - otherwise the same mistakes will be repeated over and over again. - JZ, n.d. & 24.3.97. - Wouldn't it be nice if bets on the correctness or incorrectness of certain monetary ideas or arguments could become as popular as the betting on horse and dog races, which do not decide any questions of considerable importance to mankind? - JZ, 30.8.02, 14.9.13. - PROVISION OF A HANDBOOK OF POPULAR FALLACIES ON INFLATION & THEIR BEST REFUTATIONS SO FAR FOUND OR FORMULATED

INFLATION: A little inflation is just like a little pregnancy. It keeps on growing.” - Joke on radio, 13/1/71. - Well, here I am for abortion! - JZ, 18.2.83. - JOKES

INFLATION: a permanent policy of not paying our debts.” - Ralph Bradford, THE FREEMAN, 11/75, p.665. - Or, rather, pretending to pay - with newly issued forced and depreciated currency! - JZ - Or only partly and nominally paying them, through depreciated currency forced upon the creditor at its nominal value, i.e., not offered at a discount, at its market rate, up to the full value of one’s debt. - JZ, 15.11.02, 13.1.09 

INFLATION: A popular but wrong notion has it that the private deposit and credit system acts itself in an inflationary way and that it could do so, on its own. This ignores that for inflations an issue monopoly and legal tender power are required. Deposits and credits do not increase the quantity of money in circulation but, at most, multiply turnovers via more clearing transactions. In the absence of legal tender (forced acceptance and forced nominal value) and while sound alternative value standards are freely used, prices expressed in them are not affected by increased amounts of deposits and of credits. Simply more turnovers may be thus achieved and this might even lead to price reductions, expressed in sound value standards. - Price increases or decreases on the goods side or due to temporary speculation and hoarding attempts, are not permanent but temporary. They soon lead to corresponding price falls – and price increases - reckoned in sound value standards. They may indicate dearness from the goods-side but not inflation from the monetary side. Or cheapness from the goods side but not caused from the monetary side. - Wherever, as long and to the extent that clearing occurs, which is using a sound value standard, no inflationary effect does occur or can occur. That applies to any payments carried on in book accounts, via bank-passports, bank accounts, or bank computers, too. But forcing all people to use a governmental and legal tender paper value standard, one frequently or almost constantly depreciated by the government (its legalized central banking monetary despotism), involves all private transactions in the depreciation of this paper standard, too. But the private non-cash or clearing transactions themselves, just like barter transactions, do not depreciate this depreciating value standard further than it depreciates through its own flaws. If a government currency became totally worthless because no one would accept it any longer, then it would, indeed, be extremely depreciated, down to zero. But not these refusals should be blamed for this but its inherent wrongs and flaws. – Sound value reckoning and exchanges, using other exchange media, clearing avenues and value standards, could go on under full monetary freedom, with much better results than could be achieved before, under monetary despotism. For instance, I would not depreciate the government's paper currency when I clear e.g., paper $ 10 worth of my apples against paper $ 10 worth of your potatoes. - Naturally, the government as the culprit for every inflation, tends to blame everyone and everything - except itself. However, if all managed to settle all their transactions by clearing or private optional note issues and if all used in these transactions a more reliable value standard than most governments are able or willing to supply, then the government's "value standard" and its paper money would become worthless because they would be ignored or refused, i.e. their inherent worthlessness would be revealed. Government's inflationary paper money issues, like other forms of government spending, based on taxation or forced loans or "investments" in future tax slaves, is entirely despotic and parasitical. That is its own flaw. It cannot rightly blame its inherent worthlessness on other and quite sound exchange media, clearing avenues and value standards. - JZ, 3/97.

INFLATION: a real increase in ONE price has nothing to do with inflation, which is an increase of ALL prices, i.e. a fall in the VALUE OF MONEY! - Enoch Powell, in GOOD GOVERNMENT, 6/75.

INFLATION: a repressed inflation is even worse than an open inflation.” - F. A. Hayek: Economic Freedom and Representative Government, p.9. 

INFLATION: A slow inflation is necessary to provide full employment.” - Popular and "expert" opinion. - That has been tried, under monetary despotism, for decades and has led only to many fast inflations and a permanent degree of unemployment and, sometimes, to massive unemployment rates - presently totalling  ca. 1 billion unemployed and underemployed. - You really want more of the same for the next few decades? - JZ, 6.4.97. - SLOW INFLATION TO ACHIEVE FULL EMPLOYMENT? 

INFLATION: A whole people goes bankrupt.” – (Ein ganzes Volk geht pleite.) - Werner Mitsch. - The debtors don't go bankrupt, at least not immediately. They are given the chance to rid themselves of much to most of their debts, by paying them with the depreciated money at its nominal value, i.e., at the expense of the creditors. Since the debtors are also creditors in many way (e.g as wage or salary recipients) they do also lose some purchasing power at the same time. Moreover, while inflation persists they will find it rather hard to get further and sufficient credit. Evils like this ought to be at least as carefully considered as chess moves in an important game of chess. - JZ, 5.7.92, 25.10.02.

INFLATION: ABC FM news report, 4.9.98: “Continuing pressure on the Russian Ruble.” No external force was exerted upon the Russian Ruble, except, naturally, that in response to its further inflation, in other countries, where its monopoly and legal tender power do not apply, it did get further depreciated. The wrongful pressure that was exerted upon it was all legally produced in Russia, by giving its central bank the monopoly to issue notes for the whole country and, furthermore, giving this monopoly money legal tender power, i.e. forced acceptance and a forced value – and then putting the note-printing presses into operation, pressing or printing still more legal tender paper money, almost without any limits and, certainly, beyond those limits at which the Russian Ruble would have been readily accepted if it were not monopoly money and had no legal tender power. The only real pressure on the Russian Ruble was that of its note printing presses. Otherwise the “pressure” involved was the legal tender and monopoly power of the Ruble on the Russian people, still subjected to monetary totalitarianism, just like the people in the supposedly free western countries are. - When freedom of speech and press exists largely only for as ignorant journalists then how much enlightenment through the media can one expect? – While the whole of Russia was turned into a high-pressure area for the legal tender monopoly money and artificial vacuum was created regarding alternative sound exchange media and value standards. – Are all kinds of language abuses at important information clearing centers excusable and tolerable? - JZ, 2.9.08. – DIS.

INFLATION: According to Ulrich von Beckerath, inflation is that excess of circulating money which is forced into circulation - through legal tender and the issue monopoly - beyond that amount of its total possible circulation at which, in the absence of legal tender and the issue monopoly, it would no longer be accepted at all or not at par with its nominal value. All other attempts to prevent or end inflation than by the removal of this monopoly and coercion (compulsory acceptance and forced value) are in vain. In the presence of this monetary despotism it is even impossible to measure accurately and fast enough the point at which the saturation point for exchange media is reached and beyond which monetary inflation sets in. - JZ, 14.4.97. – Free market pricing and free enterprise and consumer sovereignty are needed in this sphere as well. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: All lasting inflations of the general price level in a whole country do occur and can occur only under the communist, collectivist and despotic system of an exclusive currency with forced acceptance and forced value (legal tender power), against which the sellers of goods, services and labour have no other defence left than to increase their prices, charges and wages or salaries. Alas, those depending on fixed incomes, only nominally accounted and paid for in the depreciated currency, are, as a rule, not given such an option. At most they can, in future, avoid to make such investments, if they still have some earnings that they could invest. - JZ, 9.10.93, 1.5.97.

INFLATION: Although inflation is a vicious form of taxation, it may even be popular because its effects are rarely understood. There are the beneficiaries of inflation who sing loud praises of 'easy money' and 'credit expansion'. The government and its economists even invent complex theories and doctrines in support of inflationary policies. For inflation boosts government revenue and permits politicians to spend more money than they can raise by taxes. Inflation also repudiates government debt as it reduces its purchasing power. In this respect it is a silent tax on all creditors and money-holders.” – Dr. Hans Sennholz. Inflation or Gold Standard? P.7.

INFLATION: an enormous siphoning off of accumulated capital assets by diluting the medium of exchange - inflation!” – Leonard E. Read: Talking to Myself, p.96. - The dilution is done coercively, via legal tender, and legal tender also supports the second precondition for this abuse: an exclusive currency or issue monopoly. - JZ, 18.2.83, 14.9.13. 

INFLATION: An inflation is not necessarily progressive and runs the full course towards almost complete depreciation. It can be kept within certain bounds. - In spite of strong political pressures to continue an inflation, once begun and to dispense and take larger and larger doses of this "drug", to achieve the same effect and in spite of the remaining deflationary pressures demanding relief by further money issues, not all inflations have run the full course. Many have been stopped before that. For instance, in Germany, after 3 inflations in this century, the 4th inflation, since 1948, has been kept mostly to low annual percentages and, for some years even, no further inflation took place. Too many remembered the past experiences with large-scale inflations during and after WW I, that by the Nazis and that by the occupation forces, from 1945 - 1948. Alas, all too often inflations have only been stopped or reduced at the “price” of a deflation, with mass unemployment. The soft option, stopping it without causing even temporary mass unemployment, is still held to be impossible, even by most libertarians who are interested in at least aspects of monetary freedom. I have shortly described that option in PEACE PLANS 19b: The Soft Option: Monetary Freedom to Stop Inflation without Causing Unemployment, 1976, 16 pp. It is one of the numerous topics still insufficiently discussed among libertarians, in spite of their significance. -JZ, 3.4.97. - PROGRESSIVE INFLATION, GALLOPING INFLATION, LIMITED INFLATION, CONTROL OF INFLATION

INFLATION: An inflation tends to demoralise those who gain by it even more than those who lose by it. The gainers become used to an "unearned increment". They want to keep their relative gains ....” - Henry Hazlitt: Inflation, p.131.

INFLATION: And, above all, the losses which inflation inflicts on millions of people breed a political and economic radicalism that tends to destroy our private property order.” – Dr. Hans Sennholz, Inflation or Gold Standard? p.18.

INFLATION: Any country, if it wishes, can insulate itself from inflation abroad by allowing its exchange rate to move to offset that inflation.” - "Milton Friedman in Australia", 1975, p.58/59. - But he still opposes competing and private currencies internally ( and externally ) with free market rates between them and between them and accepted or agreed upon value standards! - JZ 18.2/83. - Anyhow, no "country" can wish or do anything, because it is not an entity. - JZ, 15.11.02. - & EXCHANGE RATES, FREELY FLOATING EXCHANGE RATES 

INFLATION: Apart from prices it drags everything down.” – (Ausser Preisen setzt sie alles herab.) - Ron Kritzfeld. - It does also increase unemployment, in its rapid stage, and taxes (at least for a while, putting people into higher rates of progressive taxation) - and increases political unrest and poverty, despotism and the risk of war. Debtors are enriched by it to the extent that it wipes out their debts. - Anyhow, reckoned not in the inflated currency but in sound currencies, it actually decreases prices. - JZ, 25.10.02.

INFLATION: As Germany did in the 1920's, the State can make inflation and repudiation synonymous; it can inflate for the purpose of repudiation. This is what is called "uncontrolled" inflation, another impostor term. There is really no such thing as "uncontrolled" or "run away" inflation, because the printing presses do not run themselves; somebody must start and keep them going until the desired end, the wiping out of the national debt, is accomplished. The disadvantage of this process, as against outright repudiations, is that in wiping out the debt it also wipes out the values which the citizens have laboriously built up; it wipes out savings .....” - Frank Chodorov, Out of Step, p.175. - This inflation started with the war (when metallic redemption was repealed) and was planned in the Banking Enquete of 1908, which led to the introduction of legal tender from the 1.1.1910. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: As the government continues to uphold the legislation, which makes inflation possible (central banking and legal tender legislation), I can no longer believe that its inflation is unintentional. - JZ, 75. - They cannot be that ignorant and stupid - or can they really be? - JZ, 3.11.02.

INFLATION: Because governments cause inflation, they can stop inflation. (*) Prices and wages can rise only if there is extra money to pay the higher costs. If the government did not inflate the currency, prices and wages would not rise.” - Maxwell Newton - (*) Because inflated paper money also depends on acceptance, people can stop inflation by ignoring or defying legal tender and refusing to accept it or discounting it down to its market value! - In the last stages of a galloping inflation they often do. However, a monetary revolution should be organized much earlier - to prevent inflations and deflations in the first place. - JZ, n.d. & 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Bring down the high cost of Fighting Inflation!” - A MAD Sticker! - Do it with the stroke of a pen! Repeal Legal Tender and the Note-issue monopoly of the Central Bank! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Britain is a land of funny money, and no one can keep a financial promise because the medium of exchange is no longer a standard of value or a store of value.” - H. S. Ferns: The Disease of Government, p.128. – After a while inflated money is not so funny any more! – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Business and farm leaders would follow the union men to the White House within the next few days to help plan a system of wage-and-price stabilisation measures which, Mr Nixon said yesterday, would ensure that ‘America is not again inflicted by the virus of runaway inflation.’" - THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 11.9.71. - Was he really as stupid, dishonest or misinformed? - JZ - FEVER, INFLATION AN INFECTIVE VIRUS?

INFLATION: But in time even an accelerative rate of inflation is not enough. Expectations, which at first lagged behind the actual rate of inflation, begin to move ahead of it. So costs often rise faster than final prices. Then inflation actually has a depressing effect on business.” - Henry Hazlitt, THE FREEMAN, 3/75. - Deflationary effects of inflation become particularly obvious once prices race ahead of the capacity of the note printing presses, in expectation of further large degrees of money depreciation. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: By a continuous process of inflation, governments can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens. By this method, they not only confiscate, but they confiscate arbitrarily; and while the process impoverishes many, it actually enriches some. ... The process engages all of the hidden forces of economic law on the side of destruction, and does it in a manner that not one man in a million can diagnose.” - John Maynard Keynes, Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1920. - And then he proceeded to advocate a small percentage inflation of exclusive and forced currencies for every year - and found numerous believers and followers, especially among the governments of the world and their "experts", for decades. - JZ, 26.3.04.

INFLATION: By November 1923 notes denominated 100 Billion Reichsmarks, were, apparently, the biggest denomination note issued, according to the guides for collectors that I have seen. One mentioned that this note was then worth about 7 UK pounds. – (And this pound was also already inflated!) "Workers were paid twice daily & given time to go shopping before the value was further eroded by inflation." Not only the Reichsbank issued large denominations. The money shortage, in relation to the inflated prices, which were expressed in the inflated money, anticipating further inflation, was so large that numerous others issued emergency currencies, also, mostly in Reichsmark denominations, thus participating in the inflation of the Reichsmark while trying to reduce its deflationary effects. But some, like the Reichsbahn and Farbwerke Hoechst, did later issue emergency monies on a stable value basis. This and secessionist aspirations were two of the factors that finally forced the Reichsbank to discontinue its paper money inflation. - JZ, 25.4.97. - Initially many of the emergency money issues were only for small change, which was in short supply by the Reichsbank. But soon these issues followed the depreciation of the paper Reichsmark and thus they were also issued in large denominations, although, probably, not in as large ones as those which the Reichsbank got printed for itself and forced upon the public. - JZ, 8.9.02. - GERMAN INFLATION OF 1914-23

INFLATION: Capitalism drives prices up." - Popular opinion. - In unjust discrimination leftist people tend to blame capitalism or private corporations for almost everything and State Socialism for almost nothing. What is true is that capitalism, with its private enterprises and corporations drives up e.g. wages for skilled labour to their highest level, precisely by supplying them not only with training but also with much capital. Only unskilled labour, unwilling to learn enough, and easily and cheaply replaced by machines, will have to satisfy itself with lower wages as a result of a kind of referendum among the consumers, whose will is found out by entrepreneurs. But even while it does increase wages of those able and willing to handle advanced tools and machines, it is blamed for paying starvation or exploitation wages. The fact that demand for labour is generally, quite artificially and legally, limited by the note issue monopoly, remains widely ignored. By developing markets and to the extent that it is really free (and this requires monetary and financial freedom, as well, which statists are not willing to concede or promote) it does, indeed, achieve the highest prices producers - including employees - can achieve on their internal and the world market. But it does not allow them to charge monopolistic high prices because it does not permit legal monopolies but rather introduces maximum competition - provided only it introduces monetary and financial freedom, as well. Without these it is an incomplete capitalism or a still restricted market, with unfree private enterprises. Wherever its production is quite competitive, e.g. in the production of cheap nylon stockings, ball point pens and digital watches, it has, obviously, driven prices down to their lowest possible level, even when reckoned in already much depreciated paper money. The latter indicates that capitalism is not fully operative but that statism still mismanages its forced and monopolistic exchange medium and value standard. - JZ, 24.3.97. – Yesterday, at the Big WW at Mittagong, I bought a stack of 50 exercise books, lined, for only 1 cent each! – The cheapest I found previously were 48 pages and cost me 3 cents each. – Now I am probably as cheaply provided with them for the rest of my life. - JZ, 13.1.09. - GREED, INTEREST, PROFIT, MONOPOLY, CAPITALISM, MONETARY DESPOTISM, CENTRAL BANKING, LEGAL TENDER, DIS., PRICES

INFLATION: Competition holds the cure for inflation: Let the good money drive out the bad. Repeal legal tender. - JZ, free after: “Competition held cure for Inflation" - by Robert E. Wood, LOS ANGELES TIMES, Aug. 5, 1974.

INFLATION: Compulsory money - compulsory inflation. - D. Z., 75.

INFLATION: Corrupt a currency and you get a corruption of all moral standards and a dictatorship to the same extent. - JZ - This corruption starts with the corruption already expressed in the laws of monetary despotism: An exclusive and forced currency, with compulsory acceptance and a forced value. - JZ, 15.11.02, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Credit itself is never inflationary, no more so than clearing is. Credit is just the present value of a future good. - JZ

INFLATION: differs from counterfeiting in two respects: (1) Inflation is legal and (2) the dilution is by the Federal Government rather than by individuals.” - Leonard E. Read, Talking to Myself, p.129. – LEGAL TENDER, ISSUE MONOPOLY, CENTRAL BANKING 

INFLATION: Each unit of a value standard is not deteriorated as more units of the exchange medium are issued - unless both are coercively combined (as is now the case) through legal tender. - JZ, 13.6.79. – And, indirectly, through the money issue monopoly, which leaves people no other choice than resort to the despotic and depreciated government money for their monetary exchanges. - JZ, 15.1.09. - QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY

INFLATION: Even the pound sterling is not so sterling any more. – JZ, 24.10.05. – The gold marks and gold pounds have long disappeared from circulation, The paper dollars are worth far less than former gold- or silver dollars and the further deterioration of all governmental currencies goes on and on, although Keynesianism has long been disproved. Governments lack no motives to further abuse their money issue monopoly and their legal tender power and are always ready to blame others for the consequences of their own monetary abuses. – JZ, 24.10.07. - DEFLATION, PAPER MONEY, MONETARY DESPOTISM, FORCED & EXCLUSIVE CURRENCIES, LEGAL TENDER, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY,

INFLATION: Every time the government creates extra money, it in effect steals from every one of us. It is the greatest con ever invented - how to commit a robbery without actually touching the money. It leaves us with our money, but steals its value.” – John Singleton with Bob Howard: Rip Van Australia, p.134. - The money is "touched" by the government: Firstly by the legally imposed note issue monopoly, then by it giving its paper money legal tender (forced value plus forced acceptance) and thirdly by making use of these powers and multiplying its paper money by printing more and more of it. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Everybody is against inflation but everybody is in favour of the things that produce inflation, and what people don't realise is the connection between them.” - Milton Friedman in Australia, 1975, p.76. - Perhaps, if Milton Friedman had come out in 1975 against legal tender and any privilege for any central bank, then many countries would already be without inflation and deflation by now. Alas, he belongs to the people he condemns in his above expression. No one had a better press on the subject - and no one else has so messed up a great opportunity. His half-truths are the enemy of the full truth on the subject. - He does not want the abolition of the mismanagement of currency but just less and a different kind of mismanagement of a still exclusive and coercive currency, which he considers to be proper or scientific management. That is as absurd a view as the other popular one of our times, that nuclear weapons would do some good - if only they are in the right hands! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Excessive government spending can never be curbed in the face of excessive demands on government.” – Leonard E. Read: Having My Way, XI. - Repeal Legal Tender and the Central Bank monopoly and the government can no longer over-spend! - JZ, n.d. - Anyhow, the printing and passing around of requisitioning certificates or uncovered cheques does not amount to "spending". - JZ, 15.11.02. – There is a simple answer to excessive demands: NO! But those legally provided with taxation and inflation powers are disinclined to give this simple reply. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Exchange media that are not monopoly money and legal tender but competitively issued and accepted and free market rated, discountable and refusable, but, nevertheless, are issued and accepted at par at their nominal value, by their initial and subsequent acceptors, because these do know that they can be immediately used against their issuer at par for daily wanted consumer goods and services, are not depreciated or discountable to any large extent in their local circulation sphere, especially when all the details of their issue and reflux are also made public. – This is the case regardless of the quantity of them that are issued and so accepted. More of them, a larger circulation of them, merely means then that more exchanges of goods and services have taken place or will soon take place at free market prices, also determined in sound and self-chosen or individually accepted value standards for their prices and for these competing exchange media. To that extent the Quantity Theory of money does not apply to them. – JZ, 27.9.08. – QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY, LEGAL TENDER, ISSUE MONOPOLY & MONETARY FREEDOM

INFLATION: Fight inflation - drive over public servants.” - Car sticker, seen 6/80. - JOKES

INFLATION: For example, between 1960 and 1991, when President Menem launched Argentinia's currency-board reform, inflation struck seventeen zeros off successive versions of Argentine currency. If all the wealth of the world had been converted into Argentine Pesos in 1960 and buried, it would not have been worth the effort to spade it up by 1991.” - James Dale Davidson & William Rees-MOGG, The Sovereign Individual, MacMillan, & Simon & Schuster, 1997, pp.202. - BY GOVERNMENTS

INFLATION: For sheer hypocrisy, nothing can beat the nerve of politicians who constantly permit the government to spend (*) beyond its means, and then blame the resulting inflation on the 'greediness' of its citizens.” - Jesse Helms, (Sen. N.C.), When Free Men Shall Stand, a paperback Zondervan. – Did he demand the repeal of the government’s money issue monopoly and of the legal tender laws? Also the repeal of tax slavery and government loans based upon tax slavery? – If he did not, then he was not writing about quite free men. - (*) If I succeeded in passing uncovered cheques, would this be "spending" on my side? - JZ, n.d. & 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Forced value and forced acceptance as well as a monopoly for the issue of a currency makes its depreciation not only possible but likely. – JZ, 14.7.03. – Usually, these privileges for a national currency are introduced and maintained with the intention to depreciate it, rather than keep it at its original value, in order to impose the inflation tax, as one that causes the least opposition. – JZ, 5.1.09. - CURRENCY DEPRECIATION, LEGAL TENDER, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, CENTRAL BANKING, MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: Full employment and an economy without crises cannot be achieved through inflation and other money depreciations. They lead, on the contrary, to unemployment and the ruin even of big enterprises. But they can be achieved by the abolition of all monopolies and privileges and all obstacles exchanges.” – K. H. Z. Solneman (K. H. Zube) Drei Kernforderungen zur Vermoegensverteilung, S. 23. - MONETARY DESPOTISM, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT

INFLATION: Fully freed competition against central banks is the only way to rapidly stop inflation, stagflation, depressions, credit restrictions and involuntary mass unemployment. - JZ, 31.10.01, 26.8.02. - CENTRAL BANKING, FREE BANKING & MONETARY FREEDOM

INFLATION: G. W: Mr Powell, in your view what are the main causes of the world-wide inflation we are suffering? – E. P: You might as well say we are suffering from world-wide ADULTERY. Inflation is the fall in value of currency, and currencies are national!” - Enoch Powell, - GOOD GOVERNMENT, 6/75. - He should have added that none of them should be imposed, neither upon the world nor upon a nation, nor upon any individual, but that, instead, all of them should be private, optional, market rated and competitive! – A currency does not just “fall” by itself. It takes an issue monopoly and legal tender power and their wilful abuse to achieve that. This abuse would be prevented by the repeal of these legalized powers. – Just like most aggressive wars would be prevented by depriving territorial governments of all their decision-making monopoly powers on wars and their preparation and conduct. - JZ, 18.2.83, 15.11.02, 19.1.09. – DECISION-MAKING MONOPOLIES, COERCIVE POWERS & PRIVILEGES

INFLATION: G. W.:’ Finally, Mr. Powell, what, in your view, should be the legitimate role of government in the control of inflation?’ - E. P.: ‘TO STOP CAUSING IT!’ - Enoch Powell, quoted in GOOD GOVERNMENT, 6/75, from MANAGEMENT FORUM, a new periodical from the University of New England. – Alas, he still did not clearly point out how they were able to do this, whilst no one else could, namely be legally prescribing a monopoly for money issue by their central bank and giving it legal tender power, i.e. forced acceptance and a forced and fictitious value. – JZ, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: Government alone is strictly accountable for inflation because government alone determines the money supply.” – Dr. Hans Sennholz, Inflation or Gold Standard? p.28. – Should it be, furthermore, allowed to do so? Should we have to remain its involuntary victims? – JZ, 13.1.09. – He, too, at least here, failed to point out that it could do so only through a legalized issue monopoly and legal tender power of this currency. Without both no one could cause an inflation. With these wrongful powers anybody could, who had these powers. – JZ, 15.9.13. – MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, LEGAL TENDER OR FORCED ACCEPTANCE AT A FORCED VALUE, FORCED CURRENCIES

INFLATION: government is the direct and sole CAUSE of inflation.” - Libertarian Option, I/75. - I would add: through legal tender legislation and its legalized money issue monopoly. - JZ, 1/76, 13.1.09. - Government does not cause anything through its mere existence but only through its wrongful actions, laws, constitutions, coercions, penalties and obstructions. - JZ, 15.11.02. - Even under some of the worst kinds of territorial governments inflations did not always happen. It requires also the worst kinds of monetary and currency laws, and then their abuse, under the pretence that this would be in the "public interest'. - JZ, 15.1.09.

INFLATION: Governments force you into participating in the depreciation of their paper currencies by a) legal tender, b) their money issue monopoly, c) their outlawry of value preserving clauses in contracts, d) by misdirecting savings, pension- and insurance funds into government "insecurities". - JZ, 10.7.91. – GOVERNMENT COERCION, COMPULSION & FRAUD

INFLATION: governments resort to inflation when tax rates have been pushed beyond the point of maximum returns...” - View ascribed to Mises, in B. B. Greaves' bibliography, p.100. – They can resort to it only under the money issue monopoly and with legal tender power, neither of which should ever be granted them and both should be repealed or ignored a.s.a.p. – JZ, 13.1.09. – GOVERNMENTS, TAXATION, MONETARY DESPOTISM, LEGAL TENDER MONOPOLY MONEY 

INFLATION: Grands are no longer grand - due to grand larceny by the government. - JZ

INFLATION: Groseclose notes that if people can't respect a government's money, they are likely to lose respect for all its other institutions.” – SOUTHERN LIBERTARIAN MESSENGER, 5/79. - In other words: Inflation is a libertarian opportunity! - JZ, 9.6.82. - If one can interest "libertarians" in its real cause and cure! - JZ, 18.2.83. – Alas, the inflations used to finance wars and “Welfare” States seem to have increased rather than reduced statism. The advocates of full monetary freedom are still all too few and far in-between. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Help to stabilise the currency - by spreading the idea of the right to refuse acceptance of deteriorated currency and to issue or accept, instead, alternative, sound and competitive private issues of free market monies, all without legal tender and thus inflation-proof. – They would all be optional only and market rated and only their issuers would always to accept them at their nominal value, just like tickets to wanted services. This is what would give them their value at par with their nominal value, in most cases, at least in their local circulation area. Elsewhere they might get a foreign exchange discount, which would help to bring them back, relatively fast, to their issuers. That readiness-to accept-foundation can consist of lots of different and wanted consumer goods or services, not only and exclusively of gold coins or gold bullion, as all too limited historical knowledge and imagination suggests still to all too many, but of all kinds of wanted consumer goods and services, ready for sale and priced out e.g. in gold weight units or in any other agreed-upon value standard. – Those, who insist that they ought to be redeemable in gold coins do have an all too limited imagination and knowledge of the history of money issues, e.g. that of token money issues, bus- and railway monies. Nowadays we could also have e.g. telephone- and Internet-connection-service monies, not only petrol-, oil-, electricity-, gas-monies or monies for water and sewage services. The most important local currencies will be those with local shop foundation, by an association of local shops, which could easily keep the balance between the quantity of the wanted goods and services and the total of goods warrants and service vouchers, all in convenient monetary denominations, with which all their goods and services could be bought. The issue and reflux of all the monies of monetary freedom would be self-regulating, just like the issue and reflux of e.g. cinema and theatre tickets. The same is true for any value standards which are freely and contractually chosen for all kinds of free exchange contracts. -– Free choice for exchange media, value standards and clearing options, i.e. all kinds of payments. No legalized monopoly or privilege for any of them. - JZ, 75, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: History is largely inflation engineered by government.” - Hayek: Denationalization of Money, p.27. – This “engineering” consisted in passing the laws that made it possible to inflate national currencies (the issue monopoly and legal tender power for it) and refusing to see the connection and to repeal these laws. – JZ, 13.1.09, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: How many billions of US dollars of the value of all capital securities, which promise payment in legal tender monopoly money are now destroyed in the world, every year, through inflation? – JZ, 22.5.05. – One might say that what the creditors lose the debtors would win. However, are most of the debtors capital investors, financing economic progress, and does inflation encourage creditors to furthermore grant productive credits to debtors? – JZ, 29.10.07. - CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CREDITORS & DEBTORS, Q.

INFLATION: However, the effects of currency inflation are not even. Some people benefit - at the expense of others. (*) People whose selling prices (incomes) rise first can make purchases before there is a general rise in prices; people whose selling prices (incomes) rise last (or not at all) must make purchases after there has been a general rise in prices. The people in the first group benefit at the expense of the people in the second.” - Maxwell Newton, WORKERS PARTY NEWSLETTER, 6/75. - (*) Also only in the short run. Creditors become wary of being paid back in inflated money and where will debtors get credit then? – The debtors themselves, to the extent that they are creditors, too, e.g. as wage and salary recipients, are also harmed by inflation. - JZ, 15.11.02, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: I really never have confused myself with God. So I can't cure inflation. Who the hell do I think I am? I do what I can." - Alfred Kahn, Chief of President Carter's Anti-Inflation Program. - INQUIRY, June 11 & 25, 1979, p.2. - Do not forgive them - for they do not know what they are doing nor do they care what they are doing to us - by their legalized, monopolistic, collectivistic and territorialist actions, measures, programs, policies, systems and institutions. - JZ, 15.9.02, 14.9.13. – All he would have had to do would have been to repeal the Federal Reserve Bank system’s money issue monopoly and the legal tender power for its currency. Apparently, he was not even aware of that. Nor are many of the current “currency experts”. – JZ, 13.1.09. - THE IGNORANCE OF OUR RULERS & THEIR EXPERTS. INFLATION AN ACT OF GOD? AN HONEST CURRENCY POSSIBLE ONLY THROUGH AN ACT OF GOD? MONETARY IGNORANCE COMBINED WITH MONETARY DESPOTISM! 

INFLATION: I think there is not doubt one of the most serious costs of inflation is that it destroys the efficiency of the capital market.” - M. Friedman, p.23 in the collection of his speeches: “Milton Friedman in Australia, 1975.” Constable & Bain & The Graduate Business School Club, n.d., copyrighted, 80pp, ISBN 0 9599080 2 1 - With considerable help from taxes, laws, prohibitions, regulations. - JZ, 15.1.03. – I hold that copyrights destroy the efficiency of the ideas and enlightenment or education market. - JZ, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: If my theories were put into practice, Australia would be rid of its two greatest handicaps ... inflation and politicians.” - THE BULLETIN, 26.4.75, quoting Milton Friedman.

INFLATION: If over-issuing legal tender paper money is forgery then it isn't "spending". If it is genuine "spending", then it isn't forgery. - JZ, 77.

INFLATION: if spending less can really fight inflation, why hasn't the government applied this policy to its own spending habits?” - Irwin A. Schiff, The Biggest Con, p.32. 

INFLATION: If you permit demand-pull inflation to rage for three years, then it will follow, as the night follows the day, that the subsequent periods will become subject to cost-push inflation. ... In cost-push inflation, we witness a rise in wage rates arrived at by collective bargaining. Cost push, or 'seller's inflation', to distinguish it from demander's inflation, is more than a matter of intransigent union leaders or impatient rank-and-file strikers. It comes also from the side of rises in 'administered prices' by large corporations in their desire to protect their profit margins or even to improve upon them.’" - Economics-babble by Dr. Paul A. Samuelson, THE NATIONAL TIMES, 26.4.71. - To call the over-issue of the exclusive and forced currency by a government, a "demand-push" inflation, is as misleading as calling the "payments" of governments with inflated notes "spending". It is assumed that a genuine "demand" or "spending" is involved. One might as well say that the issue of currency forged by private forgers is a genuine demand - instead of a fraudulent transfer of purchasing power from honest people to dishonest people or that the "spending" of a bank-robber is the equivalent of the honest spending of his victims. - The fancy terms "demand-push" and "cost-pull" - inflation are used to cover up what happens frequently with forced and exclusive currencies, particularly when they are currencies used world-wide like the U.S. dollar and are not as much depreciated as most other currencies are, so that they become a currency hoarding option for other victims of monetary despotism. Inflation means the over-issue of notes whose acceptance and value is enforced beyond the quantity that would be accepted at par and quite voluntarily if they were not legal tender and monopoly money. An equivalent rise of all prices to the total issue of US dollars does not take place today, or not yet, because many to most of the notes are internally or externally hoarded. Sometimes by internal authorities, sometimes by internal criminals, to some extent by foreign banks and foreign criminals, to some extent by honest citizens overseas, who trust the U.S. dollar more than they trust the paper money of their own government. - Once part of this overhead of over-issued and hoarded dollars is let loose upon the internal U.S. market, and is there used for consumer purchases, then this previously issued excess of notes will tend to drive up the nominal U.S. prices and wages. - But inflation takes not place evenly all over the economy but unevenly. Some prices and wages rise earlier and some later than others, especially when they are somewhat fixed for a period, by contracts or government controls. - All types of monetary inflations are characteristic for all the monies of monetary despotism, but not at all for those of monetary freedom. - JZ, 28.3.97. - Without legal tender and the issue monopoly one cannot inflate a currency, not even with the worst intentions. The supposed gold-inflations, that are ascribed to periods of great gold discoveries, are mostly imagined. The total stock of gold accumulated over thousands of years was not very significantly increased and certainly not quite out of proportion with the increased population and the increase in produce, products and services. If we had prohibited the sale of goods, labour and services for anything but rare metal then the somewhat free economies could not have grown as far and fast as they did. Luckily, the clearing options went far beyond the available rare metal stocks even before the great gold discoveries in modern times, so that we were never completely dependent upon the rare metals. Alas, for wage and salary payments we were, largely, for all too long, as we are now by legal compulsion, made dependent upon government monopoly money, even when they are not paid in such cash but only accounts of this monopoly money. - JZ, 30.8.02. – It does not make sense at all to speak of a separate “cost push” inflation when the increased prices, requiring caused by and requiring a larger note circulation, were really caused by the additionally issued legal tender money, the “demand pull” inflation. – JZ, 13.1.09. – In “cost push” “sellers’ inflation” he also indiscriminately included price increases that came not from the monetary but from the goods and service side, indicating either a decreased supply or an increased demand or a quality increase. With such economists economics is in as bad hands as ethics or morality is when taught merely or mainly by religious people. – JZ, 15.9.13. - DEMAND-PULL & COST PUSH INFLATION?

INFLATION: If you start to drink at night the good effects come first, the bad effects come the next morning. It's the same way with inflation.” - M. Friedman - I drink water every night - without ill effects! - JZ, 15.11.02. - THE BULLETIN, 26.4.75, p.61? – Are there really good effects of alcoholic beverages? - JZ, 12.1.09.

INFLATION: In its later stages inflation tends to bring about a disorganisation and demoralisation of business.” - Henry Hazlitt, THE FREEMAN, March 75. - That is like saying that the drinking of alcoholic drinks would harm people only in large doses. In reality, already small doses do already do their amount of harm! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: In more recent years, there was the classic case of Allende’s Chile. The Marxist government instituted expensive programs for which a congress dominated by opposition parties refused to levy taxes. As a result, in 1970, the government deficit was 2.3 billion escudas, and much of it was monetized. In 1971, the deficit was 8.4 billion; in 1972, 10 billion; and in 1973, 12.3 billion. In 1971, the money supply increased 113%, in 1972, 151%; and in 1973 nearly 500%. During that period the price level increased more than 2500%.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 99. - The opposition, in charge of its congress, was too ignorant and stupid to repeal the laws that made that inflation possible! – Thus a military take-over was made possible – and the military usually understand even less of economics! – There were ca. 20,000 independent truckers in Chile, under threat of nationalization by the Allende regime. They and other victims or potential victims of the regime, all were victimized by its inflation, probably welcomed the military take-over. - JZ, 12.9.08. - CHILE

INFLATION: In reality it is a quite simple mechanism but this is hidden in a dense fog of errors, wrong premises, myths, fallacies, prejudices, misleading terms, wrong conclusions, false observations etc. - I would rather say that it is an over-issue of money that is made possible through legal tender and the issue monopoly - beyond the quantity of money that would be readily accepted on a free market, and this at par with its nominal value, expressed in a sound value standard, if the issue monopoly and legal tender in general circulation (apart from the natural, economical and moral one towards its issuer) were absent. - That is my version of Ulrich von Beckerath's definition. - JZ, 2.4.97. - A NEBULOUS ECONOMIC MECHANISM?

INFLATION: In the midst of Germany’s great inflation, a few months before the final explosion in November 1923, Dr. Rudolf Havenstein, head of the Reichsbank, was describing to the Reichstag the bank’s strenuous efforts to supply what he called “the vastly increased demand for means of payment.” The bank was first of all, he said, providing simpler banknotes of larger and larger denominations. Thirty-one mills were producing the paper and a hundred private printers were working around the clock to supplement the bank’s own presses. Still, he continued, “the running of the Reichsbank’s note printing organization, which has become absolutely enormous, is making the most extreme demands on our personnel. The dispatching of cash sums must, for reasons of speed, be made by private transport. Numerous shipments leave Berlin every day for the provinces. The deliveries to several banks can be made … only by airplanes.” – Privately, Havenstein confided to an economist friend that he needed a new suit, but he was going to wait till prices came down to buy one.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 93. – Our fates in the hands of such numbskulls! - That is like the heads of the Mafia complaining about the high level of crimes! – We should never forgive them – for they do not know what they are doing to us. During the Great Inflation in Germany one German economist proposed that those in charge of inflation, like Havenstein was, should be hanged, upon the first sign of a monetary inflation, - Everywhere central banks are still called the guarantors of the national currency, even while they inflate it! – We should never forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing to us! – For them there is not connection between the note-issue monopoly, legal tender and inflation! - JZ, 12.9.08. - A statistic about how almost all central banks over the last century have depreciated the value of the currency they were and are still supposed to safeguard, would be very informative. - JZ, 15.1.09. - CENTRAL BANKING, GOVERNMENT EXPERTS, MONETARY DESPOTISM, IGNORANCE AT THE TOP AS GREAT AS AT THE BOTTOM

INFLATION: In the South, of course, it was different. By the time Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, prices had increased 9200%, for the Confederacy, with no tax-collecting authority or machinery, had printed most of the money it spent for war. By July 1863 there were 262 note-signers in the Confederate Treasury Department. There was a shortage of paper and printers, and for a while the Confederacy collected counterfeit money, stamped it “valid” and put it back into circulation. Cyrus in England, described creditors running away from their debtors, who “pursued them in triumph and paid them without mercy.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 98. – With inflated paper money, whose “value”! was legally guaranteed the government! – The sentence underlined by me belongs into a collection of libertarian jokes. – JZ, 12.9.08. – CIVIL WAR, USA, INFLATION

INFLATION: In times of inflation man depreciates faster than the currency.” – (In Zeiten der Inflation pflegt der Mensch schneller zu sinken als die Waehrung.”)- Krailsheimer. – Deflation has also a deteriorating effect on human character and actions. When both happen to a large degree as happend in Germany, then a regime like the Nazi regime can arise. – “Culprits” are sought and “punished” instead of looking for causes and abolishing them. – JZ, 13.1.09. – CHARACTER, , PERSONAL INSTEAD OF CAUSAL THINKING, TOTALITARIANISM, NAZIS, HITLER REGIME, TOTALITARIANISM, ANTISEMITISM, RACISM ETC. PERSECUTIONS, MASS MURDERS, MAN, CHARACTER

INFLATION: In times of inflation real money is scarcer than before. - JZ, 76. – It has then also a higher purchasing power, at least on the underground or black market. – JZ, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: Increased competition could curb inflation, e.g. by legislation against restrictive trade practices and by lowering some high tariff barriers.” - Popular opinion. - This would not deal with monetary inflation but merely with price increases due to goods shortages, in these cases artificially caused goods shortages. The correct name for high prices causes by the goods side is "dearness", not inflation. - JZ, n.d., 28.3.97. - COMPETITION & LOWER PRICES, DIS.

INFLATION: Indeed the measures supposedly necessary to combat inflation - as if inflation were something which attacks us and not something which we create - threaten to destroy the free economy in the near future. - F. A. Hayek: Economic Freedom and Representative Government, p.8.

INFLATION: Inflation also inflates government. - JZ, 75. – But ultimately it brings every government down. – Usually only to be replaced by another government, which continues all the legalized pre-conditions for another inflation, which is thus likely to occur all too soon, seeing that its pre-conditions remain largely unquestioned by public opinion, journalists and most recognised “experts”. – JZ, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation amounts to daylight robbery of citizens by government, but probably not one in a million knows enough about it to be critical. So governments do not care. After all, they have an army of tame journalists (*) whose “education” in Fabian-Marxist thinking has not been neglected”. - John C. Grover, The Hellmakers, Veritas Publishing Co., PO Box 42, Cranbrook, WA 6321, 1993, p.49. – (*) And teachers! – JZ

INFLATION: Inflation and dearness ( dearth or high prices ) are completely different concepts. Inflation is caused exclusively from the monetary side, dearness exclusively from the goods side.” - Ulrich von Beckerath, 25.1.52. - DEARNESS

INFLATION: Inflation arises out of excessive wage claims of labourers.” - Popular opinion. - This view is so superficial that it does not even include salary claims of employees in the private and public sector and the higher fee claims of tradesmen, professionals and of the professional con-men, the politicians. And the supposedly unjustified prices of imagined "price-makers" are left out, too! - If mere claims could lead to their satisfaction, regardless of the supply of exchange media, then and only then would such assertions be somewhat right. But such things happen only in fairy tales. Wage claims for a million bucks an  hour will be outright refused – until the last stages of a severe inflation. Real inflation has other causes - central banking and legal tender or monetary despotism, i.e. the outlawry of monetary freedom. No employer has an unlimited wage fund to pay higher wages with. His customers would boycott him. No employer, except the central bank, has a note printing press, a money monopoly and legal tender powers. No employer can say to the central bank: You must give me more inflated paper money so that I can seemingly satisfy their demands for higher nominal wages. Without the circulation being further inflated by the central bank, the employer simply cannot pass on higher wage demands to wholesalers and retailers - for, ultimately, the employees themselves, as consumers, would resist the higher prices resulting. Not only that, they could not pay them at all, not even the former lower prices, when they had to be laid off, in the expectation that at the higher costs, of higher wages, many less goods could actually be sold. Goods do not have legal tender power for the consumers. Only the production and trade in mere survival goods and services would go on, although reduced, too. All the other production and exchanges, made uneconomical or impossible, through excess wage and salary demands, would simply come to a stop. Anyone can price himself out of his market. As a sovereign consumer he does this to others, all the time, who try to extort too high prices from him. He goes, instead, to those suppliers and their wholesalers and manufacturers with lower costs, including lower wages, salaries and profits. The free pricing system is a continuous referendum on "just" prices, wages, salaries, fees and subscriptions etc. - However, to be really free, it should also include free enterprise, free trade and free pricing for optional, competing exchange media and value standards. Workers and employees will not be fully emancipated until they are monetarily emancipated, too. - Instead of striving for nominal wage increases in the exclusive and forced currency of monetary despotism, employees should contract for wages and salaries that are expressed in sound alternative currencies, that do preserve their purchasing power and do increase in purchasing power generally only with the development of technology, science, and of the economy, e.g. as a result of increased productivity. Mere employees, especially when they still consider themselves to be “wage slaves”, should strive for autonomous work group or cooperative production contracts that would automatically increase their earnings in accordance with their increased productivity. - The highest wages were for a long time paid in the U.S. and perhaps they are still the highest there now. But in the U.S. prices were often not higher but lower. Not the hourly cost of labour is decisive but the labour cost per unit produced. A very expensive labourer may, due to extensive use of labour saving machinery and good management, lead to a smaller percentage of labour costs in the total production costs. In other countries or employments, much lower labour costs may form a much higher percentage of the unit costs. - Real wage increases should be aimed for e.g. via productivity increases (leading to lower unit costs ), sound currencies, free trade, cooperative production, lower taxes etc. To strive for merely nominally increased wages, paid for in the government's inflated currency, is foolish to absurd. Foolish wage demands are "satisfied" thus, in foolish ways, with which only fools will remain content. - When the government does not inflate its currency (i.e. does not thereby nominally increase earnings and prices), what happens? Shoe repairers may e.g. double their wages and prices. Then, if their customers were to go on to demand as many repairs from them as before, at the new prices or wages (which is very doubtful), then these customers would have to reduce their demand for other goods, whose prices would correspondingly fall. Thus the general price level would remain unchanged although the shoe repairers would then have gained a larger share of the total earnings - at the expense of others. - But the most likely result would be a reduction of the turnover and thereby the total income of the shoe repairers, too and an increase in the sale of new, cheap and factory-produced and disposable shoes, which can be produced by unskilled labourers and which are never repaired but merely thrown out. To that extent their increased wage claims would make the shoemakers unemployed. That has actually happened, to a large extent, not only to shoemakers but e.g. to wall plasterers, too. - JZ, n.d. & 6.4.97. – INFLATION ARISING OUT OF EXCESSIVE WAGE CLAIMS?

INFLATION: Inflation as a way of life leads to the loss of freedom.” - Lawrence Fertig, THE FREEMAN, 1/67. – Is it really a “way of life” or a despotic imposition upon life? – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation at an annual rate of between 7 & 8% is simply politically intolerable. - Pop opinion. - It might be, IF people had been used to currency stability for a long time. Not otherwise. Politicians know better under present conditions, where they themselves and their voters and those who voted against them, are not yet monetarily emancipated and have no right to vote in this sphere. Thus they do go on inflating beyond these already catastrophic inflation rates - and remain safely in office, nevertheless, and can even expect to be praised for their nominally higher and higher "spending" of what does not rightfully belong to them and has not been voluntarily and individually entrusted to them. - It all depends on how much the politicians have hoodwinked those, whom they are supposed to represent. A fool and his money are soon parted. The money of people who monetarily remain fools will soon be depreciated by those who have the legal monopoly and power to do so and tend to do so in their own short-term interest. When someone objects then, with Keynes, they might reply: "In the long run all of us are dead", or: "Let posterity take care of itself", or like Louis XIV: “The great flood may come after us. I don't care!” (Aprés mois la deluge!) During the 1913-23 great inflation in Germany it came to a DAILY inflation rate of 100%, i.e., from day to day the purchasing power of this paper money was halved. Inflation rates of 30-100 % p.a. were quite common for years to decades in South America, Indonesia and Vietnam and the reduction e.g. of a 70% inflation to a "mere" 30% inflation was celebrated as an economic and political achievement already indicative of "political stability". I really wonder whether a proper survey of the maybe 200 "independent nations" now in existence, would not indicate as high inflation rates among most or all too many of them. Alas, the mass media do not even publish regularly and reliably the current inflation rate and that of past years and past decades in the own country, e.g. by a tabulation of the note and coin circulation year by year, together with the rise of the wage and price levels, the exchange rates, unemployment rates, rates of bankruptcies, and of taxes, as well as of “rare metal prices expressed in paper currency "standards" and of the official and unofficial CPI's. The rate of strikes, revolutions, civil wars and international wars, as well as terrorist acts, that accompany or follow monetary despotism, should also be tabulated, not only for one country but for all of them. Such surveys would daily induce more questions, doubts, demands and resistance against monetary despotism and its obvious effects. Alas, the most important facts, ideas and abuses are rarely discussed by the mass media and, when at all, then usually quite insufficiently, superficially, spreading more confusion and prejudices regarding them rather than light. - In the long run even the smallest degree of inflation and deflation undermines political stability and promotes revolutionary or dictatorial conditions, also private terrorism as opposed to the usual official terrorism (at least in war times). - JZ, n.d. &5.4.97, 13.1.09. - RATE OF INFLATION, TOLERABLE RATES?

INFLATION: inflation being caused by the government "printing" money to pay for the few rash promises they are forced to keep, but aren't game to fund through unpopular taxation. - Workers Party, introductory leaflet, 1976. – Neither printing nor money in general should be blamed but, rather, the legislators and their laws that gave central banks the money issue monopoly and legal tender power for their currencies. Both powers turned government money issues into bad money and allowed this bad money to drive good alternative monies out of circulation. – JZ, 13.1.09. – GRESHAM’S LAW

INFLATION: Inflation can be countered by creating substantial unemployment through various repressive measures that would restrain wages and salaries.” - Popular to "expert" opinion. - Only one repression is needed, that of the monopoly for the issue of paper money and the ending of the legal tender privilege for it. Other people, who do not possess such wrongful powers, should not be blamed, penalised or restricted due to the effects of these wrongful powers. Unionised workers might demand a million dollars as a normal weekly wage. Unless the central bank inflates the currency to that extent, they will not get it. If you demanded as much tomorrow, from your employer, then he would have to give you "the sack" or you would have to resign. The same applies to e.g. a baker who demanded $ 10,000 for a loaf of bread from you. He would have to do without your custom and he would be out of business very fast, having priced himself out of his market. Instead of trying to back up monetary despotism by further such despotic measures - we should simply abolish it. - JZ, 6.4.97. – The term “inflation” can be rightly applied only to price increases that come from the money side, not to those, which come from the goods and service side. The ones coming from the money side tend to remain, if they have to be expressed in the same monopoly money and forced currency and increase with the further depreciation of that money. Price increases from the goods and service side tend to be temporary and do cause a higher supply of goods, services and labour and thus tend to fall again in their market prices, expressed in any sound currency. – JZ, 15.9.13. - UNEMPLOYMENT & WAGE CONTROL, THE HARD OPTION, MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: Inflation can only happen when you or somebody else has the power to legally force all his “tokens” (*) upon all others in their country, at their nominal value, regardless of how valuable or valueless they actually are. It can never happen when each is only at liberty to issue tokens which only oblige himself - and his associates - to accept them at any time at par from anyone, in payment of debts owed to him or them, or for any of his or their goods, services or labour offers, regardless of any discount which they may have suffered in general circulation. Each will then tend to severely limit the total amount of his certified commitments to supply others with his goods and services for them, at any time they demand it, by presenting his tokens or tickets for their redemption with their ready for sale goods or services and most potential acceptors will severely limit the amounts they do accept of such commitments by others, unless they are very convenient local currencies, with an obvious and thus trusted local shop-foundation. Even then, they would not accept local currency, in most cases, much beyond their immediate or near future requirements. If they went beyond that then they would carefully check out the exchange rates of this local currency, perhaps even its rating in futures dealings and they might unload their excess local currency holding fast at a local currency exchange office, like tourist do with local national currencies that they do no longer need. In other words, local currencies would not tend to be over issued and depreciated. If they were, they would soon disappear from circulation, driven out by better or even excellent ones. - JZ, 5.4.97. – (*) The governmental token money has, at best, only a sound tax foundation, equivalent to the issue of its circulation and would use a sound value standard. That could and has been done without a monopoly for it and without legal tender power. Now that option is largely unknown to or forgotten or overlooked by most. Naturally, compulsory taxation is wrong. Its private and quite competitive equivalent could thus be rightful only as e.g. the contribution or subscription money of an insurance company or other service enterprise for its voluntary members. – JZ, 15.9.13. - LEGAL TENDER & THE ISSUE MONOPOLY, TAX FOUNDATION MONEY, LARGELY SOUND OR UNSOUND FORMS

INFLATION: inflation causes only a temporary increase in employment, followed by even more serious unemployment in the future.” - Patrick M. Boarman, Money, Employment and the Political Process, p.7. - And even of this increase much may not be due to the corresponding inflationary wage reduction but to the temporarily more plentiful supply of means of payment, in however wrongful and unsuitable but legalized form. Once the prior considerable deflationary effect (due to the money issue monopoly) is done away with, THEN the inflationary effects begin. The further issues, too, lead, at least ultimately, to degrees of unemployment – In the meantime, they reduce the purchasing power of wages and salaries. In the longer run they make creditors unwilling to lend money repayable in depreciated paper money, thus reducing the supply of medium and long-term capital and finally even of short term turn-over credits, in both ways contributing to unemployment. – If the mass media bothered to frequently publish all the relevant news and facts, properly tabulated, sufficient monetary enlightenment might already be achieved. Instead, they publish the usual popular errors, myths and prejudices. - JZ, 10.7.80, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation could and should be stopped by a monetary revolution within a day. The note printing presses of the government’s central bank need to be stopped and their legal tender power either repealed or ignored, with their notes from then on accepted, if at all, only at their market rating against a sound value standard. Sound alternative exchange media should be competitively produced by all capable of doing so and they would tend to drive the inflated notes out of circulation. Then they could only be used as means to pay taxes with and the government would be largely unable to reissue them again. But it might, instead, begin to issue new and sound tax anticipation warrants, using a sound value standard against which they would be market rated. No legal tender for them – except towards the tax departments. The sudden ending of any inflation would have rightful advantages for everybody and no wrongful disadvantages for anybody. The debtors would merely lose the unfair advantage of being able to legally and juridically pay off their debts with depreciated legal tender money but would, once again, be able to get new credits paid in sound monies and would have it easier to repay their debts in one or the other sound currency, one which their creditor is willing to accept. Stable-value-reckoning for consumer goods, services and labor can also be introduced almost instantly by and between those, who are seeing its rightful nature and advantages. Likewise e.g. gold clauses in credit arrangements and securities like bonds and mortgages could then be freely introduced. They do not require sacrifices for either side but constitute win-win relationships, as long as the debts agreed upon are not to be repaid in gold coins but merely in gold weight values. (Otherwise a risky speculation in futures would be involved, by those believing to be able to always obtain sufficient gold coins to repay their debt with them.) Since only the government can cause an inflation, none of the producers, consumers, investors, managers, professionals, workers, employees, tradesmen etc. are to blame for it but only the government. It should either abdicate or be replaced against its will. The main culprits, Presidents and Ministers of Finance and all legislators, who had upheld monetary despotism, should also be held responsible with their personal property. Obviously, they did not do their job as representatives of the people but acted as its enemies. In as important matters they could not rightly plead ignorance. They could and should have informed themselves on the relationship between the money issue monopoly, legal tender and inflation. Do not forgive them if they did not know what they were doing to us. All the remaining capital assets of the government should be expressed in capital securities and these should be distributed among all the creditors in the population, including all employees, who are creditors with regard to their wages and salaries. (For some details of interest to a libertarian party, see PEACE PLANS 19C.) In future no government powers and laws in this sphere should any longer be tolerated – except within the panarchistic communities of statist volunteers who, obviously, still need further lessons about and experiences with the statism that they subscribe to. – JZ, 30.8.98, 27.9.08, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation could be stopped by a reduction of government spending.” - Popular opinion. - Government spending is non-inflationary as long as it remains within its tax, fees and returns from governmental loans still willingly subscribed to. However, the taxes involved could lead to price increases. Only if "spending" is done with newly printed or coined money, money that is an exclusive and forced currency, due to the issue monopoly and legal tender, does inflation occur and can it result. "Spending" is too good a world for legal imposition of depreciated money upon all creditors and the enforced and exclusive circulation of depreciated notes - among people not allowed to provide honest money for themselves and under no individual or moral obligation to support any over-spending government and its budget. - JZ, 2.4.97. –GOVERNMENT SPENDING, MONETARY DESPOTISM 

INFLATION: Inflation has been aptly called "the termite of civilisation". It never rests, working day and night to gnaw away at the solid foundations on which our people have built their social and economic systems with such great care and with confidence in the future.” - Admiral Ben Moreell: Log II, 144.

INFLATION: inflation has been extolled as desirable. Yet, it is nothing but legal counterfeiting.” – Frank Chodorov, p.95 of ? - Illegal counterfeiting of paper money that is subject to a free market rate, and free competition could at most considerably deteriorate that particular paper money. It could not inflate other paper moneys. It could not inflate all prices, i.e. prices expressed in other currencies, in some or the other alternative and stable standard of value. – Furthermore, while a government can depreciate its forced and exclusive currency, it can hardly “forge” its own currency. It can only pretend, for a while, that it would be still as much worth as before, because it uses the same word for its currency. - JZ, n.d., & 13.1.09. 

INFLATION: Inflation has been irresistibly attractive to sovereigns because it is a hidden tax that at first appears painless or even pleasant, and above all because it is a tax that can be imposed without specific legislation. It is truly taxation without re-presentation.” - Milton Friedman, How to Use Indexation to Fight Inflation, QUADRANT, June 75. - It still needs legal tender and money monopoly legislation! - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is a condition where the economy is so mismanaged and distorted that mere long-term borrowing and clever investments, which preserve or increase their value, in spite of or because of an  inflation, can make you rich. - JZ, 73, 15.913.

INFLATION: Inflation is a consequence of government legislation - establishing a note issue monopoly and legal tender for its notes. Without such despotic powers no one could inflate. But almost all governments possess and abuse them and so they do inflate their currencies, despotic monopoly monies or forced currencies, most of the time – i.e. when they do not use their wrongful powers to cause deflationary depressions, mass unemployment or a stagflation (which combines the evils of inflation and deflation). - Possibly no other economic fact is better established and no other one is more widely ignored. - JZ, 26.3.93, 27.5.97, 15.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation is a device for siphoning private property into the coffers of the government, and will be activated whenever the costs of government rise to the point where they cannot be met by direct tax levies - inflation to make up the difference.” (*) - Leonard E. Read: Who's Listening? p.44. - There are many indirect taxes that extort about as much as the direct ones. Inflation, actually, is partly an indirect tax as well and partly a direct one. – (*) then inflation is used to make up the difference? - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is a form of taxation that has one very special feature. It's the only form of taxation that can be imposed without anybody voting for it.” - Milton Friedman. - The minister of finance or the central bank's director does. And before them the legislators voted for the issue monopoly and legal tender and refused to repeal either! - Anyhow, they are mostly just the high priests of the popular religion on money, as Ulrich von Beckerath pointed out. How many ordinary citizens and "expert" economists are opposed to monetary despotism as opposed to those who assume it to be right and necessary? - Let those in opposition opt out and practise monetary freedom among themselves! - JZ, 15.11.02. – SECESSIONISM, MONETARY REVOLUTION TO INTRODUCE MONETARY FREEDOM AS THE RIGHTFUL ALTERANTIVE TO MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: Inflation is a matter of too much money chasing too few goods.” - Popular opinion. - It would be more correct to say that the coercive and exclusive money issues of others than the owners of goods, labour and services, tend to wrongly chase the goods, services and labour, upon which they are not and cannot be rightly based and that they prevent the owners of goods, and providers of services and labour to issue just as many money token, based upon their goods, services and labour, as are needed to sell all of them easily, all the time, at market prices, as long as they are wanted. If one does not make these distinctions between different forms of money, i.e., especially the money of monetary despotism and the money of monetary freedom, then one will never understand the cause of and cure for inflation. - Honest money doesn't have to chase goods and services: it represents them. Exclusive and forced currency that is supplied by others - one has to chase with one's goods and services. The money of monetary freedom one can issue oneself, based upon one's goods and services and accepts it for one's goods and services. No chasing is involved. The goods and services are simply its fundamental cover and redemption fund, its issue and reflux guaranty. The goods and service side is automatically kept in balance with the money side, by the owners and traders of goods and services themselves. Honest money has no other convertibility or value or reflux option or foundation than being used in payment for the assortment of goods, services and labour upon which it is based, in any private or cooperative payment community. But it can also be used to purchase gold, silver and platinum on the markets for these rare metals. Owners of these rare metal commodities could also issue certificates based upon and redeemable in these products. But they should not imagine that their issues could suffice to provide a substitute for all the monies that could and should be issued based upon and redeemable in all other daily and frequently wanted goods and services. - Monetary troubles arise only when honest monies are not allowed to chase bad monies out of circulation, when wanted goods, services and labour cannot be monetized, i.e. turned into optional and market rated currency by their owners and providers. - JZ, 28.3.97, 30.8.02. – Inflation is rather the over-issue of a forced and exclusive currency beyond the amounts that would, in the absence of this monopoly and coercion, still be accepted at par with its nominal value. – Ulrich von Beckerath, in my own words and translation. – JZ, 13.1.09. - Similar wordings can be found in many of his German letters, perhaps also in his English correspondence with Henry Meulen, which is on www.butterbach.net/epinfo.instead.htm

INFLATION: Inflation is a measure of the greed of those in the community who are in a position to set their own prices for the goods or services they provide.” - Popular opinion. - Even world corporations do not have power in a free market market to raise their prices in the face of a slackening demand for their products or of growing competition. The law of diminishing returns applies even to monopolists. We buy less and less of their overpriced products and services and more and more of substitute goods and services at lower prices. Trades, by their very nature, are not deals or bargains in which one side is at liberty to set all the conditions and gather all the advantages to itself, even though, sometimes, a particular market may be more a seller's market than a buyer's market or more a buyer's market than a seller's market. - JZ, n.d. & 3.4.97, 15.9.13. - PRICES, PRICE MAKERS, PRICE SETTERS & GREED, FREE MARKETS, SUPPLY & DEMAND SETTING OF PRICES

INFLATION: Inflation is a method of cutting a dollar note in half without damaging the paper.” - C. T., READERS DIGEST, 9/75. – It is also an abuse of good paper and ink, turning both ultimately into mere scrap. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is a printing press phenomenon,” said Milton Friedman. He overlooked that not every printing press can or does inflate a currency. Only those associated with a money monopoly and legal tender powers can “achieve” that result. - JZ, n.d. & 3.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is a type of fever.” - Popular opinion. - It is certainly indicative of a disease in a currency, the disease of monetary despotism. One might compare this “fever” to the action of government injecting harmful germs into healthy blood streams and thereby artificially inducing a fever. But why grant any government such abusable power? Usually, the term is used by culprits or their apologists, to prevent people from looking at the real causes of inflations. One might compare it to Mafia chieftains "explaining" a rise in crime with a rise in dishonesty in the general population. - JZ, n.d. & 2.4.97. – FEVER? VIRUS? DISEASE?

INFLATION: Inflation is a world-wide problem simply because governments. world-wide, follow essentially the same economic policies.” - Maxwell Newton – It would be more fitting to speak of “anti-economic robberies and frauds”. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.” - M. Friedman: An Economist's Protest, p.29. – Not just a “phenomenon” but a legalized robbery. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber and as deadly as a hit man.” - Ronald Reagan. – Did he submit a bill to repeal the laws that make it possible? - A.) The laws beginning 1913, that gave and maintained the issue monopoly of the Federal Reserve System and B.) the laws that give its notes legal tender power. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is being broke with a lot of money in your pocket.” - Industrial Press Service, READERS DIGEST, 10/78. – The important aspect is: What kind of “money” is so wrong and flawed that it can be inflated? – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is brought about by government printing money that even the government is not game to cover by taxation. - A version of a remark by Roger Court, 20.10.76. - See: TAX FOUNDATION. - Even if a governmental paper money had not a sufficient tax foundation, it could inflate a currency only if it is a monopoly money and one that has legal tender. Without the monopoly and the legal tender imposition, sound value reckoning and pricing could go on and alternative exchange media could be issued and accepted and drive out the bad money of the government. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is caused by excessive prices.” - Popular opinion - Yes, in the same way as fever is caused by a thermometer indicating a high body temperature! - JZ, n.d., PRICES,

INFLATION: Inflation is caused by high prices.” - Popular opinion. – High prices, coming from the money side rather than the goods and service side, indicate inflation and, largely, correspond to it, when, due to the money issue monopoly and legal tender laws one is forced to express prices in depreciated paper money. When sound alternative exchange media and value standards are permitted, then prices cannot be raised from the money side, by inflated money. Then they can be and will be expressed in sound alternative value standards and also mainly paid in sound competing currencies, while an inflated currency becomes depreciated against sound value standards and all sound exchange media and is either widely refused altogether or accepted only at a corresponding discount, while all other optional means of exchange, using a sound value standard, are still accepted at par. Then the cause and effect relationship in these cases will become clear very soon. Under an exclusive and forced currency it remains obscured for most people, for all too long and for some, apparently, forever. - JZ, 24.3.97. – “None is so blind as he who will not see.” – JZ, 13.1.09. - HIGH PRICES

INFLATION: Inflation is defined as that quality that makes balloons larger and chocolate bars smaller.” - G.F.C. - READERS DIGEST, 5/75. – It is not the quality of inflated money which does this but, rather, its lack of quality. – JZ, 14.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation is legal forgery and illegal taxation and only the government has the power to undertake either. - JZ - Since one can only forge other people's money, not the own, it isn't forgery but a coercive and monopolistic imposition of a depreciating value standard and exchange medium, via legal tender laws and the note issue monopoly. - JZ, 3.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is like a cheque drawn by the government on all earnings and property of the taxpayers. - JZ, 71.- Inflation is another wrongful tax which disturbs all sales and purchase and all credit and debt payments..- JZ, 14.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation is not imported from abroad. Inflation is made at home.” - M. Friedman, Milton Friedman in Australia 1975, p.58. - Not in the homes of its victims or even of its oppressors and exploiters, but in the official offices of the latter. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Inflation is one of the results of one of the worst of the governmental monopolies, that of its central bank, with its issue monopoly and forced currency and powers. (Legal tender power, meaning forced acceptance at a forced value.) – JZ, 2.12.94, 14.9.13. – Governments have always a motive, false pretence or excuse for issuing more such money than the economy would voluntarily accept at par and the economy has not other response left to it than to increase prices and wages etc. in terms of such a monopolized, coercive and over-issued currency. But this price and wage increase option does not make such inflated currencies harmless. For instance, it does partly expropriate the creditors of medium and long-term credits. – JZ, 6.10.08. 14.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation is repudiation.” - Calvin Coolidge, Speech before the Hamilton Club, Chicago, Jan. 11, 1922. - Rather, inflation, possible only under legal tender and a note issue monopoly, amounts to a repudiation of the own original paper money "value standard" and to supplanting it by a "value standard" that is almost continuously further depreciated by further issues of its forced and exclusive currency - and this by the supposed “guardian” of a national currency, the central bank. It is a kind of price, wages, rent and interest rate control that drives their prices up, while it reduces the value of all credits granted and repayable in the depreciated paper money, which is a forced and exclusive currency. But that does not keep these "controllers" from trying to control prices etc. in another way, by trying to keep them at same level, even while they continue to depreciate the purchasing medium. Nor do they stop blaming those, whose only remaining defence (as long as they do meekly submit to monetary despotism) is to increase their prices proportionally, when reckoned in the depreciated or inflated paper money. - Oh the ignorance, stupidity and prejudices at the top of the pyramids of territorial politics - and at the bottoms! - JZ, 17.10.85, 24.10.02. - "There is no more terrible sight to behold than ignorance in action!” - said Goethe. – If we were free to repudiate the forced and monpolistic money of monetary despotism, then no inflation would be possible, the sound, competitive and private currencies would drive out any unsound ones. – JZ, 2.5.13. – Under the monetary despotism of central banking the sound and alternative private free market currencies are all wrongfully but legally repudiated in favor of a wrongful, monopolistic, forced, continuously manipulated and almost always further depreciated currency, one without a value standard, which deserves that term and an exchange medium that is the worst possible one, although it is advanced as the only possible and rightful one for a whole population. -  The religious equivalent of this anti-economic and wrongful monetary faith is devil worship, accompanied by human sacrifices. – What is right, economic and rational is legally outlawed while what is wrong, anti-economic and irrational is legally enforced under monetary despotism, which results in inflations, deflations, stagflations, numerous economic crises and general impoverishment, also in revolutions, civil wars, international wars and despotism and yet, most of those, who are generally recognized as if they were genuine economists, are still in favor of it. - JZ, 15.9.13. - REPUDIATION, DEPRECIATION, LEGAL TENDER, LEADERSHIP, PRESIDENTS, POLITICIANS, BUDGET, DEFICIT SPENDING, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, NOTE ISSUE MONOPOLY, EXCLUSIVE & FORCED NATIONAL CURRENCIES, OUTLAWRY OF MONETARY FREEDOM & SOUND & OPTIONAL VALUE STANDARDS

INFLATION: Inflation is taxation without legislation.” - Comment on President Carter's plan to raise taxes to reduce inflation, 1979. - Milton Friedman. - Every degree of inflation is made possible through the legalised monopoly granted to the central bank as a monopoly issuer of currency and through the legal tender power that is granted to its currency, which means, a forced acceptance and a forced value for it, apart from its monopoly position. So you are not free to refuse it, ask for or issue a better currency, or to discount it below its nominal value, down to its market value, when, once again, it has been depreciated by over-issues and bad reflux management or insufficient tax foundation. - JZ, 1.7.00, 16.9.13. – Monetary Freedom Vs. Monetary Despotism. - Only then will inflations, deflations and stagflations end. – JZ, 13.1.09. - TAXATION, DIS., TAX FOUNDATION, LEGAL TENDER, MARKET RATING FOR OPTIONAL CURRENCIES & VALUE STANDARDS

INFLATION: Inflation is the first miracle cure of a badly conducted State. The second is war. Both lead to a temporary boom (*) and both lead ultimately to a total collapse."(**) – Hemingway, in my rough translation of the German version: “Inflation ist das erste Wundermittel des schlecht gefuehrten Staates. Das zweite Wundermittel ist der Krieg. Beide fuehren zu zeitweiligem Wohlstand, und beide fuehren zu voelligem Zusammenbruch.” - Hemingway. - It isn't a miracle cure, not even a temporary one, but just another wrongful means to transfer purchasing power from the deserving to the undeserving. – (*) Inflation does not even lead to temporary genuine prosperity. It only does away with the pre-existing degree of deflation and then proceeds from there to depreciate the currency. – (**) Neither inflations nor wars lead always to complete collapse, although both have the tendency and capacity to do so. - JZ, 25.10.02. - WAR & THE STATE, DIS

INFLATION: Inflation is the issue of a monopoly money, given legal tender power, beyond the amount at which, without the monopoly and without legal tender, it would still be accepted at par with its nominal value standard.” – I heard this formulation first from Ulrich von Beckerath, 1882-1969. - JZ, 12.9.08.

INFLATION: Inflation is the lesser evil compared with deflation, depression and mass unemployment and mass bankruptcies.” – Popular opinion, even among “experts”. Should we argue at length which is the greatest evil among cancer, heart disease, AIDS and tuberculosis? Or should we try to resist or prevent all of them? Inflation is not the opposite to deflation, since it also has deflationary effects and can be mixed with deflation and unemployment in stagflations. Deflations and mass unemployment can also, under monetary despotism, be used as excuses for permanent inflations. - JZ, 2. 4. 97. - A LESSER EVIL THAN DEFLATION? BOTH ARE EVILS, WRONGS & QUITE UNNECESSARY & EASILY AVOIDABLE – IN THE ABSENCE OF MONETARY DESPOTISM BUT EVER POSSIBLE & LIKELY IN ITS PRESENCE. 

INFLATION: Inflation is the one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation.” - Milton Friedman. – Without the legislation required to establish a monopoly money, and also to give it the legal tender feature, no bank, not even a central bank, could cause an inflation with its notes. – Milton Friedman should have known that. Did he concede that fact at least after Hayek wrote on the subject? I don’t know. – Many years ago, at the time of the libertarian Workers Party I Australia, I spoke shortly but in vain with his son David Friedman about this. He showed then and there more interest in Kipling’s poems and in reciting many of them. – Which goes to show that at least then and there I was not yet a good enough advocate of monetary freedom. – But it is never easy to change other people’s long-held views. Alas, an ideal handbook on monetary freedom has either not yet been written or published. - JZ, 4.1.08. – May long A to Z file on free banking, online at www.panarchy.org is only the insufficient compilation of an individual towards this aim. It needs input from many others, in WIKIPEDIA fashion to become developed into a useful handbook. – JZ, 16.9.13. - TAXATION & LEGISLATION, CENTRAL BANKING, DIS.

INFLATION: Inflation is the over issue of exclusive and forced "legal tender" and monopoly currency by the government or its central bank - beyond the quantity that a free market and competitive issues and value standard conditions would be prepared to accept at par value with its nominal value, under free market rating for such a currency, or at par with alternative value standards, if the paper-standard of the government is not suitable for marking out prices, wages and other debt contracts or contract offers or bids. For instance, in Israel, at least a few years ago, wages were frequently settled by an index standard and most prices in the shops were marked out not in the official Shekel standard but, rather, in U.S. dollars. Without legal tender and the issue monopoly refusals and discounting of any inflated currency would be wide-spread to overwhelming. - JZ, 3/97.

INFLATION: Inflation is the over-issue of money with "forced currency" (forced value and acceptance at par or 'legal tender') that denies the right of any creditor - including wage earners - to refuse to accept this money or to accept it only at the market-rate instead of at its nominal value. It is then, due to this legalized coercion, issued beyond the point at which (due to a sufficient foundation or reflux) it would (even in the long run and in the absence of legal tender) be at par with a relatively stable value standard and this in all dealings on a free market. Competitively issued exchange media, using a sound value standard and being optional, refusable and discountable, would and could not be issued much or considerably beyond this point. Generally and locally they would, usually, circulate at par with their nominal value. Even if they were, to some extent and temporarily over-issued, and thus suffered a small discount in their issue area, the issuer himself would still have to accept it at par and it could not drive up the prices of his goods and services or those of any one else, who has expressed them in a sound value standard. - JZ, 5.5.81 & 18.2.83, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation is the product of centralised control of your money.” - Peter A. Wright: Australian Campaign Against Centralism. - Rather, it is the product of centralised control of THEIR money, which is FORCED UPON YOU as an exclusive currency. - JZ, 20.3.97. – Forced and exclusive currencies imposed as your money, because in each country they are the only money you are allowed to use for all your payments. – JZ, 16.9.13. – MONETARY DESPOTISM, CENTRAL BANKING, GOVERNMENTAL CURRENCIES, FORCED & EXCLUSIVE NATIONAL CURRENCIES

INFLATION: Inflation means that due to the note issue monopoly and legal tender legislation, an exclusive paper currency is "created" and forced into circulation - and thereby into the pricing of all goods and services – in larger quantities than free people would have willingly accepted at par (against a sound value standard). Thus competition by sound alternative exchange media and pricing in sound alternative value standards is outlawed and the government can easily inflate its exclusive and forced currency and thereby blow up prices, wages, rents etc., which have to be expressed in its inflated, exclusive and forced currency , and destroy all free and sound price-, wages-, rent- and credit relationships. - JZ, 78, 3.11.02, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation means the repudiation of all debts public and private, the utter destruction of credit, and a long lapse into barbarism.” - Rutherford B. Hayes, Republican, quoted by Charles Shively in his introduction to Lysander Spooner's Our Financiers.

INFLATION: Inflation means: Too much money without backing is forced into the market.” - D. & JZ, 77. – Backing and cover are misleading terms. What is really required is a sufficiently strong reflux of exchange media to the issuer, there to be redeemed by him, as a rule, not in gold or silver coins but in daily wanted consumer goods and services that he supplies, marked out in their prices in e.g. gold- or silver weight units, just like his notes, his shop currency, his goods- or service vouchers are, in money denominations, or his clearing certificates. (One may also call it a "readiness to accept" foundation. That definition fits e.g. tax foundation money, railway money, telephone money, electricity money, gas money and bus money, not only the shop currency of shopping centres. - JZ, 15.1.09.) To many flawed to wrongful forms of backing and cover are still practised or proposed like e.g. governmental debt certificates or private capital certificates. Today I received an email about a kind of tax foundation money, based upon a tax which greenies would like to impose world-wide, upon those, who they think offend against their conservation and ecology and health rules. Under full freedom much more rightful and useful currencies would be gradually developed and widely enough used. But monetary cranks, at their expense should still be free to use their kinds of exchange media and value standards among themselves, at their own risk and expense. In their own panarchies they would anyhow be inclined to do so. On this "greeny money" John Pozzi wrote to me: “Please review www.grb.net – John” – I do not consider his proposal worth responding to. If you want to, do so. - JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation must be fought by various measures.” - Popular opinion. - Why create the legal preconditions for it in the first place and then maintain them for almost a century? If one does not introduce an evil or let it grow then one does not have to fight it. - JZ, n.d. - If you really want to fight inflation, its cause, not its symptoms, repeal legal tender and the issue monopoly of the central bank and do not grant any central bank any regulatory and supervisory powers, either. At most it should be allowed to run the government's monetary system, but only quite non-coercively, competitively, with government paper money in circulation only upon whatever merits its voluntary customers would still see in it. Without compulsory taxation and compulsory territorial State membership only competing state paper currencies based on voluntary contributions and their voluntary tax foundations could remain. No governmental value standard should be granted any monopoly over a whole territory and all its people - any longer. Free choice in currency and value standards, confining all bad issues to their voluntary victims only. - JZ, 2.5.97. – FIGHTING INFLATION?

INFLATION: Inflation robs the weakest people the most.” - George Hardy: The Doom of the Welfare Society, p.57.

INFLATION: Inflation should be described rather by a fall of the value of money, reckoned in goods and services than by a rise of goods- and service prices (reckoned in deteriorated paper money). Thus one would come closer to seeing its cause, effects and the solution. Otherwise, one tends to wrongly and senselessly interfere with goods and service prices or to approve of such interference, thus making matters still worse. - JZ, 22.4.79, revised 8.6.82, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation steals our savings.” - Michael G. Steuart, 1975. - More precisely: The governmental note monopoly and legal tender money allows not only the government but all other debtors to repudiate part of their debts by paying their debts nominally in full but in reality only with depreciated money. - Good money is not allowed to drive out the bad. One can only increase one's prices and wages reckoned in the depreciating and forced monopoly currency. - JZ, 15.11.02. – People who thus act defensively against legalized monetary aggression, are then blamed for the resulting price increases, called inflation. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation will persist until people are freed to provide better monies and to refuse or discount the bad. - JZ, 26.4.81.

INFLATION: Inflation-proof money is not impossible - it is merely outlawed! (It is outlawed in order to enforce the circulation of the government's inflated currency which leaves us no other legal choice than barter as an alternative to as wrongful and flawed monetary transactions.) – JZ, n.d. & 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Inflation-proof money is not impossible. It is merely outlawed by legal tender legislation and the central bank's issue monopoly. Let good money drive out the bad: Repeal legal tender and the central bank's legal privileges, especially its note issue monopoly. – JZ, version of April 97, slightly revised. - LEGAL TENDER, GOOD & BAD MONEY, GRESHAM'S LAW

INFLATION: Inflation, … is a condition in monetary transactions where paper money is accepted without limits and at a prescribed value only because legal tender prevails: a coercion which makes it legally impossible to account for depreciation by discount or refusal.” - Ulrich von Beckerath, 25.1.52.

INFLATION: Inflation, correctly understood, is a device used by government to acquire revenues in lieu of direct taxation, and is achieved by debasing the nation's currency and stealing from the nation's savers.”(*)  - Schiff: The Biggest Con, p.22. - It is made possible by there being a national monopoly currency in the first place, one imposed by law, and this at its face value, regardless of how much it has been depreciated by over-issues! - JZ, 18.2.83, 15.11.02.  - (*) It also steals e.g. from the wage and salary earners. – JZ, 13.1.09. And from pensioners and insured people, from all creditors, not only savers and finally harms the debtors as well, by reducing or abolishing the offers of credit to them. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Inflation, with 1.3%, is at the lower end of the Reserve Bank's target of 2-3%.” - Radio news 24.4.97. - And who says Keynesianism is dead after it has been repeatedly and thoroughly refuted? Here it even frankly admits that it aims not at currency stability but at inflation or currency depreciation, instead and pretends that it has reasons to be proud of having achieved a lower inflation rate, rather than stopping inflation altogether, something that it could do immediately, merely by ending its monopoly and legal tender powers, letting its paper money find its true market value and leaving all prices and wages to be marked out in self-chosen sound alternative value standards, unchanged by its shenanigans. The law usually ascribes the role as a defender of the currency to the central bank. In reality, it becomes its depreciator in the vain pursuit of full employment through a gradual and managed inflation of the monopolised and forced currency. The figures given are, as is natural for government institutions, not the truly representative ones for the facts but politically influenced ones. See the official CPI or Consumer Price Index. This is also a monopolistically determined figure that leans away from the facts to please the voters and, thereby, the politicians. Controlled prices are included to measure inflation and few economists protest, at least not in public. The statist economists even praise and demand this kind of slow inflation. - JZ, 24.4.97. – INFLATION TARGETS, KEYNESIANISM

INFLATION: Is inflation due to "overspending"? - (Popular opinion) What does "overspending" mean? Without legal tender, i.e., compulsory value and compulsory acceptance for a monopolistic currency, no government or its central bank could over-spend, in an inflationary way. It would have to first extract its purchasing power via taxes or loans, which would correspondingly reduce the purchasing power of others and even, sometimes for considerable periods, leave the thus extracted monies unprofitably in accounts, thus making sales for the rest of the economy even more difficult. Any spending by any territorial government may be considered to be "over-spending", like the spending of any bank robber or mugger or thief or anyone who forged cheques upon your account or who had stolen and used your credit card. What is probably meant is "deficit-spending" or abuse of the note-printing press for legal tender money. If a government had to depend upon tax foundation for soundly constructed tax foundation money of its own, its voluntary acceptance in general circulation, its value rating against a sound value standard, upon full publicity for all its issues, on the refusal option of potential acceptors, on competition with alternative and freely issued currencies and on voluntary membership of its taxpayers - would any "overspending" opportunity remain for it? Most thought models take for granted monetary and financial despotism, as well as territorial sovereignty over tax slaves and subjects to its other laws, imposed by the minority, which rules, in effect, are all too limited in understanding the present system of monetary and financial despotism and of the rightful and efficient alternatives to it. Take an ordinary citizen who tries to "overspend" by trying to take up more credit than he can expect to repay or tries to issue uncovered cheques. His cheques, although made out to legal tender, are not legal tender themselves and thus can be refused. Moreover, his bank will charge him highly for overdrafts and for uncovered cheques not accepted by it in advance. In the absence of legal tender and an issue monopoly for means of payment for him, he cannot over-issue or over-spend without rapidly reaching his limits, getting into debt and bankruptcy and perhaps losing all he had accumulated. Why should we grant such privileges to territorial governments, who almost never failed to abuse them? If a government, due to monetary freedom, could only issue its tax foundation money at 10% discount, it would immediately have to accept it at par, at 100%, from all who still owed it taxes, i.e., it would have given them a 10% tax discount. Its self-interest would prevent such issues. And others would largely refuse to accept government money at all, if it had such a discount on a free money market and would rather arrange for payments in alternative sound and private or free market exchange media that stand at par with their nominal value and thus could readily be passed on in payment to others. Monetary despotism leads inevitably to many and large abuses. Monetary freedom ends them, to a large extent, although it could not prevent all kinds of frauds and deceptions. - JZ, 16.8.91, 26.8.02, 16.9.13. - OVERSPENDING

INFLATION: Is the Australian government honest about the degree to which it inflates the Australian dollar currency, every year, every day of the year? Or does it e.g. juggle the CPI figures and deceive the nation about its note printing press activities for its forced and exclusive currency and the result of such wrongful and harmful activities? How many of those "educated" by the government are sufficiently informed about inflation, its cause and cure? - JZ, 7.4.86, 24.10.02.

INFLATION: It falls with greatest force precisely on the thrifty, on the aged, on those who cannot protect themselves by speculation or by demanding and getting higher money incomes to compensate for the depreciation of the monetary unit.” - Henry Hazlitt, Inflation, p.34.

INFLATION: It is a way governments have of meeting bills that, for political reasons, cannot be met by taxation. (*) It is sheer dishonesty, a bold-faced robbery of the thrifty, a surreptitious tax. If there is any need to prove that the interests of the government are not those of its citizens, inflation supplies that need.” - Frank Chodorov, Out of Step, p.96. - (*) They could be met, with good will on both sides and for common objectives easily enough, among communities, societies and governance systems of volunteers only! Citizens and subjects can never be rightfully conscripted and used as forced labour or tax slaves in any territorial State. - JZ, 18.2.83, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: It is high time that our community took heed of Churchill's view that "inflation is a time when we cheat our creditor." - W. H. Orchard, South Melbourne, Vic., in THE AUSTRALIAN, 24.4.79. - As if it were entirely our fault, As if the government left us free to refuse to use or to discount its depreciated paper money and paper dollar and to reckon our prices, wages, salaries and other contracts in sound, alternative and freely chosen value standards instead and to use soundly managed alternative means of exchange and clearing avenues instead, competitively run, privately or cooperatively, instead of its forced monopoly money, continuously and as monopoly money and forced currency inevitably mismanaged and abused by the issuing government or its central bank! - JZ, 18.2.83, 15.11.02, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: It is impossible to prevent inflation altogether. One can only fight some of its consequences. It is like an earthquake or other natural catastrophe.” - Popular opinion. - So the real culprits of this result of monetary despotism would have us believe. They do not want to be blamed for their flawed and despotic payment and value measurement system and their actions within it. At most they are prepared to "reform" their system of monetary despotism somewhat but never to abolish it. - Without legal tender and the issue monopoly one cannot inflate a currency, not even with the worst intentions. For then anyone is free to discount an inflated currency or to reject it altogether while going on to reckon and account all his prices and contracts in sound alternative value standards and using alternative, private and sound exchange media or clearing options and sound and self-chosen alternative value standards for their exchanges. - If inflation is like a natural catastrophe, inevitable, then how come there were some prolonged periods of stable currency, e.g. in Prussia, from the Napoleonic wars to WW II? - JZ, n.d. & 3.4.97, 16.9.13. - CAN IT BE PREVENTED OR IS IT A NATURAL CATASTROPHE? DIS.

INFLATION: It is in any case impossible (as explained in Chapter 43) for everybody to protect himself against inflation. A minority can do so only at the expense of the rest of us. The only cure for the evils of inflation is to halt the inflation itself. Any government can do this if it has the will. - Henry Hazlitt, May 1968: "Inflation". It not only needs the will but the knowledge and informed public opinion to back it up. Individuals can also help to stop it - if they have the sense and courage to prepare themselves for and then engage or participate in a monetary revolution, at a suitable opportunity, i.e. when monetary despotism is at its worst, weakest and most inefficient. - JZ, 1976, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: It is not merely that inflation breeds the gambling spirit and corruption and dishonesty in a nation. Inflation is itself an immoral act on the part of government.” – Henry Hazlitt: Inflation, p.131. – Submission to this result of monetary despotism, without criticism of and resistance to it is also immoral, seeing the disastrous consequences for any economy in which it occurs. It also indicates a slavish or serfdom or statist submissiveness never to seriously consider and explore the monetary and financial freedom alternatives. – JZ, 16.9.13

INFLATION: It reminds us that inflation is nothing but a great swindle, and that this swindle is practised in varying degrees, sometimes ignorantly and sometimes cynically, by nearly every government in the world.” – Henry Hazlitt, Inflation, p.76. – What else can one expect from professional swindlers? – JZ, 19.1.09. 

INFLATION: It's the government's banking system that creates inflation, recession, and depression.” - Murray N. Rothbard: PENTHOUSE INTERNATIONAL, 10/76. - Does it deserve the name of a system when it systematically produces deflation, inflation and stagflation and, due to its nature, cannot prevent either? - JZ, 15.11.02. – CENTRAL BANKING, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, WRONGFULLLY LEGALIZED BY GOVERNMENTS & PARLIAMENTS

INFLATION: Journalists who know nothing about inflation should not try to write about it, especially not in quite unsuitable terms, like e.g. “Russia’s economic meltdown”, reported on 30.8.98. The inflationary depreciation of the paper money called Ruble in Russia, in spite of the great wrong and harm that it does to the economy, as long as its monopoly and legal tender power is upheld, should not be described as a “meltdown of the whole Russian economy”. With the abolition of its issue monopoly legal tender power the Russian economy could recover, very fast, from the damages caused by such a currency. Only as long as these wrongs are allowed to continue to exist - can they cause a lot of trouble. All of Russia’s production and exchange potential could almost immediately be fully utilized under sound value standard reckoning and a competitive supply of sound exchange media, - if all the other barriers to free production and exchange, are likewise removed. This change would be greatly facilitated if the first sufficiently enlightened groups of volunteers were usurping or were freely given full experimental freedom to set enlightening examples for all others. Let them secede and do their own things. The whole country would then tend to follow, rather soon, the examples set by the most successful experiments. This would happen without any revolutionary violence or dictatorial territorial enforcement. I still remember the sudden change in West Berlin at the time of the currency reform in 1948, as expressed in the change from almost empty display windows of shops, under inflation, imposed quotas, price controls and rationing and then the sudden change of an abundance of goods offered in them - under a new and at least temporarily stable currency, free pricing and the abolition of rationing. The so-called “economic miracle” in West German began with this reform. It should have happed three years earlier but the new military occupation authorities continued the paper money inflation and most of the other economic interventionism begun by the Nazis, eliminating only their slave labor, conscription, terrorism and extensive censorship. – The Allies, too, had not confined themselves to quite rightful war and peace aims. – JZ, 27.9.08. – They continued monetary and financial despotism and an otherwise also centrally planned, controlled and thus mismanaged “economy”. They were also foolish enough to do the same in their own countries. – JZ, 16.89.13. - PANARCHISM, CURRENCY REFORM, MONETARY FREEDOM VS MONETARY DESPOTISM, FREE MARKET ECONOMICS VS. CENTRALLY PLANNED & DIRECTED ECONOMIES

INFLATION: Judging by their utterances and actions the few who now can legally cause inflations and deflations as well as stagflations and their involuntary mass unemployment, do not know that they cause them and how they do so and, consequently, do not know how to stop the consequences of their own wrongful and false decisions and actions. They have often enough admitted their ignorance in this respect - and their inability to cope with the problems they have created is rather obvious, too. Required is the repeal of all their monetary and currency, credit and clearing laws and powers. Also all their laws on financial matters, e.g. taxation and the prohibition of value preserving clauses, unlicenced international transactions etc. These interventionists are not even aware of how wrongful and harmful these laws, institutions and measures are. - JZ, 14.1.02, 27.8.02, 16.9.13. - DEPRESSIONS, UNEMPLOYMENT, CRISES, & MONOPOLIZED DECISION-MAKING ON MONETARY MATTERS, COMBINED WITH GREAT ECONOMIC IGNORANCE & NUMEROUS WRONGFUL BUT POPULAR ERRORS, FALSE ASSUMPTIONS & CONCLUSIONS, PREMISES, MYTHS & PREJUDICES ARE, ESPECIALLY ON CENTRAL BANKING, MONETARY DESPOTISM, MONETARY POWERS, MONETARY MISMANAGEMENT, CENTRAL BANKING, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, LEGAL TENDER, FINANCIAL DESPOTISM, ESPECIALLLY ITS COMPULSORY TAXATION

INFLATION: Just another example of the government screwing up whatever they touch. In this case it's deliberately diluting the value of our money. - Demand that money be denationalized. Money that has integrity and maintains its value will survive. "Funny money"  like Federal Reserve Notes) will die - if people are free to use alternatives.” - Simon Jester Sticker. - It is not diluting OUR money but ITS money - while it outlaws OUR money! - JZ, 27.4.00. - MONETARY FREEDOM & GRESHAM'S LAW

INFLATION: Legal Tender + issue monopoly = Inflation. - JZ, 73.

INFLATION: Let good money drive out the bad - repeal legal tender. - JZ

INFLATION: Like the common cold there is no guaranteed cure for inflation.” - Mr. McMahon, quoted in THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 12.6.l71. - McMahon was once Federal Treasurer and even Prime Minister for Australia - and well represented wide-spread ignorance, myths and prejudices in this sphere, in such high circles of "leaders" and "experts". One should rather say that, as for the common cold and among orthodox doctors, there is no cure for commonness or monetary prejudices among Treasurers and Prime Ministers, except instant dismissal upon the utterance of such stupidities or intentional lies. Alas, in current territorial politics, on the contrary, to worst of all men, like scum, tend to rise to the top and stay there for all too long. Only extremely ignorant and prejudiced voters would consider such people as if they were financial wizards and great leaders. - There is a guaranteed cure: Repeal or effectively ignore legal tender and the issue monopoly of the central bank and thus let good money drive out the bad. Emancipate all people monetarily, who can be so emancipated. Then at least their exchanges will not longer be distorted or rendered difficult to impossible by inflations, deflations and stagflations. - Only one thing is right about the above remark: Within a system of financial despotism no cure is possible for its evils. Landsberg, in Germany, after the great 1913-23 inflation, proposed once a "gallows currency", under which the finance minister and the director of the central bank would be sent to the gallows as soon as the currency entrusted to them would be depreciated by a certain percentage, let us say 5%. But that is no more helpful than saying that rulers should fight it out among themselves, in duels, rather than conscripting and victimising millions of their subjects. Those, whom the victims leave in power over them, will continue to abuse these powers - with the sanction of the victims. - This kind of monetary ignorance and prejudice is still so prevalent that politicians at best promise to reduce inflation within years to decades and not to abolish it and its preconditions, immediately. - JZ, n.d., 29.3.97. - They really do not know how to do this! They even manage to speak openly of "inflation-targets" and are not instantly recalled, as they should be, in the same way as they should be if they talked e.g. about "mass murder targets" and "torture targets" and "robbery targets". The latter they usually call "budget estimates" and the former "Nuclear defence". - JZ, 31.8.02. - CURE OF INFLATION

INFLATION: Monetary destruction breeds not only poverty and chaos, but also government tyranny. Few policies are more calculated to destroy the existing basis of a free society than the debauching of its currency.” – Dr. Hans Sennholz: Inflation or Gold Standard? p.2.

INFLATION: Monetary prudence in nipping inflation in the bud." - I found that remark somewhere, I did not note down where. Nor did the remark detail what monetary prudence would really require. I hold, e.g.: competitive issue, market rating against a sound value standard, full publicity for all issues, absence of legal tender and the issue monopoly, freedom to refuse or discount the exchange media and value standards of others. - JZ, 22.12.94, 17.4.97.

INFLATION: Money is important not just as a medium of exchange, after all, but as a standard by which society judges our work, and thus ourselves. If all money becomes worthless, then so does all Government, and all society, and all standards.” - Otto Friedrich (TIME Magazine editor) in book: "Before the Deluge". – Territorial governments are worthless even while they do not cause an inflation, at least for all their dissenters and wrongful for their supporters, who support their impositions upon dissenters. Their frequent inflations and deflations caused by their monetary despotism are among the major charges against these territorial, coercive, monopolistic and collectivist statist organizations or establishments. All just societies of volunteers and all sound standards are not destroyed by inflation but thrown into doubt and danger while any inflation is allowed anywhere to begin and to be continued for then even more wrongful and irrational “cures” tend to become practised, which may result in totalitarian States and their internal and external aggressions and tyrannies. – JZ, 13.1.09, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: No clearing of deposits acts inflationary. It cannot do so any more than barter can inflate prices. It just does what barter does (namely exchange goods and services), but unlike barter, not as slowly and inefficiently, but much faster, easier, more effectively, more widely, multilaterally and anonymously. Thus no clearing medium or method ought to be outlawed or made difficult or more or less monopolised or qualified and restricted. The debtors and creditors, whose debts and credits are somewhere and soon settled in a free clearing system, in several stages, may never come to meet or even hear of each other. During clearing debts and assets are mutually cancelled - in enormous amounts, daily. They do not indefinitely grow and cannot be made to grow, indefinitely and unilaterally. They are based on and depending upon the underlying sales and purchases of goods, services and labour. Mere paper profits and paper capital illusions may grow, even for prolonged periods, if there is no truly free market - in the financial and in the monetary sphere as well. But, sooner or later they collapse down to the realities behind them. - JZ, 3/97.

INFLATION: No subject is so much discussed today - or so little understood - as inflation. The politicians in Washington talk of it as if it were some horrible visitation from without, over which they had no control - like a flood, a foreign invasion, or a plague. It is something they are always promising to "fight" - if Congress or the people will only give them the "weapons" or "a strong law" to do the job. Yet the plain truth is that our political leaders have brought on inflation by their own money and fiscal policies. They are promising to fight with their right hand the conditions brought on with their left.” - Henry Hazlitt: "Inflation".

INFLATION: No wonder people liked living in the past - it was so much cheaper.” - W.G.P. - Not if one reckons in gold weight units! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Of inflation, we may ask: Is it right to reduce the value of the money now in circulation by increasing the supply?” - Clarence B. Carson, THE FREEMAN, 5/76, p.304. - If my cheques were uncovered and I increased their supply - they could not cause a corresponding inflation! They are not legal tender! Others do not have to price out their goods, labor and services in my cheques! - JZ, 18/2/83, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: On October 8, 1974, before a joint session of the Congress, President Ford called "inflation, our public enemy No. I." - Schiff's thesis is that since it's the Federal Government that causes that inflation, it's the Federal Government that is, in reality, "public enemy No. V' - and blistering chapters add to this indictment. – Irwin Schiff: The Biggest Con, cover. – TERROTORIAL GOVERNMENT IS ENEMY NO.1.

INFLATION: On the superficial level, inflation is not a capitalist phenomenon, not a socialist phenomenon, (*), not a trade union phenomenon. It is a printing press phenomenon.” - M. Friedman, “ibid”, p. 10. - It is a socialist and not a free enterprise phenomenon in that it requires a nationalised or privileged currency with coercive characteristics! Printing presses can and have been used for the production of sound currencies! – Apart from e.g. books, magazines and newspapers. - JZ, 18.2.83. – To blame inflation on printing presses is as absurd as to blame it on greed. - Anyhow, even while all our monies consisted of metal coins, inflations did also happen through the intentional deterioration of the coins, giving them less rare metal value, while continuing, coercively and monopolistically, their nominal value. And then not printing presses but the presses of mints were involved. – JZ, 13.1.09. – DEPRECIATION OF MINTED COINS INSTEAD OF PRINTED FORCED CURRENCIES

INFLATION: One of many inflation indicators are the prices of newspapers. In my time in Australia I have seen them rise from ten cents to $ 1.30, i.e. to thirteen times the original nominal price. And that expressed in a national monopoly currency “guaranteed” by Australia’s central bank, the Reserve Bank of Australia. Would it have been depreciated even more without such a “guaranty” – or not at all? – JZ, 6.12.08m 16.9.13. - NEWSPAPER PRICES

INFLATION: One of the essential disadvantages of today's monetary economy is that the monopoly good which enforces a high interest tribute, namely the purchasing warrant resting on compulsory acceptance, called "money", can be put in arbitrary amounts into exchange transactions between goods and services, for irresponsible and short-sighted political purposes. Thereby production and exchange are in many ways disturbed and hindered. - K.Z. – Not only the compulsory acceptance of the governmental or central banking money but its monopoly and its force value are important factors in every inflation. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: One ought to distinguish between the depreciation of one or even of several among competing currencies and the depreciation of an exclusive and forced currency. Under monetary competition some might not only provide unsound exchange media  (e.g. based on land or shares), likely to be refused or to depreciate fast, because of their insufficient short-term reflux, but also unsound value standards and they will have these expressed in their unsound currency issues and in the prices and wages etc. expressed in them. These exchange media would depreciate, against a sound value standard which others are using. Then the own prices, expressed and paid in the own currency could be driven up but not the prices of others, expressed in sound value standards and paid for with sound exchange media. The inflated currency would be discounted and lastly altogether refused in general circulation. At the same time, all other and quite sound currencies would continue to circulate at par with their nominal value and the prices, expressed in their sound value standards, would remain, unchanged by the fact that some other currencies have been depreciated and some other value standards have shown to be unreliable. The responsibility for over-issues is rapidly driven home to the ones who caused it and their supporters. They alone will have to bear the damages they caused. They cannot spread them to others or over the whole country. Moreover, inflations under these conditions will be rare and limited, through the informed self-interest alike of issuers acceptors and refusers. Sufficient publicity and all the details of their issue and reflux would see to that. - It is very different under monetary despotism. There is only one medium of exchange and one value standard is permitted and it has legal tender power and all prices have to be expressed in it, as long as legal tender can be effectively enforced. All natural blocks against over-issues are that removed: Free market rating, sound value standards, the right to refuse acceptance or to discount offered and inferior monies, competing currencies, note exchanges and clearing house returns, good business reputations, value preserving clauses, publicity on issues and reflux, limited circulation periods and areas, limited commitments to single borrowers, discounting only of real bills, a free gold market and a sound and short term reflux of all exchange media issued are all characteristics of free market monies, competitively issued and their value standards. Moreover, in the absence of prescribed convertibility by the issuer, upon demand by the note-holders, misplaced confidence will not hide over-issues for all too long. Redemption of all competing currencies takes place in full, hourly, daily, etc., in wanted goods, services and labour at par. The par-value of competing currencies against their value standard, e.g., grams of gold, is also checked continuously on a free gold market. To that extent competing currencies are under "intensive care", but without any extra effort or high technology equipment, just by a continuous and automated as well as self-interested scrutiny by many people. Their strength is not run down, unnoticed, over prolonged periods, leading to a sudden discovery of its flaws and a collapse. They do not depend upon unreliable and belated statistics, on political motivations and career ambitions of a few powerful administrators of a central bank. They are not the footballs of political and military ambitions. - Note to a volume by POOR, on money, p.57, - JZ, 1.6.85, 9.5.97, 13.9.02, 13.1.09, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Only governments can inflate but not every government necessarily does. - JZ, 25.10.75. - Only most of them do, most of the time. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Only the government can and does cause inflation - by legal tender laws and exclusive currency legislation. – JZ, n.d. & 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Only the government can cause inflation, for only the government has the privilege of printing money; any private citizen trying it is courting a jail sentence.” - Frank Chodorov, Out of Step, p.100. - To indiscriminatingly call the worst kind of money, namely a monopoly money with legal tender, simply "money", as if all money had to be like that, is very misleading. - JZ, 15.11.02. – Monetary despotism should never be taken for granted and as inevitable. Monetary freedom should be explored and realized, even if at first only in a revolutionary but peaceful way by some volunteers, establishing their own and freely competitive payment communities with alternative means of payment and value standards. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Our currency is inflatable because it is has been wrongfully but legally turned into monopoly money with legal tender power, meaning forced acceptance at a forced and fictitious value. Without being legal tender, it would not be inflatable. Without it, it could not even exist - apart from the limited amount that could be issued with sound tax foundation. - JZ, 7/76, 18.2.83, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Our inflation is simply a fat price level getting fatter. Why? Because the economy is being fed too much. Fed what? Fed dollars. By whom? By the Federal Reserve System (commonly known as the Fed by knowledgeable economists ).” - Angus Black, A New Radical’s Guide …, p.36. - He should have stated that it is being force-fed with exclusive and forced dollars. That could not be done with private dollars that are subject to a free market rate and the right of people to altogether refuse acceptance of means of payment they are not contractually, or as issuers, obliged to accept. - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Periodically repeated proof for the fact that printed paper is printed paper.” – (Periodisch wiederkehrender Beweis fuer die Tatsache, das bedrucktes Papier bedrucktes Papier ist.) - Helmar Nahr. – Obviously, not all printed paper has legal tender power and the note-issue monopoly behind it. - Sound currencies can also be printed on paper. - JZ, 4.8.92, 25.10.02.

INFLATION: Politicians have a vested interest in inflation, since it enables them to spend more money than they collect in taxes, which enables them to increase handouts to all their followers. Since the effects are difficult to see, when prices start rising the politicians blame everybody else; the unions, big business, greed, man's nature - everything and everyone is blamed by governments and politicians, except government and politicians. Have you ever heard a politician admit that governments cause inflation?” - Maxwell Newton, WORKERS PARTY NEWSLETTER, 6/75. - Inflation is also a form of taxation. - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: positive government action" - today's euphemism for more inflation.” – Henry Hazlitt, Inflation, p.106

INFLATION: Price and wage increases do not cause inflation by themselves. When price increases (including wage increases) are demanded without additional notes being made available to pay for them, then they will either be refused or they can be satisfied only by correspondingly reducing the currency available in other spheres. The over-all expenditures and the price level would tend to remain the same. - Any industry or labour group demanding prices and wages above the market level would find its turnover and employment reduced. - Wage and other price increases act inflationary only in case they are paid for - directly or indirectly - with additionally issued paper notes (or base metal coins). In other words, not they but the falsely and wrongfully paper note issue increases cause inflation. The wage and price rises are merely an effect. - Moreover, the additional inflationary issues of means of payment become possible only with the legal assistance of "legal tender" and of an issue monopoly. Otherwise, over-issued currencies would rapidly depreciate (against any sound standard of value that is used in marking prices) and would become costly to the issuer (who has still to accept his notes, issued below par, at par at any time when someone pays his debts to him in these notes) or impossible to issue for general circulation - because most people would simply refuse to accept the depreciated notes. Thus they could not affect a wage and price level expressed in freely chosen stable standards like e.g. gold weight units. - JZ, 10.3.75 & 18.2.83, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: prices dance ... to the tune of the quantity of money per unit of output.” - Milton Friedman in Australia 1975, p.42. – Only exclusive currency money with legal tender power has this effect! Prices marked e.g. in platinum weight units and paid either in a stable or in a deteriorated currency, would still be the same in their platinum weight prices! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Prices rise so fast that a dollar saved is 50 cents lost.” - Gene Courtney, READERS DIGEST, 5/75.

INFLATION: Prolonged inflation never 'stimulates' the economy. On the contrary, it unbalances, disrupts, and misdirects production and employment.” - Henry Hazlitt.

INFLATION: pumping up the money supply (inflation) as we have been doing for over 30 years - has not raised real income nor brought security for the aging.” - C. W. Anderson. THE FREEMAN, 10/75. – PUMP PRIMING THE ECONOMY WITH INFLATION? 

INFLATION: Refuse to submit to reductions of your purchasing power by a depreciating currency. Refuse to accept it before its total collapse and insist on or issue yourself sound alternative means of payment. In short: start a monetary revolution. - JZ, 78.

INFLATION: Refuse to use a depreciated currency! - Free after Ulrich von Beckerath's Berlin Programme, - JZ, 7.8.75. – Replace bad monies by competitively issued good monies, i.e. monopoly monies with legal tender power by free market monies which are optional for all but their issuers and free market rated against a sound value standard. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Rising prices are the cause of inflation in the same way that wet streets are the cause of rain.” - Robert Bleiberg, Editor BARRONS’, THE MERCURY, July/Aug., 1979.

INFLATION: Russia spent 67billion rubles fighting World War I and recovered only a fourth of that in taxes. Between 1913 and 1921, the Russian price level increased 4,900,000%.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 99. – Marx and Engels in their Communist Manifesto proposed Central Banking and Legal Tender as a means to destroy the bourgeois economies. And imperial, royal, republican, democratic governments knew nothing better than to follow their advice – even if it led to their overthrow – an aim desired by these communist prophets and misleaders. - JZ, 13.9.08.

INFLATION: Save in time, so that in an emergency you have whatever the inflation has left you.” – (Spare in der Zeit, so hast du in der Not alles, was dir die Inflation gelassen hat.) - Lothar Schmidt. – SAVINGS, JOKES

INFLATION: Sign at a motel: "Because of inflation our single rooms are double." - Erna Tveter - READERS DIGEST 5/75. - Some "jokes" don't make sense to me. I would have said: "Our single rooms are now nominally double in price, due to inflation. Blame the central bank and its depreciated and forced monopoly money, rather than us!" - JZ, 15.1.09.

INFLATION: Since the State can print money and compel its subjects and banks to accept this paper in payment of its debts, it can rob them by inflation and thus, make up its over-spending and over-promising.” - Joseph DeJan in "The Devil Theory", a pamphlet, p. 14.

INFLATION: So long as we were not inflating as fast as the rest of the world we had no real cause of alarm.” - John Hallows, THE AUSTRALIAN, 12.2.72. - Assume that all the rest of the world would be inflating at 1000% and we "only" at 100%. Would this be no cause of alarm? - Do I exaggerate? "Retail prices skyrocketed 20,000 % between 1945 &1965." - NEWSWEEK, 5.8.68, on Indonesia. It continued: "The budget has been balanced and inflation has been slowed down from a gallop to a canter of about 100% per year." - Isn't it surprising how propagandist choice of words can minimise the impact of facts upon man's "thinking" or “opinions”? - JZ, 4. 4. 97. - RATE OF INFLATION, STABILITY OF CURRENCY

INFLATION: Some form of compulsory savings would be an attractive alternative which would probably win public acceptance.” - Colin Chapman, THE BULLETIN, 13.2.71. - When the managers of the central bank have so mismanaged the money issue entrusted to them, that the currency would be depreciated if everyone fully spent what he has earned, then these mis-managers and their supporters want to diminish the effects of that -issue upon the price level by depriving those, who earned this money, of its immediate use. Two wrongs do not make one right. - Further, an over-issue has already occurred and has already been somewhat expressed in nominally increased prices. To then enforce savings by everybody, e.g. through the issue of forced loans, would suddenly reduce the circulation and create a deflation. That could have catastrophic rather than healing effects upon the economy - for while individually fallen prices (due e.g. to technological or agricultural progress ), do encourage buying, generally falling prices do deter potential buyers from buying right now as much as they otherwise would, in the expectation that prices will fall further. - Furthermore, this proposal overlooks that through financial despotism banks are already forced to deposit certain percentages of all their deposits with the central bank and, moreover, they are often and to a large extent forced to purchase government “insecurities”. The same applies to many public authorities and their savings and especially to superannuation and pension funds. In all these cases the victims of these forced loans are later forced, as taxpayers, to repay these loans to themselves – in depreciated currency. And all such dishonesty is smugly called "public finance". - JZ, n.d. & 5.4.97. - COMPULSORY SAVINGS

INFLATION: Some idea of inflation comes from seeing a youngster get his first job at a salary you dreamed of as the culmination of your career.” - Bill Vaughan. - Too bad you did not dream of a better value standard than the paper dollar! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: Some people speak of acceptable and excessive degrees of inflation as if not every manipulation of the standard of value would be excessive. A small sum stolen does still amount to 100% theft and when a robber only gains a few dollars by openly violating the property rights and physical security of others, then it still amounts to a complete act of robbery. - One should also take into consideration what effect a small percentage of annual inflation has upon all long-term investments and claims, like e.g. old age pension claims, payable in depreciated legal tender. 40 years of a 2% annual inflation, can destroy about 80% of the nominal value of a pension payable in paper dollars. Moreover, inflation rates are not always made up in full, if at all, by correspondingly increased interest rates. Sometimes at least some interest rates are reduced by inflation to negative interest rates. Thus, instead of interest from productive investments building up an old age security capital, the value of that capital may be diminished, - quite apart from the taxation and confiscation robberies committed also against old age security funds. Like compulsory “investment” in government “insecurities” repayable, if they are repaid at all, by the taxes upon this “investor” or upon his children or grandchildren. - JZ, n. d., & 2.4.97. – EXCESSIVE INFLATION? EVERY INFLATION IS EXCESSIVE!

INFLATION: Something is rotten in the State: Your Dollar!” – (Etwas ist faul im Staate: Deine Mark!”) - Ron Kritzfeld. - The dollar does not rot or depreciate by itself. It takes a government's central bank and its issue monopoly and legal tender power, also note printing presses, paper and ink and the criminal intention to use them for the government's usual excessive “spending”. When returns to governments from direct and indirect taxes can no longer be easily increased then it tends to resort to the inflation tax. Once inflation becomes progressive then returns from taxation become greatly decreased, because collection is slow and taxpayers delay payment as long as they can. - JZ, 25.10.02. – Moreover, we should get out of the habit of calling the government’s forced monopoly money “our” money. It is not money issued by us, which we would be morally obliged to accept at par with its nominal value. but the money of a third party, the government, and it is money towards us only by legal coercion, thus turning it into a kind of requisitioning certificates. with which we can only do one thing rightly, namely pay the government the tax debt that it did, quite wrongly, impose upon us. But through the legal monopoly and forced value that the government has given it, we are also legally permitted to cheat our creditors with it, forcing it upon them, at face value, regardless how depreciated it already is. If we were free to issue our own currencies, optional and market rated, we could not cause an inflation with it. Nor could the optional and market-rated money of others, competitively issued, offered to us in payment, and freely accepted by us, cause an inflation. Until we spend it, it, too, would be rightly “our” money. - Even though, once we accepted or were forced to accept the government’s monoply and legal tender money, and it has thus become our property, we still should not consider it as our money, no more so than the uniform, into which the government puts us, when we are conscripted, is really “our” clothing or the taxes which the government has imposed upon us, are really “our” debts rightfully owned to the government. Only the money we issued ourselves or accepted freely, in quite voluntary contracts, from others, who are not monopoly issuers and have no legal tender power, can be correctly called “our” money. The money of monetary despotism isn’t our money but the money of that despotism. – JZ, 13.1.09, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: Soviet officials bracing themselves for more trouble for the Ruble.” – ABC News, 3.9.98. – That is the kind of misinformation that one can expect from the mass media. – What else but trouble can one expect from as wrongfully monopolistic and coercive an institutions as the central bank? In its sphere it rules or rather misrules everywhere like an absolute monarch. The very legislators, administrators and institutions that caused and continue to cause the continuing depreciation of the Ruble, through the central banking system, which they do prefer in their ignorance and prejudices, also in their own interests, do pretend that the Ruble is in trouble not due to their own actions or omissions but due to some unspecified external influences. And the journalists are so ignorant that they do not correct these officials and their statements and do not demand the abolition of their monetary powers and privileges. If the Russian political leaders and parliamentarians knew what they are thus doing, then they could repeal the laws of monetary despotism within minutes to hours, thereby ending further inflation and money shortages and providing the foundation for the private or cooperative provision of enough exchange media, all using sound or sound enough and self-chosen value standards. The better monetary exchange media and clearing avenues and the better or best value standard tools would drive out the inferior or really bad ones, and this without any government help or new legislation or any official regulation and controls. Typically for such official experts is that they believe that a foreign loan to them would or could help them stabilize their currency! Does one need a foreign loan to stabilize any other political and uneconomic measure? – Full freedom in that sphere, based upon corresponding individual rights and liberties is the last thing they would think of or permit or propose in that sphere as well. – Just like their Western counterparts. Nor are they so far prepared to tolerate voluntary payment communities that would practise full monetary and financial freedom among their members. – JZ, 3.9.98, 26.9.08. – Did the ABC reporter still speak in 98 of Soviet rather than Russian officials? If so, then that must have been a slip of the tongue. However, central banks are essentially a communist or Soviet statist institution – realized everywhere in the “free” Western countries as well. – JZ, 5.1.09, 16.9.13. - MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: Stop inflation - demand gold.” - Bumper-sticker of the National Committee to Legalize Gold. - Was it ever outlawed as jewellery? - JZ, 15.11.02.

INFLATION: Stop inflation by repealing legal tender laws and the money issue monopoly of central banks. – JZ, n.d. & 16.9.13

INFLATION: That inflation has taken place can be best (or only) be seen in the foreign exchange rates.” - A widespread opinion this but one only partly true. Other central banks, led by Keynesians or Friedmanites, and legalized even in all democracies, might inflate at the same rate. Only if a central bank does, temporarily,  not inflate is forced and exclusive currency or against other such currencies, which are not or not as much inflated, could the difference be easily seen in this way. Moreover, exchange rates are influenced by many other factors, too. But generally it is true that when internally free market rating is suppressed (through legal tender and the exclusive currency status, which outlaws competing internal currencies), then external exchange rates, against foreign currencies, where the internal legal tender does not apply, can and often do indicate degrees of depreciation. But, e.g., a free official or unofficial gold or silver market can do the same much faster and more accurately. So could a selected basket of commodity prices or any other index standard. But why presume that the internal price control and monopoly for a currency must continue? Why not abolish the money issue monopoly and legal tender power and subject every currency to competition and free pricing and maximum publicity and let it survive only on its merits? - JZ, 24.3.97. – When prices, wages, salaries, rents etc. are all expressed in sound value standards then the depreciation of any competing currency, if it could happen at all, in the absence of a monopoly for it and legal tender power, could not affect the free pricing in sound value standards. – JZ, 14.9.13, 16.9.13. - & EXCHANGE RATES, FREE CHOICE OF VALUE STANDARDS OR ABSENCE OF LEGAL TENDER POWER

INFLATION: That is the lesson of history. Inflation leads in the direction of dictatorship. It means reversion to some of the terrors of a by-gone age. It leads to the loss of the most precious possession which man has gained over the centuries - the right to choose freely and to live like a free man.” - Lawrence Fertig, THE FREEMAN, 1/67.

INFLATION: that printing paper money is a continual temptation to politicians who want to bribe their electorate.” - Henry Meulen, THE INDIVIDUALIST, 12/74. – Competitively issued printed and issued additional paper money, free market rated against sound value standards, is not only harmless but beneficial. Only when it is an exclusive and forced currency is it wrong, can be over-issued or under-issued and can thus be harmful.  Meulen still stuck largely to metal redemption notions and notions of trust and thus largely ignored the forced currency aspect of inflation. And this happened to a man who spoke and wrote about free banking for almost 70 years! Also, as an individualist anarchist, of the Benjamin R. Tucker type, he, nevertheless, did not come to subscribe to panarchism and as far as warfare goes, he still favoured collective responsibility. So, what can one expect from all the others? – JZ, 13.1.09. – Whatever I could get from his correspondence with Ulrich von Beckerath is put online. – JZ, 14.9.13.

INFLATION: That rise in prices expressed in the value standard of legal tender money which results because stable value reckoning is outlawed by legal tender clauses, and thus the depreciated paper money cannot be discounted against sound value standards in case of over-issues. Due to this and the note issue monopoly almost any excessive quantity of the exclusive and forced exchange medium can be pushed permanently into circulation and it must be accepted at par with its nominal value in all payments. Thus the only option left to all acceptors is to increase their prices and wages, etc., expressed in that forced and exclusive currency - or to participate in underground transactions that are somewhat freely paid in alternative currencies to the extent that these, usually more stable other currencies, become available to them, often under great risk of prosecution if uncovered and caught and convicted. Thus inflated paper standard value "prices" do not indicate really increased prices but the decreased value of the forced and exclusive currency. - Unfortunately, popular language use does not make this distinction or even the distinction between price increases due to shortages, or dearness, and price increases due to an over-issue of forced currency. - JZ, 3.7.91 & 12.4.97.

INFLATION: The additional note issues under full monetary freedom will not act inflationary. They are not legal tender but subject to a free market rate. Prices marked e.g. in gold weight units will remain unchanged by them. In case of deterioration of competitive exchange media, their acceptance would be refused by all but the debtors of the issuers, who would gladly pay their debts with this depreciated paper, which they bought (apart from their obligation to accept it at par in payments due to them) on the free market at a discount. Over-issues would then harm only a few and only slightly - the few who accepted them and could only pass them on at a discount. (Even they should have the right to sue the issuers for mismanagement.) The issuers will be the ones seriously harmed in such cases. Not only would they have to accept at par what they could issue only at a discount but, in future, they would have lost their good name as issuers and might not be able to issue again. - Due to the right to refuse acceptance, sound exchange media will be preferred and they will thus drive out bad exchange media from the general circulation. The same applies to inferior value standards that are being used. – We should therefore all insist that good monies, those freely issued, freely handled, refused or market rated and using a sound value standard, become free to drive out the bad ones, through people becoming free to refuse to accept or to correspondingly discount depreciated money, especially that issued by governments or their central bank. This would ensure that neither too little money nor too much would circulate, i.e. that neither unemployment (involuntary mass unemployment - deflation - depression) nor inflation would occur. With legal tender for its exclusive currency (with forced currency or fiat money), the government cannot safely move between this Scylla and Charybdis. It does then not even know whether it is on the inflationary or the deflationary path and often it has its clumsy feet quite obviously on both. – JZ, n.d. - MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM, LEGAL TENDER, CENTRAL BANKING, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY. - JZ file: - Unemployment incomplete comb of old files – DEFLATION, STAGFLATION, MONETRY DESPOTISM, LEGAL TENDER, ISSUE MONOPOLY, FREE CHOICE OF VALUE STANDARDS

INFLATION: The advantages that Professor Hayek claims for competitive currencies are not only that they would remove the power of government to inflate the money supply but also that they would go a long way to prevent the destabilising fluctuations that government monopoly of money has precipitated over the last century of 'trade cycles'...” - Arthur Seldon, introducing Hayek's "Denationalization of Money".

INFLATION: The Australian paper dollar has really deteriorated. A few decades ago I could still buy 10 newspapers with it, now only one and, after the GST on 1.7.00, one costs even $ 1.10. - It is an old experience that newspaper prices are among the first reliable indicators of the inflation of a currency. - JZ, 4.7.00. – E.g., THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD of Sept. 13, 13, is now priced A $ 2. THE DAILY TELEGRAPH costs now on weekdays $ 1,20 and on Saturday $ 2. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: The best way to destroy the capitalist system is to debauch the currency.” - Attributed to Vladimir Ilich (Ulyanov) Lenin by John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, p.235 (1920, reprinted 1971). Keynes says, "Lenin is said to have declared …" Despite careful searching by the European Division of the Library of Congress, this has not been found in Lenin's writings and remains unverified. - While he may not have used exactly these terms or have recorded them in writing, they are nothing but a rewording of the communist manifesto's platform for communism. It demanded central banking, and in later comments also legal tender for its issues, as an uneconomic means to promote communism by the chaos it would cause. - JZ, 13.10.02, 26.11.02., COMMUNISM, CENTRAL BANKING, MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: The cases where the government paper money was not inflated, in spite of its monopoly status and legal tender powers, for years, decades or even centuries, are rather exceptional than the rule. (Apart from 100 % gold-covered and redeemable gold certificates. Also a relatively rare occurrence. And a very expensive way to preserve the value of exchange media. – JZ, 13.1.09.) The rule is that such a currency provides an almost irresistible temptation and opportunity to any government to abuse these powers - and depreciate its government paper money and thereby deteriorate economic conditions. (Deflations and depression crises are also made possible by this monetary despotism. – JZ, 13.1.09.) Once this is sometimes partly realized, then in panic and with quite inappropriate responses and measures, the opposite is achieved: deflation, depressions and their mass unemployment or stagflations. But it is only rarely that governments attempt not only to slow down but altogether end their inflations. Then, and under monetary despotism, they see no better way to do this than to cause the seeming opposite, a deflation, with mass unemployment. Once in that situation it does not know how to get out of it without causing an inflation. Not being market-based, issued, accepted, refused or discounted, returned to the issuer, not being freely valued and rated, not being under competition and in the full spotlight of publicity, its exclusive and forced currency is without the natural or market limitations and indicators and can thus only be more or less mismanaged, using poor substitutes for the natural indicators. It is almost as if we put a dancer or a runner into chains and then expected him or her to perform at their best. - It is a riddle to me how people can expect to reap the full benefits of the division of labour, free enterprise, free trade and free exchange without freedom in the supply of exchange media and how they can expect a sufficient stability of value standards under legal tender laws, i.e., under the suppression of free choice of value standards. That's like expecting to find out and being able to spread truths by suppressing freedom of expression and information. - We have already spread exterritorial autonomy for volunteers in so many spheres of our lives and have taken it for granted there. When will we finally, completely and consistently, apply it, experimental freedom, freedom of action and individual to volunteer group decision-making, in the last few spheres where it is still suppressed e.g. by territorial States and their central banks of issue and all their other despotic laws and institutions, despotic because they are territorially imposed upon dissenters? - JZ, 16.9.92, 1.5.97, 12.9.02.  DEPRESSIONS, CENTRAL BANKING, MONEY MONOPOLY, CURRENCY STABILITY, MONETARY POLICY, EURO-CURRENCY, MONETARY DESPOTISM OR MONETARY FREEDOM? EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, MARKET MONEY, PANARCHISM

INFLATION: The CAUSE of inflation is not that governments have a MOTIVE to inflate it but that legislation gives them or their central banks the power of the money issue monopoly and of legal tender for its paper money, so that the national economies, depending upon monetary exchanges, have no other options, as long as this monetary despotism can be effectively enforced, than to use this monopoly money and forced currency, no matter how much it has already been over-issued and depreciated, because reflux via taxation, forced loans and subscriptions to government insecurities (investment in tax-slaves, mostly not safeguarded against inflation) is not strong enough. Its victims are not free to refuse it or to discount it. They are not free to price out their goods and services and labours in sound value standards, instead and accept, if at all, the government's paper money only at its discounted value. They are not free to use only their own or freely chosen sound exchange media and value standards instead. They are disfranchised in this respect. They are deprived of their consumer sovereignty towards the government’s currency, not allowed to rate it and discount it freely, according to its remaining free market value, when “buying” the government currency with their goods and services. They are not free to refuse to so “buy” the government’s currency at all, i.e., to refuse to accept it in their sales. Instead, under legal tender and the issue monopoly, their only remaining option, until price controls, quotas, rationing and forced labour are imposed upon them as well, is to increase the nominal prices for their goods, services and labours, paid in the depreciating, inflated and thus price-inflating government paper money. - Without these coercive and monopolistic, even despotic or totalitarian monetary powers, the government's motivation would be irrelevant. It could not force an excess of its notes or insecurities upon an unwilling market. Then it could not do any wrong or harm in this way. - JZ, 9.3.89, 15.5.97. - GOVERNMENT MOTIVATIONS, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, CAUSE OF INFLATION, DEFICIT SPENDING, BUDGETS, MONETARY DESPOTISM, LEGAL TENDER, ISSUE MONOPOLY

INFLATION: the contribution that successive governments have made to the surest agency for social disintegration that is known to modern science: the debauching of the currency. There is abundant historical evidence of how accelerating inflation dissolves lifelong habits of thrift, honesty and non-militancy and triggers a vicious conflict over relative living standards.” - Robert Moss in Dr. Rhodes Boyson, editor: 1985: An Escape from Orwell's 1984, p.108. 

INFLATION: The dollar is stronger against the pound sterling but still weak against the pound sirloin.” - CHANGING TIMES, quoted in NEWS DIGEST INTERNATIONAL, June 1977, p.19.

INFLATION: The economy is comparatively stable if price rises do not exceed 4 % in any year. - Popular opinion. - It may be relatively stable, when compared with rapid or galloping inflations taking place elsewhere or at other times - but it does not stabilise long term credit and debt relationships at all. Imagine the disturbance in the market if length, weight and volume measurements were reduced annually by 4%. Even a 1% inflation could already destroy all too much of one's old age insurance claim. This kind of “policy” is no more honest that the stance of a thief who steals from many people only something of little value every time, arguing that they won't notice it or will not mind it. Those who watered down milk or fruit juice could similarly argue: “We do little harm.” And many polluters would argue the same. Especially those who disperse radioactive substances and increase the radiation hazards or add poisonous substances to our foods. - JZ, 5.3.97. - RATE OF INFLATION, SLOW INFLATION, STABILITY OF CURRENCY

INFLATION: The evils of runaway government, with its inevitable inflationary consequence, approach the insufferable stage.” - Leonard E. Read, NOTES FROM FEE, Nov.75. - The financing of runaway government via the over-issue of legal tender currency is subject wrongful laws and to a decision to make use of them, i.e., is not "inevitable"! – JZ, 18.2.83, 13.1..09.

INFLATION: The Fed may have to raise interest rates to ward off the threat of inflation.” – News, 7.3.00. – Chairman of the FED. - Even he did not know the real cause of and the cure for inflation or he lied about it, while he was still in charge of the US central banking system, – JZ, 23.10.07. – By now the central note-issuing banks, still only motivated by the errors popularized by Maynard Keynes, are aggressively inflating the currency while pressing the interest rate close to zero. They seem to want to demonstrate that they are quite capable of any wrongful and irrational act in their sphere of authority and monopoly. – Most of the statist reformers only want different types and degrees of the statist money monopoly. – JZ, 5.1.09. - INTEREST RATES, EXPERTS

INFLATION: The federal government is now declaring war on the inflation it initiated and promoted and which it continues to press forward with ever-greater force. The same politicians who now sound like militant inflation fighters pushed hard in the past for every dollar of deficit spending.” – Dr. Hans F. Sennholz, THE FREEMAN, 2/75. - All present governments have also legally prepared for and made possible inflations, deflations and stagflations - through the laws of monetary despotism. - JZ, 15.11.02, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: The first panacea for a mismanaged nation is inflation of the currency; the second is war. Both bring a temporary prosperity; both bring a permanent ruin. But both are the refuge of political and economic opportunists.” - Ernest Hemingway: Notes on the Next War. – I deny that they, as such, bring even temporary prosperity. And even the worst, apart from all-out nuclear war, do not bring permanent ruin. – JZ, 13.1.09. – The territorialist and statist opportunists seem to be unable to see and appreciate the rightfulness and economic opportunities of full monetary and financial freedom. They rather confine their opportunities to their aspirations for power, even if that power leaves unused or destroys many of the economic opportunities in a country. – Almost none of them ever spoke up for e.g. economic rights and liberties and their beneficial effects upon an economy. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: The government can inflate its currency only when the people are not free to refuse to accept it. - JZ, 77. – And when they are not free to replace it by other and sound currencies as far as their own transactions are concerned. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: The government goes on printing these scraps, because, if it stopped, that would mean the end of the government. Because, once the printing presses stopped - that is the requisite for the stabilisation of the mark - the swindle would at once be brought to light.” - Adolf Hitler, Feb. 1923, quoted in GOOD GOVERNMENT, 2/78. - Actually, quite a few governments survived the stopping of the printing presses and they may only have survived because of this. Alas, the same abuse is repeated, over and over again, because the constitutional and legal foundations of monetary despotism have not yet been abolished. - JZ, 15.11.02, 19.1.09.

INFLATION: The government has not only a problem in fighting inflation: it causes it! – JZ, n.d.

INFLATION: The government need no longer fight inflation - as soon as it would stop making it. - JZ, 77. - Replace "making" by "continuing". - JZ, 3.11.02.

INFLATION: The government tries to drive inflation down.” - Radio comment, 23.8.88. - First it causes all of the present inflation by its monetary despotism and then it "drives it down", partly. - That is like the Mafia bosses declaring that in future they will reduce their crimes with victims. - JZ, 23.8.88, 24.10.02. - They use a language more suitable to sheep or cattle herding. That's probably all they know how to do. - JZ, 15.1.09. - LEGAL TENDER, CENTRAL BANKING & MONEY MONOPOLY, MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE BANKING

INFLATION: The government's efforts to contain the inflation are like a man carrying a torch and a water bucket through a field of standing grain. With one hand he sets the field afire, with the other he attempts to douse it from his bucket.” - Elgin Groseclose (Viewpoints), SOUTHERN LIBERTARIAN MESSENGER, 2/80.

INFLATION: The Hungarian inflation after World War II, one of the maddest of all, was triggered by the Nazi theft of that nation’s gold reserves. (*) At the peak, it took 828 octillians of paper Hungarian pengoes to equal one pre-war pengo. Histories largest denomination banknote was issued then for one hundred million billion pengoes. It was worth about a nickel.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G.  P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 99. - (*) Nonsense! There, as everywhere else, it was made possible by the legalized note-issue monopoly of the central bank, combined with laws giving its notes legal tender power (compulsory acceptance at a forced value!). Gold reserves are superfluous for a currency. Gold weight units are good enough as value standards, though. As exchange media they can only play a very limited role. - Governments never need any reason or excuse to abuse their legalized monetary powers for their purposes. They have an unlimited need for “money” to keep themselves in power. Usually they blame others for the resulting inflation. Without that monopoly and legal tender most people would have either totally refused that “money” or accept it only at a corresponding discount. But they would have paid their taxes with it, at its par value. Thus the spending options of the government, and its purchasing power would have been greatly diminished. – JZ, 12.9.08. – Under full monetary freedom good money would have driven out the bad – and saved a lot in printing costs, paper and ink. – In Hungary during the above described inflation its production costs of this kind of “money” must have come close to its remaining tiny purchasing power. - JZ, 5.1.09. – HUNGARY, GREATEST INFLATION SO FAR

INFLATION: The inflation of government promises, laws, regulations and bureaucracies has rendered them as worthless as the inflation of the government’s forced and exclusive currencies has reduced its money to. – Still more of the same will make them still less valuable. – The law of diminishing returns has been very well exemplified by them. – Once a liar – always a liar, says an old proverb. They can and should no longer be trusted – except by those who are still willing to remain their voluntary victims. All others should become free to opt out from under them. - JZ, 9.11.97, 5.10.08, 16.9.13. – INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, PANARCHISM, VOLUNTARISM, LAWS, POLITICIANS, NATIONAL CURRENCIES, BUREAUCRACY, REGULATIONS, TERRITORIALISM, OPTING OUT

INFLATION: The inflation that is destroying the life's savings of millions of thrifty Americans must be abhorred as a crime against economic well-being and social peace. The business cycle must be prevented through resort to sound and honest money.” – Dr. Hans F. SennhoLz in THE FREEMAN, 5/76, p.299. – CRISES, BUSINESS CYCLE, BOOM & BUST “ECONOMIES”

INFLATION: The Keynesian inflationists are still allowed to largely rule and misrule a country - through a central banks with an issue monopoly and legal tender power for its notes. – JZ, 4.7.00, 6.10.08.  - The Keynesian inflationists are still allowed to rule the economy in and through the central banks. - JZ, 4.7.00. - JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, KEYNESIANISM, CENTRAL BANKING, LEGAL TENDER

INFLATION: The most effective thing that Mr. Gordon (then Prime Minister of Australia) could do now to contain the inflation bogy would be to cancel or suspend the personal income tax concessions he granted in the August budget.” - T. M. Fitzgerald, THE AUSTRALIAN, 22.1.71. - First the victimised citizens are taxed by the government-caused inflation and then, when in their only defence left to them against inflation, they have nominally increased their incomes, expressed in the depreciated, forced and exclusive government paper money, they are to be taxed again, to counter this earned increase! And the politicians have the cheek to call it a "concession" when they do not collect as much in tributes from you as they did before! - The only kernel of truth in the above statement is that of tax foundation, which Adam Smith did also recognize in at least one passage of his writings on money in The Wealth of Nations. A government’s optional paper money issues can, indeed, be balanced and limited in amount, correspondent to its taxation. Such tax foundation money should have legal tender only towards its issuer and it should also use a sounder value standard than a managed and usually mismanaged paper standard. Taxes and tax foundation money should be expressed e.g. in gold weight units and the government should have to accept its own tax foundation certificates at their face value even when in general circulation they have got a discount corresponding to their over-issue. That would reduce the "spending" power of the government and reduce the tax burden for the tax victims. Moreover, without legal tender power and the issue monopoly, government paper could ultimately be altogether refused in general circulation, so that at last even government employees would no longer be prepared to accept it. The more and more worthless bucks should be passed back to the issuer. Pay to Caesar what is Caesar's! Do not offer him your own honest currencies in payment- and do not let your incomes, paid in these currencies, be confiscated by him! Rather go on a well organized tax strike, one that includes the total refusal to accept any government paper money. - JZ, 2.4.97. – TAXATION, TAX STRIKE, REFUSAL TO ACCEPT THE GOVERNMENT’S CURRENCY

INFLATION: The most important need is to check the development of an inflation psychology, of a tendency for people to express a growing distrust for money by accelerated spending and by a chronic process of industrial turbulence in search of wage increases to offset the dollar's falling value. This would be a self-reinforcing process: industrial turbulence and wage hosts promote the deterioration of money's value, which provokes the wage demands. - The psychological type is the third and worst form of inflationary pressure, the other two forces in the spiral being the cost-push and the demand-pull types.” - T. M. Fitzgerald, THE AUSTRALIAN, 22.1.71. - In other words, he wants to prevent people from engaging in the only defensive measures that are left to them against monetary despotism and he slanders it as a mere "inflation psychology". Here, too, the defensive measures are accused of being aggressive or inflationary by themselves. Any inflating government has really earned any degree of distrust against its monetary policy. And such “experts” deserve only disgust and boycotts from their readers. A monetary revolution against monetary despotism is morally and economically justified. T. M. F., too, did not demand a stop to the note printing presses, the abolition of the privileges of the Reserve Bank and ending legal tender for its exclusive currency and of the monopoly for the issue of notes. - JZ, 2.4.97. - Unfortunately, only such "experts" find it easy to get their flawed and misleading views expressed in most of the mass media, even when no formal censorship has been introduced. Their ignorance and prejudices, backed up by those of the public, prevent monetary and financial enlightenment even more so than a formal governmental censorship would. - JZ, 2.9.02. – Most people still blame everything and everyone – but the real causes of inflation and deflation and of their consequences. – JZ, 1.1.09. – PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERTS 

INFLATION: The multiplication of a means of exchange does not mean an inflation as long as that means of exchange is kept at par with its nominal gold weight value, i.e., is accepted and circulating at this par value and finally returned to the issuer to be accepted at par there for his goods, services or debt payment receipts. Even if private exchange media were discounted at their issue and somewhat circulating at a discount, then this would still not mean an inflation of the general price level, for they would then be accepted, if at all, only at their discounted value, by all but their issuers. In other words, they could not drive up the prices, services etc. reckoned in sound value standards. Only the issuer of such exchange media would still have to accept them at par and would thus be restrained from issuing too many of them, that would cause a still higher discount at their issue and a still higher number of refusals to accept them at all. Only those means of exchange, which are given a monopoly status and legal tender power can drive up all prices in a country. – JZ, 21.7.05, 30.10.07. – Or, when this monopoly money is under-supplied, then it can cause a deflation. – JZ, 5.1.09. – MONETARY DESPOTISM. & GOLD STANDARD, PRICING & CLEARING IN GOLD WEIGHT VALUES WITHOUT GOLD REDEMPTION BY THE ISSUERS, MONETARY FREEDOM, INCLUDING FREE CHOICE OF VALUE STANDARDS & OF MEANS OF EXCHANGE, DEFLATION, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY

INFLATION: The natural tendency of the state is inflation.” - Murray N. Rothbard: The Case for a100 Percent Gold Dollar, p. 16. - There are at least some instances of States that issued paper money without legal tender for years to decades, i.e., without affecting prices that were marked out in sound value standards. - JZ, 15.11.02. – If his gold dollar had been made a forced and exclusive currency then it would have caused and perpetuated a horrendous deflation as long as it remained in force. – He, too, did not sufficiently distinguish between a sound value standard and sound exchange media, which do not require gold cover and gold redemption but merely gold weight value reckoning and accounting. Then, used mainly only as value standards, gold weight units could help to keep the value of an unlimited number of exchange media and clearing certificates or clearing accounts, with which an unlimited number of and unlimited quantities of goods, service and labor exchanges could be mediated, without inflation, deflation or stagflation troubles. - JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: The only factory in Australia where the lights are going day and night is the Australian Government Mint.” - The Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Mr. Lynch, THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 19.4.75. - But he, if in government, would probably be one of the last to switch off the lights, there! - JZ, 18.2.83. - If the Australian Dollar were not, by law, a monopoly money and, through legal tender legislation, a forced currency, with forced value and forced acceptance, then the government could go on printing its money as much as it liked - and we would still be free to discount it or refuse it altogether and reckon in sound value standards and exchange using competitive sound exchange media and clearing options. - JZ, 15.11.02. – It is said that a cat does not give up on hunting mice and it might be said that a politician does not cease to lie. There are probably many factories in Australia that work in three shifts a day. I have myself worked in one of them. – JZ, 14.1.08.

INFLATION: The printing of money to finance political programs leads to rising prices.” - Roy Childs, Liberty Against Power. - Not, if it is e.g., paper money with tax foundation, subject to a free market rate and the right to refuse acceptance in general circulation and if it is reckoning in gold weight units. Even wars have been financed with such sound government paper money. - JZ, 18.2.83. – Apart from the wrongfulness of taxation. Only the government or its central bank would have to accept it at any time at par with its nominal gold etc. value, regardless of its free market rating. – Thus it could be over-issued only to a very limited extent and most transactions would be carried out with competing and sound free market monies. – He wrote as if there were no different kinds of paper money possible, unsound ones – which is the rule under government controls – and sound ones, those under private controls in a free market for exchange media and value standards, the latter without any monopolistic and despotic powers, voluntarily accepted and market rated, refusable, competing with other currencies and using chosen sound rather than imposed and manipulated flawed value standards. - JZ, 15.11.02, 14.1.09. – Only their issuers would always have to accept them at their face value. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: The real obstacles to ending inflation are political, not economic. Ending inflation would deprive government of revenue that it now obtains without legislation.” - Milton Friedman: How to Use Indexation to Fight Inflation, QUADRANT, June 75. – This “revenue” is based on the legislation that has institutionalized monetary despotism. – JZ, 16.9.13.

INFLATION: The same State which considers the provision of the exchange medium, of money, as its exclusive privilege, this same State one day depreciates this money and, thereby, deprives a part of the people of everything they have worked for and saved. This is such a dirty deed that even the State cannot exceed it. At the same time it is such a sheer fraud that a more impertinent and shameless one cannot be imagined. My independence was thereby destroyed, too.” - („Derselbe Stact, der die Schaffung des Umlaufsmittels, des Geldes, als sein alleiniges Privileg betrachtet, dieser selbe Staat entwertet eines Tages dieses Geld und bringt dadurch einen Teil des Volkes um alles, was er sich erarbeitet und erspart hat - eine Handlungsweise, deren Schmutzigkeit selbst von ihm nicht mehr ueberboten und zugleich ein glatter Betrug, wie er frecher and schamloser nicht ausgeheckt werden kann. Auch mit meiner Unabhaengigkeit war es vorbei.“) - J. H. Mackay, Abrechnung, S.175. - In other words, like all too many others, he had not paid sufficient attention to the laws and practices of monetary despotism and their consequences. Otherwise he would have made some safer investments. - JZ, 15.11.02. – Anyhow, the “day” of this Great German inflation lasted for years, from 1914 to 1923. – Like most poets and writers he did not care to learn much about monetary theory and practice and was thus among the millions of victims, just like even most of the Millionaires of Germany were, not only proletarians or middle-class people. – JZ, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: The tenor of most of the submissions was the admission that there was an inflationary problem and that the government should do something about it, ...” - On industry submissions, THE AUSTRALIAN, 11.2.71. - The offender is asked to go straight! But he is left in power over an exclusive and forced currency that is not criticised, not even doubted or questioned by industry and agriculture and business representatives, whose output and services are required to give value to any currency and who should rather be in charge of currencies issued by themselves than expect government gangsters or "representatives", i.e. politicians and bureraucrat to run a single currency rightfully, honestly and efficiently for all - although during all of history that was only done very rarely by them and then, usually, not for long. - JZ, 2.4.97. - GOVERNMENTS

INFLATION: The universal image of runaway inflation is that of a Berliner pushing a wheelbarrow full of money down “Unter den Linden” to buy a cabbage or a newspaper. Or the German housewife who leaves a basketful of money for a minute and, returning, finds the money safe and the basket stolen.” – Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p. 100. - Underlining by me: JZ. -  Obviously, there is not only a printing-costs limit to paper money inflation – which must have been close to having been reached in Nov. 1923, when they came to 48 % of the purchasing power of the newly printed notes, but also a limited due to transportation costs and time limits involved for the supply for inflated money. The latter was demonstrated by cashiers of firms queuing up for hours before the Reichsbank office opened, to get as early as possible their batch of notes for wage payments. Most German modern printing shops were involved in that “production”. Getting the notes to where they were needed was also not instantaneous but took time. Deflationary money shortages occurred because prices and wages raced ahead of the printing presses, in the expectation of further inflation. – Sound money alternatives remained outlawed – but these laws became more and more ignored. – If it had not been legal tender (compulsory acceptance and forced value!) and if it had not had a legislated monopoly position, few would have accepted it at all, except to pay their taxes with, and most would have insisted in being paid with sound alternative kinds of money, competitively issued. – The good money issues were not impossible but merely outlawed! - JZ, 12.9.08.

INFLATION: The views on it are so numerous and mostly flawed, if not altogether false, so that all should be listed together - and confronted with the facts and contrary arguments, as far as is possible, in order to enable the patient truth-finder to finally distinguish the wheat from the chaff. - JZ, 19.3.97. – THEORIES, HYPOTHESES, ASSERTIONS, PREJUDICES, MYTHS, ERRORS, FALSE ASSUMPTIONS & CONCLUSIONS, DIS., REFUTATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA

INFLATION: The whole recorded history of man is strewn with the wreckage of the great civilizations which have crumbled under price controls; and in forty centuries of human experience, there has never been – so far as I can discover - a single case where such controls have stopped, or even curbed for long, the forces of inflation. On the contrary, in every instance I can find, they have discouraged production, created shortages, and aggravated the very evils they were intended to cure.” - Irving S. Olds, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - PRICE CONTROLS

INFLATION: There are those who equate inflation with high prices. That is like maintaining that the wet streets caused the rain to fall.” - Frank Chodorov, Out of Step, p.99.

INFLATION: There can be no large-scale inflation of any currency or any inflation of the general price level in all currencies, from the monetary side, without legal tender and the money issue monopoly. No inflation is possible under freedom for note issues and free choice of value standards and free clearing, using sound alternative value standards, and freedom to price one's goods, services, labour and contracts in sound value standards. - JZ, 20.11.91, 26.4.97. - Merely by observing how cheaply people with foreign and relatively stable currencies can buy goods, labor and services in countries with a galloping inflation, economists should have rapidly come to the conclusion that the essential difference between the foreign currencies with high purchasing power and the low purchasing power of the own currency national was due to the fact that the own currency was pushed into circulation by the issue monopoly and legal tender, while the foreign currency, in the inflating country, in which it is a foreign currency, had no monopoly position and no legal tender power there and thus did not participate in the inflation in this country and could not make it worse. On the contrary, it made at least some relatively sound exchanges still possible. It had sufficiently or relatively preserved its own value standard and it was voluntarily accepted at its purchasing power. - JZ, 8.9.02, 14.1.09.

INFLATION: There is one great country in Europe where the equalisation of wealth and income has progressed faster than in Britain and the United States: Germany in the decade before Hitler's advent. There the inflation of 1923 did the trick. Equalisation was achieved by the impoverishment of the rich, not the enrichment of the poor.” - Gustav Stolper: This Age of Fable, p. 67. – 1923 was merely the last year of this inflation, which began with the outbreak of WW I in 1914. – Some of the rich, who had heavily borrowed, also got rid of these debts and were to that extent wrongly further enriched. - JZ, 14.1.09.

INFLATION: This swindle erodes the purchasing power of everybody's income and the purchasing power of everybody's savings. It is a concealed tax, and the most vicious of all taxes. It taxes the incomes and savings of the poor by the same percentage as the incomes and savings of the rich.”- Henry Hazlitt: Inflation, p.76. - More so the poor, because the rich have many of their assets in illiquid and appreciating forms, e.g. shares, buildings, land. - JZ, 15.11.76, 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Tighter and more painful central banking controls are required to eradicate a nation's inflation psychosis." - Popular or even "expert" opinion. - That "psychosis" is the all too well founded distrust against any government forced and exclusive paper currency over the last few decades. Without monetary despotism and its catastrophic results, crippling whole economies and impoverishing all their people, it would not exist. More of the same does not offer a way out but merely one into further troubles. Monetary freedom instead of monetary despotism! - JZ, 23.3.97. – INFLATION PSYCHOSIS & CENTRAL BANKING CONTROLS, DIS.

INFLATION: To speak of a moderate inflation is as sensible as to speak of an avalanche with walking speed.” – (… die maessige Inflation - davon zu sprechen, ist etwa so sinnvoll wie von einer Lawine mit Fussgaengertempo.”) - Paul Brass, DINGE DER ZEIT, Juni 73, S. 34. 

INFLATION: today's dollars are like today's newspapers, not much worth tomorrow!” – SOUTHERN LIBERTARIAN MESSENGER, 1/79. – However, governments with the wrongful power to issue and keep on issuing their inflated forced and monopolized currency, will go on doing so, as long as their currency has still some purchasing power and is not altogether refused, even by its bureaucrats and soldiers. – 13.1.09.

INFLATION: Try to find any large and lasting inflation of the general price level, through any physical or accounts-only currency, that ever happened without the legal tender and monopoly issue privilege. I would be very interested to hear or read about one. - JZ, 3/97. - LEGAL TENDER

INFLATION: Two bob isn't worth two bob these days.” - ascribed to Lawson by Colin Chapman in a review in THE BULLETIN.

INFLATION: Under monetary despotism inflation and deflation (stagflation) can occur at the same time and in the same country, for then different segments of the economy are differently supplied with exchange media from one monopoly centre only. There are different circulation spheres and channels as well as greater or smaller time delays. For instance, governments may insist on rapid tax payments but are not so rapid when it comes to paying the bills that taxpayers send them for supplies to the government. One area or segment of all business may be flooded with currency (e.g. arms industries during a war) while others are starved for cash (like e.g., clothing or toy producers or builders during war time.) From one issuing centre a whole country can no more be evenly supplied with locally required currencies than water could be evenly supplied to it from a single spring or lake or via the weather. - Moreover, during rapid inflations prices can race ahead of the printing presses and thus cause shortages in the depreciated notes, to pay all these rapidly increasing prices with them. - JZ, 9.9.02. - DEFLATION, ARE THEY ALWAYS OPPOSITES & OCCUR ONLY ONE AFTER THE OTHER OR CAN THEY OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME IN THE SAME COUNTRY?

INFLATION: Voluntary restraints by private industry in new investments in plant, machinery and new office blocks could curb inflation.” - Popular and "expert" opinion. - The on-going inflation is a strong incentive to borrow long term and invest this money by buying capital values that preserve their value even during inflations and then, finally, repaying these loans with inflated paper money. The suggestion tackles effects, not causes. – On the other hand, most lenders have anyhow second thoughts on lending in medium- or long-terms, when they can be repaid, nominally, in inflated paper money. Thus, instead, they might invest in rare metals, diamonds or art work, which will at least preserve their value. Such investments by debtors and creditors would at least partly reduce job-producing investments. Why not discuss, instead, a voluntary restraint of the institutions of monetary despotism and their activities – or, much better and quite rightfully, their outlawry? - JZ, n.d., 6.4.97, 19.1.09, 17.9.13. - VOLUNTARY RESTRAINTS OR REPEAL OF THE LAWS OF MONETARY DESPOTISM, THUS ALLOWING FULL MONETARY FREEDOM? DIS.

INFLATION: War, pestilences, plagues, and catastrophes rarely bring about the fall of a nation; but inflation has been responsible for the downfall of many great empires of the past." - John Howard Pew, THE FREEMAN, 3/76. - I would not have minded it, if inflations had only brought empires down. Alas, it pulled their subjects down, too! - JZ, 18.2.83.

INFLATION: We don't have to put people out of work to control inflation. The goal of the next decade should be to fight inflation and unemployment through supply-side incentives to put more goods on the shelves. That's the way to cut prices and boost employment.” - Lloyd Bentsen, Statement of Joint Economic Committee of Congress, 1980. – As if goods and services could be as simply multiplied as the note printing presses can multiply a forced and exclusive currency. The government’s money issue monopoly and legal tender for its “currency” should be repealed and the sellers of wanted consumer goods and services should be free to issue their own, sound and competing currencies, optional and market rated, i.e. refusable and discountable, under free choice of value standards, all of them with “shop-foundation” or “readiness-to-accept-foundation” and priced out in sound and self-chosen value standards, instead of the official and monopolistic one of monetary despotism, which are not genuine value standards but, rather parodies of them. Then inflation would automatically come to a stop while deflations could be easily avoided. Compare my online  essay, The Soft Option, in PEACE PLANS 19B on this. - JZ, 13.1.09. UNEMPLOYMENT, INVESTMENTS, JOBS, MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: we find at once all the little princes vying with one another in diminishing the coin.” ... – F. A. Hayek: Denationalization of Money, p.28. – They “only” diminished the gold- or silver-contents of their coins. In size and appearance and nominal value they did and do pretend that they would be the same. With more sense, they would have used paper money, based upon tax foundation and using a sound value standard, like e.g. a certain weight of gold or silver to measure its value, their taxes and all goods, services and labour priced in these value standards, merely accounting and clearing with them in rare metal units, without promising any redemption in them. They would also not have monopolized the money issue but thrown it open to free competition. At least indirectly and for a while they would also have benefited from that, e.g. by increasing their revenues, even from considerably reduced tax rates, as a result of greater productivity and prosperity, as long as the subjects were still prepared to tolerate taxes and their rule. History would have taken another and better course from then on. – Instead, monetary despotism still rules in practice and in most “heads” that never thought sufficiently about such subjects. – With predictable bad results. – JZ, 13.1.09, 17.9.13.

INFLATION: We should not ask: How many per cent will inflation be this year but rather: How can we bring it to a stop? - JZ, 13.2.75. – I encountered almost no serious interest in the second question. – JZ, 13.1.09, 17.9.13.

INFLATION: well up till after the second world war, inflation and deflation were terms used to describe shifts in the relationship between the volume of commodities, services and land being offered for sale and the volume of money being available for their purchase, to the extent of causing generally and persistently rising or falling prices.” - A. R. Cannon, GOOD GOVERNMENT, 6/75. - Again, only coercive and exclusive money is considered - as if one could derive from it and it alone natural economic laws of money! - JZ, 18.2.83. – Marx made one of his few intelligent remarks on this. “... observers who studied the phenomena of money circulation exclusively on the examples of the circulation of legal tender paper money, had to overlook the inherent laws of monetary circulation." - In: "Zur Kritik der Politischen Oekonomie" (Critique of Political Economy), S. 129 of the Dietz, Berlin 1951 edition. Quoted in PEACE PLANS 19A. - Land is never a suitable backing for any currency, no more so than capital securities are. – JZ, 14.9.13. – They are only a sound basis for the issue of capital securities. – JZ, 17.9.13.

INFLATION: What is spent merely equals the number of dollars floating around, multiplied by the number of times they change hands. What is received simply equals the number of things sold, multiplied by their prices. Since these two equals [are?-JZ] equal, the relationship between prices and other things can easily be figured out. Say dollar bills don't change hands faster than usual and that there aren't more things being bought than usual. Then, if the number of dollars floating around increases, prices have nowhere to go but up. How do these excess dollars come into existence? Because someone is doing this thing with a printing press, but not in a damp dark basement. It's happening in the well-lit offices of the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve, Washington, D.C. 20551.” - Angus Black: A New Radical's Guide … p. 37. - He ignores that his description applies only to forced and exclusive dollars. - JZ, 18.2.83. They can easily be issued to excess or under-supplied, causing inflations and deflations and, sometimes, both phenomena together, in “stagflations” (when prices race ahead of the note printing presses, in expectation of further inflation.). – JZ, 14.1.09, 17.9.13.

INFLATION: Whatever temporary benefits accrue to debtors as a result of inflation are finally nullified, because monetary inflation is the power of confiscation. The debtor confiscates the creditor's wealth by paying off in worthless money for valuable goods or properties.” - Rousas J. Rushdoony, Politics of Guilt and Pity, p.229. – But under such conditions who, among the possible creditors, remains foolish enough to grant any further credits, unless under extraordinary high interest rates? And even the highest interest rates cannot keep up with a galloping inflation. Thus, finally even turn-over credits, necessary for employment, not only long-term credits, are no longer available under inflation and sales difficulties, bankruptcies and unemployment result, just like during deflations and the economy becomes largely reduced to barter transactions – with their inherent limits in costs in time and energy. – JZ, 19.1.08. - CREDITORS & DEBTORS, STAGFLATION

INFLATION: When a forced and exclusive currency depreciates considerably, during a galloping inflation, from day to day, week to week, etc., and as an investor the creditor could only be certain that, if at all, then he would only be repaid in depreciated money, then he would be a fool if he continued saving and investing. To that extent much of the production, which depends upon further investments, comes to a stop, causing a corresponding depression and unemployment, not a boom economy and full employment. Furthermore, once prices race ahead of the note printing presses, inflations will at the same time become deflationary or stagflations. Within a system of monetary despotism there are only hard and costly options of ending an inflation. The moderate steps merely prolong the stagflation. The soft options of free markets in this sphere, offered by monetary freedom, are not possible under monetary despotism. Thus inflations are often continued, although not desired, out of fear of sharply increased mass unemployment, which would be politically even less acceptable. If the victimisers of this system are not prepared to give up their wrongful powers, then the victims of it should at least consider no longer granting them these powers. - JZ, 28.4.97, 17.9.13. – PEACE PLANS 19B, INFLATIONARY DEPRESSIONS OR STAGFLATIONS:

INFLATION: When a great body of men are preaching the righteousness of the confiscation of property, the stability of the society is threatened, even though the method of confiscation be simply the depreciation of the currency for the benefit of the discontented poor.” - Andrew C. McLaughlin, The Confederation and the Constitution, 1905, in THE FREEMAN, 3/76. - Inflation is not a benefit to the discontented poor, no matter what many "economists" say, politicians assert and people believe! - JZ, 18.2.83. - As debtors they get limited and temporary benefits. As creditors (e.g. wage- and salary recipients) they lose and in the longer run also as debtors. - JZ, 15.11.02, 17.9.13.

INFLATION: When you wet your bed, first it is warm, then it gets cold.” - James Joyce. - DEFICIT FINANCING, FULL EMPLOYMENT POLICY OF KEYNES, JOKES

INFLATION: Who cares about long-term depreciation by slow inflation? In the long run we are all dead! - A flippant opinion ascribed to Maynard Keynes. - This view overlooks e.g. the effect a slow and steady (if it remains steady and slow!) inflation has e.g. upon old age pension claims. We cannot simply assume that after their retirement everybody will simply die off, uncomplaining and unaffected by inflation. Only after his death will he finally not care any longer. But in the meantime, often for years to decades, he is wrongly impoverished by inflation. Rightly so only to the extent that he never cared about such questions at all and never worked towards monetary freedom to replace the monetary despotism that placed him into poverty. - If he were made aware how rich he could be, in his old age, after a normal working life, if bearable premiums were paid, not taxed, productively invested, credit insured, preserved by value-preserving clauses, not subject to forced loans or interest rate restrictions, in an economy neither impoverished and misled by inflations, deflations and stagflations, - that then he could, at least in his old age, be even a multi-millionaire in assets, then we would finally be close to a monetary revolution. Possibly also a political one. For who would willingly consent to being prevented from honestly becoming a multimillionaire by his own efforts, his insurance, savings and investment arrangements (or by those who would act as his agents and trustees), instead of being continuously robbed or cheated by the governments, as happens now? Presently, there is, possibly, not one voter in a million who is so enlightened. And governmental avenues as well as popular media avenues are rather closed to such ideas. Thus flippant apologists for monetary despotism, like M. Keynes, got away with it for decades and the central banking system that he favours has still got us in its claws and has invaded and occupied most minds. - JZ, 14.4.97, 6.9.02. – MONETARY & FINANCIAL DESPOTISM, CENTRAL BANKING, TAXATION

INFLATION: Who is to blame for inflation? - This or that group of claimants, with their inflationary demands. This or that group of conspirators, financiers, speculators, unionists, shopkeepers etc.” - Popular opinion. - The question should not be "who?" but "what?" - While the few who can, under monetary despotism, initiate the and continue the wrongful inflation process, quite legally, do have motives, these are not the causes which make inflation possible. I may have a motive to cause an inflation but I do not have the power to do so. Neither have you. I possess neither an issue monopoly for my notes, nor do they have legal tender power, like those of the central bank. Nor does any private bank or financial institution, subordinated to monetary legislation and to the central bank has any such power. One should not try to assign blame without referring at all to the legislation of monetary despotism and paying attention to legalized central banks and their "principles" and practices of operation. - 7.4.97, 17.9.13. - Free people can only oblige themselves to accept their own notes in payment for their goods, services or debts owed to them, they cannot oblige others, who are not their debtors, to accept these notes at all or to accept them at par with their nominal value. Thus they cannot cause an inflation of all prices, wages, salaries, fees, etc. that are reckoned and priced in sound value standards and sound exchange media using such standards. - JZ, 4.9.02. - CAUSE OR GUILT? WHO OR WHAT IS TO BLAME? CONSPIRACY NOTIONS, PERSONAL INSTEAD OF CAUSAL THINKING, LEGAL TENDER LAWS, CENTRAL BANKING, MONETARY DESPOTISM

INFLATION: Within a few years to decades the governments, through the money-issue monopoly of its central bank and the legal tender power granted to their notes, the central banks, these supposed “guardians” and “protectors” of the national currencies, have usually managed to reduce the purchasing power of their statist currency to a fraction, often down to 10% and even less than that. The abolition of the money issue monopoly and the legal tender power for its money, both to be considered major crimes, are doing enormous harm to all economies, expropriating people via the inflation tax and impoverishing them also through involuntary mass unemployment and sales difficulties, always with all too many innocent or ignorant victims, insufficiently informed on their own individual rights and liberties, are thus major jobs ahead of us. With these legalized wrongs we will get rid of inflations, deflations, stagflations, mass unemployment and most other economic crises. – Although the repeal of the laws of monetary despotism should be easy, in practice, probably, a peaceful monetary freedom revolution will be required and this requires a sufficient and preceding monetary enlightenment. – Except for the examples of my own anthology of private drafts of human rights and liberties, in PEACE PLANS 589/90, available from me digitized as email attachments, until it appears online or on a disk, I do not know of any such declarations which do sufficiently express the monetary and financial rights as well. – (It is still supposed to be at www.butterbach.net/lmp/cd2/ but I could not access it there, recently. – JZ, 17.9.13.) If any others do exist, please point them out to me. – During the sufficient publication and discussion of such drafts, on the road to an ideal one, monetary and financial rights and liberties will also be made widely known. - JZ, 11.7.98, 26.9.08. – DEFLATION, STAGFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, MONETARY FREEDOM REVOLUTION

INFLATION: Without inflation there would be payment difficulties in the payment of wages and pensions.” - Popular opinion. - With inflation there are also payment difficulties in the payment of wages and pensions. Wage and pension recipients are only partly paid, by being paid in depreciated money and, since prices tend to race ahead of rapid inflationary money issues, money is then often so short that even the government, not only private producers and distributors, do find it difficult to pay their suppliers and employees. There is much historical evidence for the reality of such payment difficulties in spite of or because of monetary inflation. - Strikes multiply during times of inflation, indicating that the ability of employers is not so much increased by inflations that they can readily give in to any wage demands. - Nor should one assume that all sectors of an economy are equally supplied with the inflated currency. The government sector and some privileged private sectors may be over-supplied while, at the same time, other sectors may be under-supplied. Price adaptations to inflations and deflations are neither instantaneously nor completely evenly and proportionate. Both introduce enormous artificial distortions and miscalculations. - JZ, 2. 4. 97. – As if wages and salaries could not also be paid in sound alternative currencies, i.e. competing monies with sound value standards. Such payments are not impossible but merely outlawed by the money issue monopoly and legal tender laws, which could and should be repealed almost instantly or simply ignored. – Neither is inflation a cure for deflation nor is deflation a cure for inflation. – JZ, 13.1.09. - PAYMENT DIFFICULTIES, DEFLATION

INFLATION: Without legal tender and the note issue monopoly, i.e., under free market rating for competing and optional currencies and their freely chosen value standards, no inflation is possible. A systematic historical research would soon provide enough evidence for this precondition for inflation. So many more or less silly researches are officially financed. This kind is not. I have recently challenged my State MP to initiate it through the Liberal Party's research department. But I do doubt that this will happen. The best way to convince someone else is not to try to convince him against his will by raining facts and arguments down upon him but, rather, to challenge him into convincing himself and to appeal to his self-interest for doing so. - JZ, 19.3.97. My own letter, to the Australian Liberal Party's research department, through the local MP, trying to follow this advice, received no response at all. One cannot effectively appeal to the knowledge and reason of politicians, not even to their self-interest, outside of their usual channels of "thought", "ideas" and "interests". However, unlike a Stalin, Hitler or Mao, they did not order my imprisonment or execution. - JZ, 28.8.02.

INFLATION: Your cheques are not legal tender. Thus you could not cause an inflation, even with the worst intentions. Only the government can and does cause inflation - with its legal tender paper money, which is also a monopoly money, i.e. the only money that you are “free” to use for monetary transactions. – JZ, n.d. & 17.9.13.

INFLATION: Zimbabwe is introducing 100 billion dollar bills on 20.7.08, worth only about 2 loafs of bread – if they can find it.” – ABC Radio News, 20.7.08. – Even the most despotic government is no longer safe under its extreme inflation, far less is a democratic government under such conditions. It is not “Zimbabwe” or the people of Zimbabwe, who introduced as fast an inflation but, rather, its misgovernment, with the help of its monopolistic and coercive central bank system, amounting to monetary despotism. Obviously, individuals should not be allowed to introduce 100 billion dollar bills – or any other and smaller ones, as legal tender (compulsory acceptance and forced value). Neither should any government be granted such an extremely dangerous, wrongful and harmful privilege. – JZ, 19.9.08.

INFLUENCE: Facts and correct ideas will influence behavior, at least of some people, only if they are free to find them, and their search is sufficiently facilitated - by a free market for facts, opinions, ideas and opportunities - and if they are freed to act upon them. Submitting them to territorial rulers would just waste time, energy and good paper. They prefer to continue as top dogs ruling over ignorant and prejudiced masses in their territorial prisons and slaughterhouses. - JZ, 25.8.93, 22.10.02, 14.1.09. - POWER, PANARCHISM, SECESSION, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, LEADERSHIP, POLITICIANS, RULERS

INFLUENCE: Let no man imagine that he has no influence. Whoever he may be, and wherever he may be placed, the man who thinks becomes a light and a power.” - Henry George (1839-1897), Social Problems (1884). - He needs a market for his ideas and talents, too. This market his not yet been sufficiently, far less optimally developed. – The supply of and demand for better ideas and for talents has not yet been automatically brought together. - JZ, 25.11.02, 14.1.09. - IMAGINATION, INDIVIDUALS, POWER

INFLUENCE: You can either be influenced or be an influence.” – Ken Duncan – Imagine the influence a comprehensive digital libertarian ideas archive could come to have, also a comprehensive digital libertarian library, bibliography, abstracts and review compilation and a combined alphabetical index. – Without such basic tools the science of libertarianism cannot be sufficiently developed. - JZ, 17.9.13. – IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTARIANISM, SCIENCE OF LIBERTY & RIGHTS OPTIONS

INFLUENCING PEOPLE: There comes a time when the twig can no longer be bent.” – Dagobert D. Runes, A Dictionary of Thought. - Minds set like concrete can't be bent. Trying it is a waste of time and energy. - , 26.7.92. – Minds over-filled with popular errors, prejudices and myths on politics, economics cannot be easily penetrated by any truths in these spheres. – But some changes of public opinion and then of laws do sometimes occur nevertheless. E.g. the legally prescribed and rather extreme shopping hour restrictions in Australia were, finally, abolished. – The government could abolish TV licencing charges – but could not re-introduce them. – But in too many spheres public opinion becomes enlightned only with glacial slowness. This is largely the result of territorialism, which prevents experimental freedom for volunteers in some of the most important spheres. - JZ, 14.1.09. PROPAGANDA, AGITATION, ENLIGHTENMENT, EDUCATION, PANARCHISM, DIS., COMMUNICATIOIN

INFORMALITY: A tolerant informality and absence of imposed order leads, in the long run, to a high degree of natural order and even of harmony. - JZ, 11/73, 26.10.02, 14.1.09. - ORDER, NATURAL ORDER, FREEDOM, TOLERANCE, DIVERSITY, COEXISTENCE, PANARCHISM, PEACE, SECURITY

INFORMATION & MONEY: Money, according to some money reformers, is pure information. If that were true then pure scholars would be very attractive parties on the marriage market and money worries would not plague them. As it is, information, particularly on innovations in the social and legislative or custom ridden sphere and invention knowledge or any knowledge not corresponding to accepted and authority-supported knowledge or models, is among the hardest items to sell. It is certainly not a popular currency or ready cash. One of the main reasons for this is that no ready and specialised and world-wide market exists for it and innovators. Patent offices, venture capital firms, novelty shops, catalogues of novelties offered, broadcasted inventor shows and inventors' exhibitions can only satisfy a fraction of this market requirement. An ideal market would bring all existing supplies of ideas - and special talents - together with all existing demand for them and with all future demand for them. The Global Ideas Bank of the London Institute for Social Inventions, established on the Internet, is merely a step in this direction. - As it is, money may often buy some kind of information but not all the relevant information. And all relevant information is not ready cash and cannot always buy ready cash. Since information comes in millions of varieties the “description” of money merely as “information” does not inform us sufficiently and is largely only a play with words. Money and information are not identical, even while much information can already be turned into cash and while cash can buy much information. – Naturally, a sound money is informative about its purchasing power and this purchasing power can be easily tested in the nearest shop. While exclusive information has some special value, knowledge, wide-spread, is not thereby depreciated or becomes less useful by becoming even more widely spread and used. (Only the rarity value of knowledgeable people can become reduced. If every doctor had also the specialist knowledge of medical specialists, the specialists could not charge as much and the waiting periods for their services would be shortened.) While knowledge is providing some kind of standard, it is often expanded and discredits former theories, convictions and assumptions. It is thus hardly useful as a standard of value. It is too changeable for that. At a time when information has been said to be exploding, it hardly makes sense to equate it with money, far less a sound money. This in spite of the fact that money, too, expresses some relevant information and does that in some useful and round figures and some useful and widely accepted standards. (Or, rather, in a governmentally and legally imposed flawed value standard, which is all too much manipulated.) The main information it expresses is that of prices, fees, charges, costs, profits and potential earnings and opportunities. - Like all vast generalisations, this is wrong in too many particular cases to be really valuable as informative “information”. It would be more correct to say that money represents either a legalized fiat or an agreement on payment and debt settlement or an agreement on a particular way of mutually clearing one's debts in a convenient way. But it is far from true to say that all information is like ready cash and coinable by its holder into notes or coins for local circulation. This in spite of the fact that every day knowledge and skills and capabilities and abilities are sold for cash - or clearing certificates. That still does not make them identical. - However, it is true that knowledge or information, combined with skills, abilities and resources are behind all goods, services, labours and capital values offered for sale, which, in their turn, can be used to issue currencies or capital securities upon. Even assuming that almost all consumer goods and capital goods were suddenly destroyed and only enough remained to allow people to survive at a minimum level, knowledge would permit them to restore their former wealth rather fast, unless natural catastrophes would prevent them from doing so. The notion that information equals money or is money is no more sound than the notion that a labour standard of value would be ideal. Millions of involuntary unemployed prove that their information, skills and labour potential is far from having a ready cash value for them, under conditions of monetary despotism. Under monetary freedom, their readiness to accept their own IOUs in payment, whenever anyone buys their knowledge, skills or labour, could, indeed, to the extent that they would get such IOUs accepted, provide them with some exchange media and, finally, with paid jobs, in which these IOU's would be included in their pay packets. They would be paid with these IOU's, having anticipated their payment already when they issued their IOU's in their spending for consumer goods and services. In short, issue freedom and clearing freedom and knowledge of the sound technique for both and the practice of this knowledge and the ability to practise it, in spite of legal suppression attempts and condemnation by experts of such self-help measures, are required to turn information or ability and capacity and willingness to work or serve (labour or professional skills and services) into some form of ready cash. - But just try to coin your knowledge and information and skills now, into your own paper money and see whether people will readily accept it. Only if they knew that you had some money or payment coming to you - will some accept your personal scrip or IOU and see to it that these IOUs are later presented to you, in payment, as soon as possible. – Saying that money is information does not inform about what kind of information a money must contain in order to be useful enough as an exchange medium. Such a “definition” amounts to a message slip that is blank, i.e. has not contents, no genuine information value. - The “information” in the heads of many to most money reformers and their written proposals is all too much muddled with flawed assumptions and conclusions, popular prejudices and errors to have any informative and practical value. Nevertheless, at their own risk and expense they should be free to try to apply it among themselves. - JZ, 27.4.89, 16.5.97, 14.1.09. – IDEAS ARCHIVE & ITG: IDEAS, TALENT & GENIUS CENTRE, INDIVIDUAL ISSUERS, CLEARING FOR INDIVIDUALS, POTENTIAL ISSUERS, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM FOR ALL KINDS OF MONEY REFORMERS

INFORMATION AGE: the Information Age will make it increasingly obvious that the nation-state … is a predatory institution. With each year that passes, it will seem less a boon to prosperity and more an obstacle, one from which the individual will want to escape." - James Dale Davidson & William Rees-MOGG, The Sovereign Individual, MacMillan, & Simon & Schuster, 1997, 117. - The Internet does promote prejudices, errors and myths as well as truths - and swamps truths with them. It will need special enlightenment and information steps, measures, institutions and processes to make truth victorious over errors, prejudices, lies etc. The Internet, merely by its existence, does not automatically assure that. - Have the anti-statists made better use of its options so far than the statists? Remember, for instance, how effectively Hitler made use of planes and radios for his campaigns. - The Soviet propaganda and media monopoly has left still about 30% of the Russians "thinking" like communists! – At least it did so for some months or even years after that regime fell. And libertarians haveso fare failed to offer them, and other victims, elsewhere, a complete and consistent liberation program. - So many hopes connected with the printing press, a free press and the new mass media and a "free" education system and "free" libraries were disappointed. A genuinely cultural revolution and new age of enlightenment requires more than the mere existence of powerful technologies. That of microfilm has now existed for many decades - and how extensively has it been used by freedom lovers? - JZ, 23.4.00. – All books, all freedom texts could now be offered very cheaply and widely digitally. But, are they? – JZ,  14.1.09. – What fraction of all books is so far offered cheaply or free of charge in digitized form and what fraction even of all the best books. As a result this age, too, is, rather, an all too under-informed age. – JZ, 2.5.13, 17.9.13. -  NATION STATE, TERRITORIALISM, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, PANARCHISM, INFORMATION REVOLUTION

INFORMATION AGE: T. J. Rodgers, founder of Cypress Semiconductor, says: “The winners and losers in the information age will be differentiated by brainpower. It takes two percent of Americans to feed us all, and five percent to make everything we need. Everything else will be service and information technology, and in that world humans and brains will be the key variable.” - Thomas Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, p.223, Harper Collins Publishers, ISBN 0 00 655139 4 www.fireandwater.com - FOOD & OTHER GOODS PRODUCTION VS. SERVICE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ABUNDANCE, NO SCARCITY ANY LONGER? PRODUCTION PROBLEM SOLVED? DIS.,

INFORMATION EXPLOSION: We are over-fed with information - mainly the wrong type of information - and overwhelmed by so many events around us and conscious of so little decision-making power remaining in our hands that a large degree of apathy inevitably results. - JZ, 19.7.87.

INFORMATION EXPLOSION: We talk about the information explosion, with all the satellites, computer nets, and so on, but Eva used to say it's a misinformation explosion.” - James P. Hogan, The Mirror Maze, 275/276. - COMPUTERS, INTERNET, WEBSITES, PREJUDICES, DIS.

INFORMATION EXPLOSION: Wisdom everywhere is being crushed under the dead weight of purposeless information.” - British playwright, John Sessions, upon acquiring his first computer. – INFORMATION OVERLOAD, JUDGMENT, LEARNING SELECTIVELY

INFORMATION REVOLUTION: modern societies are essentially information-based.” - Peter Robinson, THE NATIONAL TIMES, 23.9.82. - Libertarians should be largely information based, much more so than they are now, and thus enable themselves to gradually influence the whole of society. - , 4.11.82. - Even the cavemen could survive only long enough by accumulating and applying some knowledge. To that extent the advance of man from animal to a semi-civilized being was always information-based. The best, the most creative computers, are still our heads - and, like most computers, they remain largely unused or under-utilized. We haven't even explored all the potential of photocopiers for preserving and multiplying texts, far less e.g. microfilms, floppy disks and CD- DVD & HDD options. Libertarians have still not compiled for themselves a comprehensive encyclopaedia, bibliography, directory, index, abstracts and review compilation, not even a single comprehensive libertarian library in all the world. Mouthing such phrases and hoping for the best from the still all too limited services of the Internet, is just not good enough. - JZ, 24.10.02.

INFORMATION REVOLUTION: A new generation is on the stage, ill-acquainted even with the facts of forty years ago.” - John Bright, 1879. - We need a new generation, one with access to all the facts, ideas and opinions, and interested and prepared to look them up whenever they require them. - JZ, 5.7.86, 24.10.02. –– Compare: “Each new generation is like a new invasion of barbarians!” – It is often difficult to get them to read anything! Possibly as an automatic reaction to compulsory schooling. – JZ, 14.1.09.

INFORMATION REVOLUTION: As we move from an economy based on money and ownership to one based on information, the way we interpret information becomes a key issue.” - Jeremy Horey, THE AUSTRALIAN. (Date entry was lost.) - We can't survive merely by lecturing each other and supplying each other with literature. Try to eat the screened or printed-out words from your computer - or use them as a shelter again rain, wind and snow. Is an economy merely based on information or upon production, on real services, provided in division of labour, with tools, machines, capital, raw materials, transport facilities and on free exchange of products and services, in whatever form that is done, with or without money tokens? While knowledge, skills and ideas, better tools and machines, as well as better communication, can greatly increase productivity and facilitate exchange, we cannot live on them directly. An economy needs information, e.g. that of the free pricing system, but we cannot live by reading classified advertisements or the share prices published by the stock exchange. And how long could we survive without private property and self-ownership? How many Internet users managed so far to make their living from it? And even then they can ultimately do so only via distributing goods or services through it. (Those committing fraud through it still live at the expense of the production of goods by others.) Some intellectuals fancy that they provide the only really required services. At least these would be over-paid, I believe, even if they received only a minimum wage. Let them live from and within their intellectual structures, with no one forced to listen to them or to read them or to follow their advice. Their economic knowledge and interest is all too often negative and then they make such absurd statements. - The assertion that we live in an information age and that our whole economy is based upon it, is very popular. But you cannot eat information or readily exchange it for edibles in the local supermarket. Just try to do so. If you are a sufficiently skilled or strong bio-robot they might use you as a packer or stacker. If you are better educated you might be employed as a cashier or even as a supervisor. But, try to sell other information there! Or anywhere! An Ideas Archive and Talent Centre or Genius Employment Agency does not yet exist. The wisest men do not rule and are not used as advisors of those that do. Information to prevent war, poverty, unemployment, inflation, deflation, stagflation, despotism, or to end them, does exist - but just try to publicise it or sell it to someone. I offer lots of freedom, peace and justice information on the 1779 microfiche of my PEACE PLANS series - but there is hardly any demand for it. - Naturally, one has to distinguish between information that is popular or fashionable or amusing or part of a game or bet, and misinformation that amounts to prejudices, errors, false dogmas etc., but that may still be very popular. So far, the new technical options for information sources have not promoted all the old and new truths sufficiently nor refuted all the old and new errors sufficiently. Instead, they have added more errors and prejudices and left them unquestioned, too and even very popular or predominant, like this one, regardless of its truthfulness, merit or lack of it. - See: SYMBOLIC MONEY, ELECTRONIC MONEY. - What is transferred with these is not just information but the information that consists in claims or rights to ownership. And these claims are a form of money. - J.Z, 29.4.97. – INFORMATION-BASED ECONOMY? REPLACING PRODUCTION? DIS.

INFORMATION REVOLUTION: Be part of and win thus the information revolution - if you have any truths to spread. - JZ, 15.5.78.

INFORMATION REVOLUTION: Imposing unwanted information on others is not truly civil." - F. M. Busby, Getting Home, p.27. – Information must be wanted to be shared. – JZ, n.d. - To be receptive for information people often must already know enough. – JZ, 17.9.13. - CIVILITY, POLITENESS, CONSIDERATION, GENTLEMEN, INFORMATION REVOLUTION, MASS MEDIA, PRESS, KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION, ENLIGHTENMENT, PUBLICITY, BROADCASTING, NEWS, IDEAS ARCHIVE, SUPERCOMPUTER PROJECT

INFORMATION SOCIETY: transform America from an industrial society into an information society.” - Newt Gingrich, Window of Opportunity, A Blueprint for the Future, p.111. - One cannot eat information, live in it, clothe in it, travel in it, one can only try to trade it for what one needs to survive. - JZ, 3.6.00 & 23.1.02. – All such spleens spread all too fast all over the world and take root even in otherwise good heads. How can one uproot them again without an encyclopedia of the best refutations? Information can now be collected and spread at close to zero costs. It should be so offered. One could then only live off it if one applied it productively. Otherwise it is as absurd as trying to make a living for each by each taking in the washing of the other, as some proverb has it. Already merely by its language, literature, poetry, songs and traditions every society is an “information’ society. So what? Is that enough to make it survive from day to day, without productive work, without food, shelter and clothing? Without the things that have to be produced to assure our survival? Naturally, in production we should utilize all information that is useful in it. We cannot live off information alone. Unknown and thus unappreciated writers, poets, and other artists, inventors and discoverers would starve to death if not aided by materially productive people. – JZ, 14.1.09. VS. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? VS. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? DIS.

INFORMATION: After all it is setting a high value upon our opinions to roast men and women alive on account of them.” - Michel Eyquem de Montaigne. – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION & INFORMATION, OPINIONS, ATROCITIES, TORTURE:

INFORMATION: All information is public property.” – Quoted in: P. J. O’Rourke, The CEO of the Sofa, Atlantic Monthly Press, 841 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003, 2001, p.191. – At the very least all peace, justice and freedom information. – JZ, 5.1.09. – Are all the governmental secrets already public property? – JZ, 2.5.13. - COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, SECURITY, SECRECY, CORRUPTION, MISMANAGEMENT

INFORMATION: As a general rule the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information.” - Benjamin Disraeli. - So why haven't libertarians assembled all their information as yet and made it cheaply and permanently accessible? - JZ, 29.11.02. – And why, according to a biography of Disraeli that I recently read, did he often resort to lies rather than the truth? – Are e.g. U.S. Presidents really the best informed men in the U.S.A.? - JZ, 14.1.09. – SUCCESS, PRESIDENTS, RULERS

INFORMATION: False information - false results.” - Frank Herbert, Dune, Complete & unabridged edition, p.222. – Rather, one gets those results, which are correctly the inevitable result of the application of false information. – Correct information, correctly applied, leads to correct or consistent results. - JZ, 5.1.09, 17.9.13. - He should rather have said: "hurtful results"! - JZ - TRUTH, FACTS, GIGO, RED., DIS., KNOWLEDGE, IDEAS ARCHIVE

INFORMATION: Give light and people will find their own way.” - Author Unknown. – The fallacy of the better mousetrap – in other words. – It is much easier to adopt popular errors and prejudices than genuine truths and enlightenment. - JZ, 14.1.09. - KNOWLEDGE, LIGHT, EDUCATION, ENLIGHTENMENT, IDEAS ARCHIVE, DIS.

INFORMATION: Good information is hard to come by.” - QUANTUM, 12.8.96. - And even harder to clearly distinguish from masses of flawed or incorrect information. - JZ, 19.10.02, 17.9.13. – IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTARIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA, HANDBOOK ON PANARCHISM, ENCYLOPEDIA OF MONETARY FREEDOM

INFORMATION: Information is energy. In every transfer it loses something.” – ( “Information ist Energie. Bei jeder Weitergabe verliert sie etwas davon.”) - Wolfgang Herbst. – A genuine science is built up upon previously proven findings and it is not only popularized but also correctly transmitted to serve other scientific truth seekers. – JZ, 17.9.13.

INFORMATION: Information is not good enough if it is not complete and truthful enough. On social problems most people know and have access only a fraction of the total information - and most of this is not true. - JZ, 27.10.00, 5.1.09. – IDEAS ARCHIVE, WORLD LIBRARY, LIBERTARIAN LIBRARY, LIBERTARIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA & BIBLIOGRAPHY & ABSTRACTS & REVIEW COLLECTION, LIBERTARIAN IDEAS ARCHIVE, REFUTATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA

INFORMATION: Information is the glue of society “ – (Information ist der Kitt der Gesellschaft.) - Wiener. - Information is the record of society and science. It not only holds us together but also pulls us apart, into separate intentional communities. But many of our divisions are based upon incomplete or misunderstood information. - JZ, 5.7.12. – There is also much contradictory information offered by e.g. not only the many different political parties but, according to the latest count, over 30 000 religious groups, which rather splits up society and can even cause civil wars when such groups are not tolerant but make exclusive territorial claims or even aim at world domination. Add to these the numerous special interest and lobby groups, all seeking privileges for themselves. – Let people sort themselves out according to the different degrees of information they possess or believe to possess, and according to the differences in their faiths, in their own communities of volunteers, all without any territorial monopolly but under full exterritorial autonomy. Only then can they can live in peace with each other, in spite of their great diversity. Shared views and tolerance for the different views and actions in other communities would hold them sufficiently together and minimize frictions. - JZ, 14.1.09. – SOCIETY, DIVERSITY, TOLERANCE FOR TOLERANT EXPERIMENTS & COMMUNITIES OF VOLUNTEERS DOING THEIR OWN THINGS: PANARCHIES IN A GENERAL CONDITON OF PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY VS. TERRITORIALISM, VOLUNTARISM VS. COMPULSION AS THE “GLUE” FOR A GENUINELY FREE SOCIETY

INFORMATION: Information is the oxygen of the modern age. It seeps through the walls topped by barbed wire, it wafts across the electrified borders.” - Ronald Reagan. – Alas, all too often all too slowly and insufficiently. It has not prevented the mass murder of over 200 million people during the last century by totalitarian regimes. – Much that could and should have been done to spread truthful information further, fast and successfully, was not done and is still not being done. – A genuinely cultural revolution, to speed up the process of enlightenment has still to be organized. - JZ, 14.1.09. – NEW DRAFT, IDEAS, BORDERS, INFORMATION REVOLUTION? ENLIGHTENMENT, PUBLIC OPINION, PREJUDICES, IGNORANCE, KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION, A GENUINELY CULTURAL REVOLUTION

INFORMATION: The whole market process then became understood as a process of transfer of information enabling men to use, and put to work, much more information and skill than they would have access to individually.” – F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit, p.97. – So why haven’t all freedom, peace and justice ideas been assembled as yet, propertly ordered, for easy and cheap access to anyone interested? – JZ, 14.1.09. – MARKET, IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTARIAN LIBRARY, LIBERTARIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY, LIBERTARIAN REVIEW & ABSTRACTS COMPILATIONS, LIBERTARIAN IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTRIAN DIRECTORY, NEW DRAFT

INFORMATION: What information consumes is rather obvious: It consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention. - Herbert Simon. - Broadcasts require receivers. For ideas, talents and many facts special archives and information services are required where supply and demand can freely meet and the distribution costs for information can be minimised. - JZ, 30.11.02. – All too often even the most important information does not attract sufficient attention to it. E.g. the ideas in my ABC Against Nuclear War. – JZ. -  In the struggle for attention among hundreds of millions of books and hundred-thousands if not already millions of websites, the law of diminishing returns applies also to just another additional one. The existing automatic website searches cannot as yet lead easily enough to new and important ideas but merely to verbal resemblances to them. JZ, 14.1.09. - INTEREST, ATTENTION, INFORMATION REVOLUTION, IDEAS ARCHIVE, SPECIAL ENCYLOPEDIAS

INFRINGEMENTS: Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves.” - William Pitt, November 18, 1783 - OF HUMAN FREEDOM, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES, NECESSITY?

INHERITANCE OF FREEDOM: The great German poet, Goethe, who also lived through a crisis of freedom, said to his generation: "What you have inherited from your fathers, earn over again for yourselves or it will not be yours." We inherited freedom. We seem unaware that freedom has to be remade and re-earned in each generation of man.” - Adlai E. Stevenson, "Politics and Morality," SATURDAY REVIEW, February 7, 1959, p. 12. - He quoted Goethe's Faust, act I, scene i, "Was du ererbt von deinen Vatern hast, / Erwirb es, um es zu besitzen." In Randall Jarrell's translation, "That which you inherit from your fathers / You must earn in order to possess. " - Goethe's Faust, p.35 (1976). - Freedom must be appreciated and earned, like a child does, when growing up, gradually, to comprehension and responsibility. - JZ, 24.11.02. – But without full freedom to practise all individual rights and liberties, at least among volunteers, how can we ever become fully use to them and take them for granted? The suppression of some basic rights, like this one, endangers all others. – From monetary despotism to totalitarianism and total war is but a step. - JZ, 15.1.09. – PANARCHISM, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, HUMAN RIGHTS

INHERITANCE: My dear Daddy knew how to make money, that's all. I don't suppose I deserved any of it, but it doesn't follow that if I didn't deserve it, then all those other people did.” - David Houston, Substance X, 18. - TESTAMENTS, LAST WILLS, HEIRS, PROFIT, WEALTH, PROPERTY, DEATH DUTY TAX

INHERITANCE: One should distinguish between dependent and independent heirs when determining any obligatory inheritance share. Only the former correspond to the duties of the deceased. However, to each and to any voluntary community their own preferred laws or customs for inheritance. - JZ, 15.4.93.

INHERITANCE: Those opposing inheritance do really aim at inheriting property from strangers, which has not been willed to them, to which they have no claim but their own envy and greed, camouflaged by egalitarian sentiments. - JZ, 21.12.95. - If they bothered to make free use of the best ideas they have inherited from mankind, then almost all of them could soon become prosperous by their own productive efforts. Alas, they ignore these options or even despise them and run them down! - JZ, 20.10.02. - AS A RIGHT & OPPOSITION AGAINST IT, EGALITARIANISM, ENVY, ANTI-CAPITALIST MENTALITY

INHUMNANITY: To speak of man's inhumanity to man is misleading. What is involved is rather man's coercive collectivism or statism towards man, which means, his coercive and organized dehumanization, the coercive prevention of natural human actions by other people. - JZ, 26.7.87. - TERRITORIAL STATISM OR TERRITORIALISM

INITIATION OF FORCE: A libertarian is a person who believes that no one has the right, under any circumstances, to initiate force against another human being, or to advocate or delegate its initiation. Those who act consistently with this principle are libertarians, whether they realize it or not. Those who fail to act consistently with it are not libertarians, regardless of what they may claim.” – L Neil Smith - LIBERTARIANISM

INITIATION OF FORCE: No one is permitted to seek values from others through the initiation of physical force or by fraud. - Once we accept the principle that man is an end unto himself and should not sacrifice himself for the good of another, by analogy it follow that other human beings should not be forced or deceived into serving our purposes. The initiation of force (or the threat thereof), as well as the concept of fraud, are totally foreign to our system and cannot be tolerated by any truly rational person towards any truly rational person.” - Glen G. Cooper, Contemporary Realism, p.23. – ZAP: ZERO AGGRESSION PRINCIPLE, NON-INITIATION OF COERCION

INITIATION OF FORCE: They have but one law, enforced by everybody, that upon possible pain of death (imposed by the intended victim at the scene and moment of the crime), you are never to start a fight.” - L. Neil Smith, Bretta Martyn, p. 287. - But, where, exactly, does a fight START? Only with the first blow? - JZ, 6.10.01. - VIOLENCE, FIGHTING, CRIME, PENALTY

INITIATIVE: A sign on the door of Opportunity reads "Push." - Author Unknown. – If only it were always as simple as that and numerous obstructive laws and bureaucracies and territorialism did not exist. – JZ, 14.1.09. - ENTERPRISE & OPPORTUNITY

INITIATIVE: All the days seem alike as they come to us, but each day comes with its own opportunities, its own calls to duty, its own privileges - holding out hands offering us radiant gifts. The day passes and never comes again. Other days as bright may come, but that day never comes a second time. If we do not take just then the gifts it offers, we shall never have another chance to get them, and shall always be poorer for what we have missed.” - J. R. Miller. . – If only it were always as simple as that and numerous obstructive laws and bureaucracies did not exist. – JZ, 14.1.09. - FREE ENTERPRISE & OPPORTUNITY

INITIATIVE: Freedom is the opportunity for continuous initiative.” - Graham Wallas. - Rightful and required is not merely coercive, centralistic, monopolistic, collectivistic - because territorial - freedom and initiative but full exterritorial autonomy for all voluntary communities and their experiments. - JZ, 6.4.89, 26.10.02. - PANARCHISM, FREEDOM, ENTERPRISE, CREATIVITY, FREE EXPERIMENTATION, INNOVATION, PERSONAL LAW, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR VOLUNTEERS

INITIATIVE: I confess that I am one of those who think that the choice, the impulse, should come from below, not from above, from the citizens, not from the legislator; and the contrary doctrine seems to me to lead to the annihilation of liberty and of human dignity.” - Bastiat, in G. C. Roche III, Frederic Bastiat, A Man Alone, p.247. - GRASSROOTS

INITIATIVE: I do not believe in a fate that falls on men however they act; but I do believe in a fate that falls on them unless they act.” - G. K. Chesterton, Generally Speaking, chapter 20, p.137 (1929). – We should not tacitly assume that people are already free and informed enough to act rightfully and rationally in every sphere. – JZ, 14.1.09. – Causes and their effects do exist. Fate is merely imagined, just like religions are. Actions simply have their consequences, often foreseeable, especially for wrongful actions. – JZ, 17.9.13. - ENTERPRISE VS. FATE, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT, TO SECEDE, TO ESTABLISH OR JOIN A PANARCHY

INITIATIVE: If you think you can do something - begin it.” - Goethe. - START-UPS, BEGINNINGS, THOUGHT INTO ACTION

INITIATIVE: Initiative is like a muscle: unless you are allowed to use it, it atrophies.” - from TV series: Hawai Five O, 26.10.89, WIN, Channel 9.

INITIATIVE: It is not necessary to hope in order to undertake, nor to succeed in order to persevere.” - Charles The Bold. - SUCCESS, BEGINNINGS, START-UPS, EXPERIMENTS, HOPE, RESISTANCE, DUTY, OBLIGATION, PERSISTENCE, PERSEVERANCE

INITIATIVE: Men will lie on their backs, talking about the fall of man, and never make an effort to get up.” - Henry David Thoreau.

INITIATIVE: What must be realized is that the straitjacket of bureaucratic organization paralyzes the individual's initiative.” - Mises, in B. B. Greaves' bibliography of the writings of Mises, 92. – BUREAUCRACY, FREEDOM OF ACTION & EXPERIMENTATION, FREE ENTERPRISE BY VOLUNTEERS IN EVERY SPHERE, PERSONAL LAW OR EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY VS. TERRITORIALISM

INITIATIVES & REFERENDUM: Democratic initiatives must not kill off private initiatives - but rather liberate them.- JZ, 4.8.92. - Except within volunteer communities a referendum should not be authorized to infringe individual rights but only to protect them. - For that reason referendum decisions should be frequently made on the height and kind of taxes and on the continuance or liquidation of existing bureaucratic organizations. Each presently assumed or usurped or legalized power of a president or federal government should be subject to referendum repeal and every new bill to a veto by a referendum. Moreover, the people should not only be "armed" with voting rights for all referendum proposals but also armed and militarily organized and trained, in autonomous volunteer militias for the protection of individual rights, quite independent from any government. - Add to this individual secessionism and the transformation of territorial governments into diverse volunteer communities that are only exterritorially autonomous and we would come close to genuinely democratic self-governments and free societies, all as free or unfree as their members want them to be. - JZ, 24.10.02. - DIRECT DEMOCRACY, SELF-GOVERNMENT, PANARCHISM

INJURIES: The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods, or no God.  It neither picks my pocket nor breaks my leg.” - Thomas Jefferson. - HARM, GOVERNMENT, RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

INJURIES: The moral cannibalism of all hedonist and altruist doctrines lies in the premise that the happiness of one man necessitates the injury of another.” - Ayn Rand. - HAPPINESS, ZERO SUM GAMES, ALTRUISM, HUMAN SACRIFICES, WELFARE STATE, TAXATION

INJURIES: It is better to suffer an injury than to do one.” - Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes, V, 45 B.C. - It is better still to hold the culprit individually responsible and best to prevent an injury in the first place or to injure only the aggressor. Self-defence is a right to which the rights of the aggressor are quite subordinated. It permits armed self-defence and even the use of deadly defensive force, but not retaliation once the offender is rendered harmless. - JZ, 17.10.85, 24.10.02. - AGGRESSION, DEFENCE, SELF-DEFENCE, FORCED, RETALIATION, CRIME

INJURIES: It is more wretched to commit than to suffer an injury.” - Seneca, Epistulae ad Lucillium, Epis. xcv, 52. - CRIME, RESPONSIBILITY

INJURIES: Mr. Mill limits the province of the civil magistrate to the repression of acts that directly and immediately injure others than the doer of them.” - John Morley, On Compromise, p.271. - If I offer your previous customers better or cheaper shirts than you could, I would injure your trade but not your rights. - JZ, n.d. - HARM, WRONG, INJUSTICE

INJURIES: No one should be injured.” - Phaedrus, Fables, book one, fable 26. - Losses suffered in free competition are not a wrongful injury. On the contrary, they prevent unnecessary costs or harm to consumers and help to induce the loss-maker to convert to a service where he can still serve the consumers, through making a living or profit for himself. - John Zube, 1.4.99. – No one should be wrongfully injured! – A life-saving or health-promoting surgery is also an injury in its operation. But, as a rule, one that is wished and paid for by its “victim”. - JZ, 15.1.09.

INJURIES: The best remedy for an injury is to forget it.” - Publius Syrus, Sententiae, c. 50 BC. - That is a bit hard to do when the injury consists in having become enslaved, although innocent or having been deprived of a beloved, by a murderous attack or when one has lost an arm or a leg. - JZ, 24.10.02.

INJURIES: The injury we do and the one we suffer are not weighted in the same scales.” - Aesop, Fables, The Partial Judge, c. 600 B.C. - Not by ourselves. That's the reason why civilized people do not always act as judge, jury and executioners in their own cases. - JZ, 24.10.02.

INJUSTICE: when once the work of injustice is begun, it is impossible to tell how far it will proceed; …” - Oliver Goldsmith, The Citizen of the World, Letter LXXX, p.223.

INJUSTICE: An unjust law is no law at all." - Saint Augustine. – An unjust law is no law at all." - Ralph Nader. - And yet, how many unjust laws are still on our statute books? – JZ, 14.1.09. – Moreover: How many new and wrongful laws are passed every years in almost every large country? – JZ, 17.9.13. - & LAW

INJUSTICE: Fear only doing wrong and you don't have to be afraid of anything else.” – Retranslated from the German version: “Fuerchte dich, unrecht zu tun - und du brauchts nichts weiter zu fuerchten.” – Benjamin Franklin. - WRONG, FEAR

INJUSTICE: Freedom from fear and injustice and oppression will be ours only in the measure that men who value such freedom are ready to sustain its possession - to defend it against every thrust from within and without.” - Dwight David Eisenhower. – Should we not fear cancer, war, accidents, death? – Not everything declared to be a right is a genuine right or a liberty. – Confusion will prevail in that sphere until, finally, an ideal declaration becomes compiled and publicized. - JZ, 14.1.09 - INSECURITY, FEAR, OPPRESSION, FREEDOM, DEFENCE, DECLARATION OF ALL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES

INJUSTICE: However small the object of an injustice may be, the injustice itself may be very great.” - Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace, Appendix II, 1795. - SMALLNESS, TRIVIAL, SIZE

INJUSTICE: Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” - Martin Luther King, ATHLANTIC MONTHLY, August 1963.

INJUSTICE: Injustice in the end produces independence.” - Voltaire, Trancrede, III/2. – But, in the meantime, all too much dependence! – Moreover, it is not the injustice that produces independence but, rather, the protest and the resistance against it. - JZ, 14.1.09. – INDEPENDENCE, DEPENDENCE

INJUSTICE: Injustice is a great mistake.” - Robert Owen. - UTILITARIANISM

INJUSTICE: Injustice is too high a price for victory. - JZ, 15.11.85. - The absence of justice, i.e. all individual rights and liberties in one's war and peace aims is already a large step toward defeat or at best towards a very expensive victory. - JZ, 23.10.02, 17.9.13. - WAR AIMS, VICTORY

INJUSTICE: Injustice to one is injustice to all; every man should resent it as if it happened to him; it did.” - Jack Williamson & James E. Gunn, Star Bridge, p.149. - In a philosophical sense it does. - But the world is presently so filled with injustices done to individuals and groups that to take note of all of them and get upset over all of them would overwhelm us and stress us so much that we might become incapable of sensible thought and action. I would rather consider these numerous cases as symptoms of our times, indicators of many large wrongs in our thoughts, actions and institutions and contemplate the basic and root causes of these and how they could be changed or ended. One cannot feed each starving child but one can see to it that conditions are established under which parents and even children can earn enough to end starvation. If, as charities advertise, a dollar a day per child would be enough for essential aid, then it becomes obvious that conditions must be changed so that each child (apart from babies and small infants) can freely earn at least a dollar a day with a few hours of productive labour. That is, obviously, not an impossible task. But the kinds of dollars to be earned are also to be considered. Obviously, those under-supplied or over-supplied by the central banks of governments are not good enough and everywhere sufficiently supplied. A competitive supply of sound local currencies or free market monies must be considered - and also freedom of movement and secession for the victims. - JZ , 21.10.02, 17.9.13. - FOREIGN AID, MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE, ABUSES, REPESSION, FREE MIGRATION, MONTARY FREEDOM, SELF-SUPPORTING CHILD LABOR, SECESSIONISM

INJUSTICE: Injustices improve your vocabulary.” - Kenneth Roberts, Rabble in Arms, p.509. - SWEARING, CURSES, ELOQUENCE, CONDEMNATIONS, ANGER, PROTESTS, LOVE OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES

INJUSTICE: It would be ridiculous to ask about the irrationality of one aspect when the entire procedure was an injustice.” - A. E. van Vogt, The Battle of Forever, p.50. - CRITICISM, IRRATIONALITY, IMMORALITY, TRIVIAL ASPECTS, MARGINAL ISSUES

INJUSTICE: No intelligent man has any respect for an unjust law.” - Robert Heinlein. - INTELLIGENCE, LAWS

INJUSTICE: Nobody commits a greater wrong than the one who commits it camouflaged as a right or as justice.” - Plato. - RIGHT, WRONG, MORALITY, ETHICS, RIGHTS, LIBERTIES

INJUSTICE: One ought not to return injustice, nor do evil to anybody in the world, no matter what one may have suffered from them.” - Sokrates, in Plato's Crito, 4th c. B.C., tr. Lane Cooper. - However, insistence upon a deterrence, reform, indemnification and a penalty for aggressive actions do hardly constitute an injustice and an evil, compared with the original aggressive action. Since ideas on crime and punishment vary greatly, we should let the various systems, that are resulting from them, compete quite freely - among those who subscribe to them and against those who interfered with the systems of others. - JZ, 24.10.02. – PANARCHISM, PUNISHMENT

INJUSTICE: Rather suffer an injustice than commit one.” – Anonymous. - Why do either? - JZ, 25. 11. 06. – If someone tries to kill you or rob you and you kill him, instead, in self-defence, you are not committing an injustice, in the moral sense, although modern laws, policemen, lawyers, and judges all to often say that you did. But they did not protect you, you did. And you did not attack but the other guy did. Now there are all kinds of lie detectors so that not even witnesses would be absolutely needed for your case. – JZ, 5.1.09.

INJUSTICE: The strictest administration of the law works the greatest injustice.” - (Summum jus, summa injuria.) - Legal Maxim. - Because of and to the extent that the laws themselves are unjust. Instances: The laws against narcotic or recreational drugs, the taxation laws and those imposing monetary despotism. That is the main sense of the maxim. Otherwise the enforcement of real justice, of natural law, or “the” law, as opposed to legal decrees and regulations, is the very definition of justice. Naturally, the penalties or indemnifications must be proportional to the wrongs and damages done. The execution of a child for stealing a lolly would hardly be justice, even if it were legalized. If all the numerous wrongful and absurd laws and regulations were strictly enforced, then much of our civilization and progress would come to a stop. Most of us would become inspectors, policemen, bureaucrats, warders or prisoners - and there would hardly be enough productive taxpayers left to support these parasitic crowds. The whole thing is so unrealistic and absurd, that we would not even have the time, energy and money to purchase or otherwise access and read and try to comprehend, far less to try to strictly obey, all the laws which our law-making automated political machines have massproduced, always under the pretence of helping, protecting and guiding us. - JZ, 10.7.86, 17.9.13. - JUSTICE, LAWS

INJUSTICE: The strictest law sometimes becomes the severest injustice.” - Terence. – Would that also be the case if all “positive” laws were kept within the framework of genuine individual rights and liberties (except within communities of volunteers, who do not wish to fully apply all these rights and liberties among themselves.)? – JZ, 14.1.09. - LAWS

INJUSTICE: There are two kinds of injustice: the first is found in those who do an injury, the second in those who fail to protect another from injury when they can.” - Cicero, De Off., I, VII. - OMISSIONS, DUTY, MUTUAL AID, ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CONTRACT, PROTECTION, OBLIGATIONS

INJUSTICE: There is only one thing that is worse than injustice, namely, justice without a sword in its hand. When right is not power, then it is evil.” - Oscal Wilde, retranslated from the German version: Es gibt nur etwas, das schlimmer ist als Ungerechtigkeit, und das ist Gerechtigkeit ohne Schwert in der Hand. Wenn Recht nicht Macht ist, ist es Uebel.” - Rather, then it leads to almost unbearable frustration, a feeling of powerlessness and helplessness, which, incombination with notions of collective responsibility and in the absence of the right to secede and join or establish one's own panarchy, leads all too many people to acts of indiscriminate terrorism. - JZ, 4.7.92, 25.10.02. – And others to apathy! – , 14.1.09.

INJUSTICE: Thoreau recognized the importance of civil disobedience, both as an individual moral statement and tactical postion. Referring to his own short imprisonment and his influence, Thoreau wrote: "If any think that their influence would be lost (in prison), and their voices no longer afflict the ear of the State, … they do not know how much truth is stronger than error, nor how much more eloquently and effectively he can combat injustice who has experienced a little on his own person." Source? - The dozens of millions of victims of concentration and extermination camps and of other mass murders would not quite agree. Their suffering, their mass murder examples, haven't stopped all further genocide attempts. Even the surviving victims have not yet learned from the undeserved collective responsibility punishments that they themselves suffered under, not to apply this "principle" themselves. E.g., Israel, too, is armed with nuclear weapons and its policing actions intended against terrorists have all too often killed or wounded many innocents. (60 % of those killed in the current Israeli military retaliation against Hamas attacks, are women and children, acording to today’s ABC radio news. But then Hamas terrorists kill even more indiscriminately, by sending rockets against villages and towns. - The territorial war aims by both sides are wrong. (*) – JZ, 14.1.09.) - Likewise, the surviving victims of indiscriminate air raids still favour, all too often, indiscriminate air raids or even ABC mass murder devices against others. Nor have enough victimized people learned their lessons to demand independence from centralized and wrongful decision-makers, by depriving them of their decision-making monopolies. All suffer from the effects of monetary despotism and still most remain blind or indifferent towards it. Most suffer from the employer-employee relationship and yet only few want to replace it by various self-management options. Man seems to learn from history only how to repeat his mistakes: "The king is dead! Long live the king!" - Let the dissenters opt out of these messes to produce their own or sound alternatives for themselves - and as shiny examples for others. - JZ , 25.10.02. - (*) There is at least some good will on the side of the Israelis: PatriotPost vol 9 no. 2 of 13.1.09: “The Palestinian population has only grown since 1948. There are more Arab citizens living in Israel proper today than there were in all of Palestine the year Israel was founded. Perhaps one reason Israel fails at genocide is that it isn't interested in genocide? That would explain why Israel warned thousands of Gazans by cell phone to leave homes near Hamas rocket stockpiles. It would clarify why, even amid all-out war, it offers aid to enemy civilians. It would even illuminate the otherwise mysterious clamor from Israelis for a viable 'peace partner.'” – Alas, most Israelis and their sympathizers have not yet realized that territorialists are not viable “peace partners” but, more or less, still advocates and practitioners of Warfare States. – JZ, 17.9.13. - INDIVIDUALS, INFLUENCE, LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE, OPTING OUT, DOING ONE'S OWN THING, PANARCHISM, SECESSIONISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, ISRAEL & ARABS OR PALESTINIANS

INJUSTICE: To a person who consents no injustice is done.” – “Volenti non fit iniuria.” - Anonymous Latin Legal maxim. - RIGHTS, CONSENT, VOLUNTARISM, TOLERANCE, FREE EXPERIMENTATION, RIGHT TO MAKE MISTAKES, PANARCHISM

INJUSTICE: To accept one injustice leads to another. – (Ein Unrecht hinnehmen zieht ein anderes nach sich.) - German proverb. - SELF-HELP, SELF-DEFENCE, RESISTANCE, VICTIMIZATION, SUFFERING WRONGS, HUMILITY, SLAVE MENTALITY, STATISM, GUN CONTROL, RIGHT, VICTIM DISARMAMENT, JUSTICE

INJUSTICE: To do injustice is more disgraceful than to suffer it.” - Plato, Gorgias, sec. 489. – “It is better to suffer injustice then to do it.” - Emerson, Representative Men: Plato.

INJUSTICE: We must be greater than God, for we have to undo His injustice.” - Jules Renard. - GOD

INJUSTICE: Whoever does injustice does injustice to himself, for to that extent he makes himself bad.” - Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, IX, c. 170. – I would rather say that he has no good reason to complain. Panarchists might do that among themselves. Flagellants e.g. might often whip themselves in public. I would not mind if they whipped themselves to death. Good riddance! Territorial States all too often allow the unjust to profit at the expense of the just. – All government taxation and most government spending demonstrates that. - JZ, 10.7.86, 25.10.02, 14.1.08. - PANARCHISM

INJUSTICE: There is no crueler tyranny than that which is perpetuated under the shield of law and in the name of justice.” - Baron de Montesquieu. - TYRANNY BY LAW, LAWS

INNOVATION: The reward of a thing well done, is to have done it.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson. – SUCCESS, MORAL SENSE, ETHICS, JUSTICE, RIGHTS & LIBERTIES

INNOVATION: government bureaucracies will tolerate creativity or innovation only within bureaucratically established guidelines.” - Dr. Laurence J. Peter, The Peter Prescription, 18 - CREATIVITY, GOVERNMENTS & BUREAUCRACY

INNOVATION: If you always do what you always did, Then you'll always get what you always got.” - Richard Boddie, Libertarian candidate for US Senator, CA, 1992. - IDEAS, CHANGE, EXPERIMENTATION, TRY

INNOVATION: Incessant change, everlasting innovation, seem to be dictated by the true interests of mankind. But government is the perpetual enemy of change.” - William Godwin (1756-1836), An Inquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness (1793), Bk. III, ch.7 - Correct for territorial governments, incorrect for exterritorial ones. - JZ, 11.10.02. – The voluntary members of panarchies may change their societies as fast, as much or as little as they want to. – JZ, 14.1.09. – Territorial governments do also pass more and more wrongful laws. Did this not also happen already in Godwin’s time? – JZ, 17.9.13. - PANARCHISM, GOVERNMENT, CHANGE

INNOVATION: There is no limit to what can be accomplished if it doesn't matter who gets the credit.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson. – Under full freedom it would also matter who gets the credit for an innovation. – Then there would be no monopolistic decision-makers except among their voluntary victims, e.g. worshippers of one or the other personality cult or territorialist “ideal”. - JZ, 3.5.13, 17.9.13. - SUCCESS

INNOVATION: There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things.” - Niccolo Machiavelli (“The Prince”, 1513) – It would be easy only under full experimental freedom for volunteers, i.e. full freedom of contract, and association, individual and minority group secessionism, personal law or exterritorial autonomy for governance systems, societies and communities, i.e. under panarchism, polyarchism, competing governments and societies, none with a territorial monopoly.  – JZ, 3.5.13. - REFORM IDEAS, IDEAS ARCHIVE, PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM FOR VOLUNTEERS, SUCCESS

INNOVATION: We have it in our power to begin the world over again.” - Thomas Paine, "Common Sense," conclusion, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, ed. Philip S. Foner, vol. 1, p. 45 (1945). Originally published in 1776. - President Ronald Reagan quoted these words in a televised presidential campaign debate with Walter F. Mondale, October 7, 1984. - Yes, but not on the wrongful, rotten, collectivist, coercive, monopolistic, centralist and war promoting foundation of territorial States. - JZ, 27.11.02, 3.5.13. - REFORMS, REVOLUTION, A NEW BEGINNING

INNOVATION: Whoever could make two ears of corn … grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind … than the whole race of politicians put together.” - Jonathan Swift. - POLITICIANS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS, CREATIVITY

INNOVATIONS: Great innovations should not be forced (*) on slender majorities.” - Thomas Jefferson, Letter to General Kosciusko, 1808. - Even great innovations should not be forced upon anyone who is not a criminal or other aggressor, regardless of the percentage of the majority. - JZ, 7.10,85, 25.10.02, 114.1.09. – Instead, all innovators and dissenters, whether they constitute the majority or any of the minorities should get full experimental freedom or freedom of action, organized in exterritorially autonomous communities or other experimental and self-managing groups. Free enterprise or laissez faire also for such competing governments and free societies, all of them likewise limited by individual secessionism and respect for the individual rights and liberties which outsiders claim for their own voluntary relationships. - JZ, 10.7.86, 24.10.02, 14.1.09. – (*) based on?  - FORCE, COERCION, COMPULSION, INTOLERANCE VS. TOLERANT PANARCHISM, MAJORITARIANISM, TERRITORIALISM, COLLECTIVISM

INNOVATIONS: The next 20 years will see as much innovation as the last 500.” – View ascribed to Ian Pearson, Telecom Futurist, by Patrick Gray in THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 15.2.05, Next, p.4. – Will that also happen in the so-called “social sciences” without full experimental freedom being introduced in them, for communities of dissenting volunteers? – JZ, 5.1.09. - FUTURIST PREDICTION, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, PANARCHISM, PROGRESS

INNOVATIONS: Who would want to live in a world that does not generally encourage and welcome innovations but rather monopolizes opportunities for them? - JZ, 5.2.88. - That is the very essence of territorialism and of political "representation" and "guidance"  or “law and order”. - JZ, 26.10.02, 3.5.13. – IDEAS, TERRITORIALISM, REPRESENTATION, LAWS

INNOVATORS: All evolution theories concur that the least advanced form of life must exist in the greatest abundance - uncountable trillions, for Earth's bacteria - with higher forms of being scarcer and scarcer, until 'man' is reached, numbering only in the billions. Simple extension of the principle reveals that there must be a handful of humans who are as advanced beyond most of these billions as those billions are beyond, say, a typical rodent.” - Joe Fischetti, The I of the Beholder, ANALOG, 10/87, p.112. - GENIUS, TALENTS, EXCEPTIONAL PEOPLE, INEQUALITY, SUPERIORITY, INFERIORITY, EQUALITY, ELITE

INNOVATORS: All innovators need full autonomoy - at their own expense and risk. Today especially in all spheres still wrongfully monopolized by territorial States. Then all others would sooner or later, directly or indirectly benefit from this personal law or exterritorial autonomy or voluntarism as well. The innovators would be helpful to all others as well by demonstrating false and flawed systems as well as by successful ones. - JZ, 8.7.93, 22.10.02, 3.5.13, 17.9.13. - REFORMERS, PANARCHISM, AUTONOMY

INNOVATORS: Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds.” - Albert Einstein. - High time for them to organise themselves, establishing a proper market for ideas and talents and full freedom to experiment in all spheres, always at the own risk and expense. - JZ, 1.7.00, 3.5.13.

INNOVATORS: The man who never made an enemy never made anything.” – Paul Muni, 1895-1967, Lore and Maurice Cowan, compilers, The Wit of the Jews, Leslie Frewin, London, 1970, p.99. – I do hold that there are some productive or creative people, around, who are quite polite and non-aggressive and who have thus no real enemy in the usual sense, made by themselves, or tolerated by them, except their territorial government. – JZ, 5.1.09.

INNOVATORS: When a true Genius appears in the World, you may know him by this sign, that the Dunces are all in confederacy against him.” – Jonathan Swift, Thoughts on Various Subjects. - GENIUS, TALENTS, IDEAS, IDEAS ARCHIVE

INNOVATORS: Whoever tries for great objects must suffer something.” - Plutarch, Lives. – An Ideas Archive and Talent and Genius Centre might make this avoidable. – JZ, 14.1.09, 3.5.13. - IDEAS ARCHIVES, TALENTS

INQUISITION: Nobody knows how many thousands went to the stake in flames, but one Catholic historian notes that the toll of victims of the Inquisition “was immeasurably greater than the sum of all the Christian martyrs since Christ died.” – Francis Dillon, A Place for Habitation, The Pilgrim Fathers & Their Quest, Hutchinson of London, 1973, p. 47/48. - VS. CHRISTIAN MARTYRS, VICTIMIZATIONS, TORTURE & BURNING OF HERETICS, RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE

INSIDER TRADING: Insider trading and dishonest and irresponsible management and take-over "raids" are tied in with the inherent flaws in share companies. These can be overcome by various self-management, partnership and cooperative ownership, production and distribution schemes. - JZ, 19.12.93, 21.10.02, 3.5.13. – In a partnership or productive coop all the members are insiders. And as such they tend to deal justly and openly with their own shares in the common productive property. – JZ, 14.1.09.

INSIGHT: A moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience.” - Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Professor at the Breakfast Table, ch.10. - VS. EXPERIENCE, IDEAS, COMPREHENSION, UNDERSTANDING, SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, EXPERIENCE, FACTS, EXPERIMENTS, WISDOM, THOUGHT, INSPIRATION, UNDERSTANDING, THEORY & PRACTICE

INSIGHT: Nothing is more terrible than activity without insight.” - Thomas Carlyle. - Compare the similar remark by Goethe. – Central banks and territorial politics set good examples for that. – JZ, 14.1.09. - IGNORANCE, PREJUDICES, ERRORS, UNDERSTANDING, ACTION, MINDLESS VIOLENCE OR ACTIVITY

INSOLUBLE PROBLEMS: Some problems are crushingly large - but they are never solved by those who dismiss them as insoluble.” - Eric Vinicoff, The Politics of Plenty, p.88, in ANALOG, Feb. 2, 81.

INSPECTORS: Government inspected: At a terrific expense to consumers and taxpayers this item has been personally pawed over by an official U.S. bureaucrat. - Simon Jester Sticker. - BUREAUCRATS LICENSING, REGISTRATIONS, PERMITS

INSTINCT: Let him make use of instinct who cannot make use of reason.” - Latin Proverb. – As long as his use of his instincts does not induce them to threaten or suppress the genuine individual rights and liberties of others. Then he might rightly be treated like a wild and dangerous big animal. – JZ, 14.1.009. - REASON, MISTAKES, PANARCHISM, FREE EXPERIMENTATION & TOLERANCE

INSTITUTIONS: It is largely wrong ideas and institutions that make people think and act in numerous wrongful and irrational ways. – JZ, 20.9.05. – So far most people are insufficiently exposed to competition from rightful ideas and institutions. The latter are often even outlawed, even in democracies and in other States certain freedom and justice ideas cannot even be freely expressed. – How fast could all the rightful and necessary changes occur if quite rightful ideas and institutions became sufficiently known and appreciated? - JZ, 24.10.07. - IDEAS, WRONGFUL ONES, WARS, CIVIL WARS, VIOLENT REVOLUTIONS, MASS MURDERS, IDEAS ARCHIVE, PANARCHISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, PREJUDICES, POPULAR ERRORS

INSTITUTIONALIZATION: It is a governing principle of nature, that the agency, which can produce most good, when perverted from its proper aim, is most productive of evil. It behooves the well-intentioned, therefore, vigorously to watch the tendency of even their most highly prized institutions, since that which was established in the interests of the right, may so easily become the agent of the wrong.” - James Fenimore Cooper. - Compare: “No institutions can help being an institution.” – Territorialism cannot help being territorialism. It can provide no cure against itself. Neither does any other privileged or monopolized institutions. – JZ, 5.1.09, 17.9.13. – TERRITORIALISM, PANARCHISM OR EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, VOLUNTARISM VS. COMPULSION

INSTITUTIONS: no institution can be placed above the man or the woman, …” - A. J. Nock, letter, April 23, 1914. – Not rightfully, anyhow, but all territorial States are at present so placed, wrongfully! – From this arises the right of individuals to secede from every compulsory organization and to establish voluntary ones without a territorial monopoly. By their very nature these are then not placed above the man or the woman. - JZ, 14.1.09, 17.9.13. – PANARCHISM, SECESSIONISM, VOLUNTARISM, INDIVIDUALISM, INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY, SELF-OWNERSHIP, SELF-DETERMINATION, SELF-GOVERNANCE, SELF-RESPONSIBILITY, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INSTITUTIONS: large institutions, such as exist in both our countries, do not willingly acknowledge or correct mistakes.” - Alexis A. Gilliland, The Man Who Funded the Moon, ANALOG, 10/89, p.163. – Should we be surprised at that when even individuals do not always readily acknowledge and correct mistakes? – JZ, 14.1.09. - CORPORATIONS, SIZE

INSTITUTIONS: man is by nature good, and that only our institutions have made him bad.” - J. J. Rousseau, letter to Malesherbes, Jan. 12, 1762. - MAN, GOODNESS, AGGRESSIVENESS, INSTITUTIONALIZATION BY TERRITORIALISM, STATISM, MONOPOLISM, INTOLERANCE

INSTITUTIONS: Every institution has some tendency to deteriorate. But one can counter this by instituting also a tendency to renewal or replacement by fission, schism or competition. - JZ, 10/87. - PANARCHISM, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIALITY, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INSTITUTIONS: First we shape our institutions and then they shape us.” - Alexis A. Gilliland, The Man Who Funded the Moon, ANALOG, 10/89, p. 140. - Since territorialism has become predominant in practice and theory, we no longer, as individuals and outvoted minorities, have much chance to shape our institutions in accordance with our rights and preferences. - JZ, 27.10.02. – Instead, we have largely become institutionalized by territorialism and imagine ourselves to be as free as we could and should be under political institutions, even when we live in nothing better than majoritarian, supposedly representative or direct democracies. – JZ, 14.1.09. - INDIVIDUALS, PANARCHISM

INSTITUTIONS: He felt that institutions such as schools, churches, governments and political organizations of every sort all tended to direct thought for ends other than truth, for the perpetuation of their own functions, and for the control of individuals in the serve of these functions.” - Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and The Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, 1974, p.114. - Compare Butler Shaffer: Calculated Chaos, & "No institution can help being an institution." - Perhaps one should simply say that every organization or institution has its power addicts but that voluntaristic institutions, from which individuals can freely secede, and which, moreover, are only exterritorially autonomous, do not give as many opportunities to power addicts to do wrong and harm on a large scale. – JZ, n.d. - ORGANIZATIONS, ASSOCIATIONS, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIALISM, TERRITORIALISM, POWER URGE, LEADERSHIP, PERSONALITY CULT, HERO WORSHIP

INSTITUTIONS: If it were true that institutions did only reflect and promote all personal interests, there could be no real objection to our deciding upon alternatives to present institutional practices.”- Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.305. - Panarchies are such institutions. – JZ, 5.3.99. – However, B. D. S. was very skeptical towards all institutions, private as well as official ones, coercive as well as voluntary ones and does not distinguish between those with territorial or other monopoly powers and those which are only exterritorially autonomous and have only voluntary subjects or members, at least when he wrote and defended this book. Maybe he has somewhat changed his views since then. – Otherwise I do like what I have seen of his writings. – See the entry: INSTITUTIONS: Indeed, people do seem … JZ, 14.1.09. - PANARCHISM

INSTITUTIONS: In the most realistic sense of the word, institutions exist only in our heads.” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.88. – True, but it is what is in our heads that affects our behavior. – And some mental constructs are certainly worse than others and some, like genuine individual rights and liberties, by themselves, without misinterpretations of them, are almost perfect. – Panarchies are probably as close to perfection as institutions by and for imperfect human beings can become and are also adapted to an expressing the great varieties among human beings. - JZ, 14.1.09. – ORGANIZATIONS, PANARCHISM, TERRITORIALISM & STATISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, VOLUNTARISM

INSTITUTIONS: Indeed, people do seem to be experiencing a growing disenchantment with institutions. But if there is any "crisis" in this, it is only a threat to the propositions that institutions enjoyed over people. Rather than joining with the voices of social control to lament this disillusionment, however, we would be better advised to regard the situation as an opportunity for us to reassert personal control over our own lives ...” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.305. - PANARCHISM

INSTITUTIONS: Institutions rise when truth is lulled to sleep. However, truth blows over institutions and finally blasts them away.” - Thoreau. - Retranslated from the German version: “… so entsteht eine Institution, wenn sich die Wahrheit has einlullen lassen; doch die Wahrheit blaest ueber die Institutionen hinweg und blaest sie schliesslich fort.” - ESTABLISHMENTS, TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, TRUTHS

INSTITUTIONS: Man largely makes his institutions and is largely made by them. - JZ, 16.9.87. - There should be no interference with this process but, rather, free choice for individuals between institutions and free competition between them. No limit to freedom of association and disassociation. - JZ, 7.12.87. - PANARCHISM, MAN

INSTITUTIONS: Man we have to accept. His institutions we can change.” – (Den Menschen muessen wir hinnehmen; die Institutionen koennen wir gestalten.) - Erika Herbst: Alle suchen nach Loesungen - wir haben sie. p.115. – Compare: "… accept people as they are. You will not get any better ones." - Ascribed to Konrad Adenauer, as a remark to Staatssekretaer Globke. - Ibid. - MAN, PANARCHISM

INSTITUTIONS: Man's basic nature cannot be improved, not even by better institutions, but better institutions would tend to improve man's behaviour. Man can and should try to change and improve his institutions, not those of others. Apart from self-defence and enforced indemnifications, he should not try to coercively change other people or the institutions that they prefer for themselves. Moreover, he should give them every right and opportunity to set up their systems and institutions for themselves. - JZ, 25.10.02, trying to sum up some views by Ulrich von Beckerath, 1882-1969. – MAN, HUMAN NATURE, HUMAN BEHAVIOR

INSTITUTIONS: Show me one instance where popular institutions have violated the rights of property, and I will show you a hundred, nay a thousand instances, where the people have been pillaged by the greedy cupidity of a privileged class.” - George Bancroft, To the Workingmen of Northampton, BOSTON COURIER, October 22, 1834. - As if privileged classes or institutions or authorities etc., were not also public and all too popular institutions, for all too long. The best and the most competitive and free institutions were and are still largely unpopular. - JZ, 25.11.02. – Neither e.g. trade unionists nor professional associations and protectionist businessmen have shown enough knowledge of and respect for individual rights and liberties whenever their wrongful monopoly claims were threatened. – JZ, 3.5.13, 17.9.13. - POPULARITY, PROPERTY, PRIVILEGES, TAXATION, CORPORATIONS, CLASSES, PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIALLY AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES OF VOLUNTEERS

INSTITUTIONS: That institutions and conditions do not altogether "make" man's character can no longer be denied but that they do have a great influence upon our behaviour, for better or for worse, was clearly seen by Robert Owen and should also not be denied. Voluntary socialists as well as free marketeers can expect great results from forms of voluntary socialism and from a complete laissez faire or free market environment, to the extent that voluntary socialists are also propertarians and contractarians and free exchange practitioners, i.e., to the extent that they are also free marketeers and correspondingly self-responsible, businesslike, peaceful and tolerant. - JZ, 10.4.93, 22.10.02. - MAN, CHARACTER, INHERITANCE, ENVIRONMENT, COOPERATIVE SOCIALISM, VOLUNTARY SOCIALISM, SELF-MANAGEMENT, PURCHASE OF ENTERPRISES BY THEIR EMPLOYEES, FREE MARKETS, FREE CONTRACTS, PROPERTY

INSTITUTIONS: There is no human institution, any more than any human-made machine, which is not liable to become disarranged. The more delicate the machine, the more it needs care and attention. The more important the institution, the more is watchfulness needed for the maintenance of its healthy working.” - J. Toulmin Smith, Local Self-Government and Centralization, 2. - Watchfulness is not enough. Confinement to exterritorial autonomy and voluntary membership is required, enforced by individual secessionism. (He favoured autonomous local government and autonomous juries. I microfiched this very rare work and seek others by him.) - , 25.10.02. - PANARCHISM, CORRUPTION, POWER, ABUSES, AUTHORITY, GOVERNMENT, STATE

INSTITUTIONS: Unions and class warfare notions make people act violently and destructively. Cooperatives and other industrial experiments pacify and enlighten. Industrial warfare, too, not only international wars and civil wars, make more bad men than they kill. - JZ, 16.9.87, 26.10.02, 14.1.09.

INSULTS: such thrusts were for him a sure sign that his current opponents had run out of pertinent things to say.” - James Blish, Cities in Flight, p.373. – RED., SLANDER, OFFENSIVE & IRRELEVANT REMARKS, INSULTS, PERSONAL ATTACKS, NAME-CALLING

INSULTS: I never forget a face, but in your case I’ll make an exception.” – Groucho (Julius Henry) Marx, Lore and Maurice Cowan, compilers, The Wit of the Jews, Leslie Frewin, London, 1970, p.96. – JOKES, RED.

INSULTS: If you can't answer a man's argument, all is not lost; you can still call him vile names.” – Elbert Hubbard - OFFENSIVE REMARKS, RED., INSULTS

INSULTS: What Paul says about Peter tells us more about Paul than about Peter.” - Lore and Maurice Cowan, compilers, The Wit of the Jews, Leslie Frewin, London, 1970, p.70. – RED., INSULTS, GETTING PERSONAL IN ONE’S ATTACKS

INSURANCE Under governmental investment and interest rules, like e.g. the Trustee Acts, inflation, deflation, stagflation, coercive and exclusive paper currencies, coercive and exclusive value standards, compulsory licensing, foreign exchange controls, protectionism, central banking etc., there is no such thing as a completely private (or cooperative, fraternal or mutual) and competitive free enterprise insurance business. - JZ, 15.3.95. - PRIVATE, FREE ENTERPRISE?

INSURANCE: All insurance advertisements, leaflets and pamphlets and contracts are fraudulent to the extent that they ignore the inflation risk. - JZ, 23.4.89. - Only insurance on the levy principle avoids the inflation risk imposed by monetary despotism. - JZ, 26.10.02. – But it requires relatively high levies instead of low premiums made possible from them being productively and safely invested in the absence of inflation, regulation and taxation. – JZ, 14.1.09, 3.5.13. - INFLATION

INSURANCE: Compulsory insurance means compulsory losses, at least of the insurance premiums, in many cases and also due to inflation and taxation. - JZ, n.d., 26.10.02. - Turn States and public insurance companies into private insurance companies, subject only to their own rules, as determined by their members. - JZ, 26.10.02. – COMPULSORY INSURANCE

INSURANCE: Insurance is meant for extraordinary circumstances. You don't use car insurance to pay for oil changes or gasoline; you have it as protection in case you have a terrible accident or your car is stolen. You don't use homeowners' insurance to pay your electricity and water bills; you have it as protection in case a fire or other catastrophic event produces a large expense. Obviously, any insurance policy that promises to cover every small, ordinary expense is going to be much more expensive than one that covers only extraordinary expenses.” - Harry Browne, Libertarian Party. - Insurance on the levy principle, that covers the ORDINARY costs for all who get old enough, to reach old age retirement age, providing them with old age security, can also be very expensive. - While on the principle of investing old age contributions productively, at the highest interest obtainable, inflation and tax-proof, can make old age security very cheap to acquire and could provide genuine old age security even wealth. – If current levy rates were productively invested in real insurance policies, at the highest possible interest rates obtainable, then capital could accumulate so much that, after 40 years of contributions an old age pension, paid for 20 years, could, capitalized, amount to millions. With their systems governments prevent us from becoming such multi-millionaires in or old age. – Once the public becomes aware of that fact much of the present statism would collapse. - JZ, 26.3.04. - FOR EMERGENCIES OR PERSONAL CATASTROPHES ONLY, OLD AGE SECURITY WITHOUT STATE INTERVENTION

INSURANCE: Long-term insurance on the basis of a forced and exclusive currency is a sick joke. – JZ, 17.3.04. - STATE PAPER MONEY WITH LEGAL TENDER, FREE CHOICE OF VALUE STANDARDS!

INSURANCE: Only private insurance is ensuringly insuring - provided it is not under interest and investment regulations, tributes, deflation and inflation risks, all imposed by governments. - JZ, 27.1.94. - Alas, the present "private" insurance companies do not fight these impositions. - JZ, 22.10.02.

INSURANCE: The best that could be said about any government is that it is an insurance business. As such it should have only voluntary members and should possess no territorial monopoly but, instead, it should be exposed to free competition from other protective associations that are, likewise, only exterritorially autonomous. And, obviously, secession or withdrawal from it should be free. - JZ, 19.10.02. - GOVERNMENT, PANARCHISM

INTEGRATION: Private and voluntary vs. public and compulsory segregation or integration. To all who agree upon them - their own ideals, practised among them and at their own risk and expense. - JZ, 1990 & 24.10.02. – SEGREGATION & INTEGRATION, VOLUNTARY, NEVER COMPULSORY

INTEGRITY: Every person of any character, I think, wants above all to keep the integrity of his personality intact.” - Letters From Albert Jay Nock, 1924-45, to Mr. & Mrs. Edmund C. Evans & Ellen Windsor, Caxton, 1949, p.213. - CHARACTER, PERSONALITY, INDIVIDUALISM

INTEGRITY: Monetary despotism can claim integrity only when applied among volunteers only. - JZ, 11.5.97.

INTEGRITY: They teach you early how to wash your face and body, in school and home, but how to cleanse your mind of putrid ideas and prejudices, that is left unsaid and thus undone. I am afraid that even the occasional ablutions in the church are scarcely purifying, no more than face-saving. They walk about with shining faces and decaying souls.” - Dagobert D. Runes, A Book of Contemplation, p.71. - Also in his A Dictionary of Thought and his Treasury of Thought, p. 71. - PREJUDICES, ERRORS, MYTHS, EDUCATION VS. INDOCTRINATION, ENLIGHTENMENT, INTEGRITY, ETHICS, RELIGIONS, MORALITY, ETHICS, INTOLERANCE

INTELLECT: As men's prayers are a disease of the will, so are their creeds a disease of the intellect.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), Essays: First Series (1841). - RELIGION, FAITH, PRAYERS, WILL, CHURCHES, SECTS, BELIEFS, MENTAL DISEASE, PREJUDICES, MYTHS, THEOLOGY, CREEDS

INTELLECT: The hand that follows intellect can achieve.” - Michelangelo, The Artist. Translation by Longfellow. - ACHIEVEMENTS, THEORY & PRACTICE, SUCCESS, UNDER EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM IN EVERY SPHERE

INTELLECTS: the truth of things is the chief nutriment of superior intellects.” - Leonardo da Vinci. - TRUTH

INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY: Curiosity is one of the most permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous intellect.” - Samuel Johnson. - CURIOSITY

INTELLECTUAL HONESTY: Intellectual honesty requires an ability to admit one is wrong and a desire to see and express the truth apart from intellectual vested interests or preconceptions. - Diogenes of Panarchia, THE CONNECTION 135, p.23. - HONESTY, TRUTH, VESTED INTERESTS, PRECONCEPTIONS

INTELLECTUALS: intellectuals are chronically fascinated by violence as an instrumentality - drawn, repelled, drawn back, …” - Poul Anderson, The Avatar, p.221. - Think of how many intellectuals favored Stalin, Hitler, Mao, Castro - and for how long. The average man in the street was often more sensible in this respect and had less rationalizations for such a support. - JZ, 9.2.02. – VIOLENCE, MORALITY, ETHICS, KNOWLEDGE & APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES, TOTALITARIANISM, “THE TREASON OF THE INTELLECTUALS”

INTELLECTUALS: my favorite definition of an intellectual: “Someone who has been educated beyond his/her intelligence.” - Arthur C. Clarke, 3001. The Final Odyssey, HarperCollins Publishers, 1979, p.263, www.harpercollins.co.uk/voyager - INTELLIGENCE

INTELLECTUALS: the living of intellectuals on the free market (*) is generally not very secure. … The State is prepared to secure intellectuals a warm and safe place in its apparatus, with a fixed income and the arms for prestige.” - Murray N. Rothbard, For a New Liberty, 1978 edition, from the German version: - “… der Lebensunterhalt der Intellektuellen auf dem freien Markt (*) ist generell nicht allzu abgesichert … Der Staat … ist bereit, den Intellektuellen ein warmes, sicheres Plaetzchen in seinem Apparat mit einem festen Einkommen und dem Ruestzeug fuer Prestige zu sichern." quoted by Ulrike Heider, Die Narren der Freiheit, S.175. With a proper market for every genuine intellectual effort established, by an Ideas Archive and Talent Centre, intellectuals would perhaps be much less likely to become paid statists. - I represent many freedom ideas and offer them very cheaply, on microfiche. But so few are willing to purchase this bargain-priced literature, that not even my low costs of producing and expanding the PEACE PLANS series are covered thereby. Luckily, the production costs are so low that I can afford to go on expanding my series. The production costs for libertarian literature on floppy disks may be and and CD-ROMs certainly are still lower per book and, nevertheless, an avalanche of such libertarian literature offers has not yet been provided. - JZ, 23.10.02. – (*) as if it already existed – I have not expanded this series since 2002. Thus it ended with issue 1779. – JZ, 17.9.13. -IDEAS ARCHIVE, LIBERTARIAN MICROFICHE PUBLISHING, STATISM

INTELLECTUALS: Despite thousands of witnesses, the Western intellectual community did not accept the truth about Stalin's empire for decades, and was slower yet to acknowledge it about the Maoists.” - Poul Anderson, The Avatar, p.102. – Actually, no one can be an actual intellectual in all spheres. To be one in one or a few spheres is about our human limit. – JZ, 5.1.09. - INTELLECTUALS ARE OFTEN NOT VERY INTELLECTUAL

INTELLECTUALS: I disbelieve in bunk and despotism, even in dictatorship of the intelligentsia.” - Richard Aldington, introduction to Death of a Hero. - INTELLIGENTSIA, DICTATORSHIP, ELITISM

INTELLECTUALS: I'm anti-intellectual: I prefer people who think.” - Poul Anderson, in ANALOG 9/83, quoting one of his characters. - JOKES

INTELLECTUALS: Intellectuals are largely on the payroll of the State and thre and thus tend not to criticize it radically. - JZ, 9.6.89. - I would trust university lecturers more if they were paid for by the students or others who believed in them. Finance to poor students could be provided by credit unions that are established, funded and run or supervised by academics in the middle of their profitable careers, inside or outside of universities. - , 25.10.02. - THE STATE, UNIVERSITIES, STUDENTS, LECTURERS

INTELLECTUALS: Intellectuals are people who believe that ideas are of more importance than values. That is to say, their own ideas and other people's values.” - Gerald Brenan, Thoughts in a Dry Season, 1979. - IDEAS & VALUES, INTOLERANCE

INTELLECTUALS: Intellectuals have not yet succeeded to make their intellectual efforts pay them handsomely in the existing markets (and they failed to establish special, suitable and powerful markets for themselves) and thus they attached themselves to territorial powers and their tax revenues. In other words, they have not yet considered their basic problem intelligently enough - just like the other unemployed or under-employed. - At least they should have been intelligent enough to perceive the need for a special market for ideas and talents - and, in their own interest, should have established it. - JZ, 26.7.92, 26.10.02. - STATISM, POWER, IDEAS ARCHIVE, LMP, CD-ROM PROJECT, PUBLISHING

INTELLECTUALS: Power still comes first in Eurasia's nations, with scholarship a stumbling, rationalizing second. (*) After the ugly deed is done, theory is called to contrive justification.” – Dagobert D. Runes, A Dictionary of Thought. - Those in power can offer better jobs. - , n.d. - Intelligent people would so change conditions that the productive and creative intelligent people would reap the highest rewards because they would then be the most productive and appreciated people. – JZ, 26.10.02. - (*) Famous entertainer usually earn more! – JZ, 26.10.02. - POWER, IDEAS ARCHIVE & TALENT CENTRE

INTELLECTUALS: Socialism in general has a record of failure so blatant that only an intellectual could ignore or evade it.” - Thomas Sowell – SOCIALISM – Well only a few intellectuals know anything worth knowing about economics. – JZ, 14.1.09. – JUDGMENT, BIAS, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, FALSE & FLAWED DEFINITIONS

INTELLECTUALS: The decisive events of the world take place in the intellect.” - Henri Frederic Amiel. - INTELLIGENCE, MIND, IDEAS, SPIRIT

INTELLECTUALS: The intellectual enjoys biting the hand that feeds him, but he never bites it off.” – (“Der Intellektuelle geniesst es, die Hand zu beissen, die ihn ernaehrt, aber er beisst sie niemals ganz ab.”) - Griffith. - MARKET, LAISSEZ FAIR, FREE EXCHANGE, CAPITALISM, PROPERTY, ANTI-CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, STATISM, HANDOUTS, SUBSIDIES

INTELLECTUALS: The power and salvation of a people lie in its intelligentsia, in the intellectuals who think honestly, who feel, and can work.” - Anton Chekhov, N.Y. TIMES, December 30, 1956. - Somebody wrote a book: The Treason of the Intellectuals, pointing out how many of them, and for how long, fell for all the fallacies, lies and propaganda of State socialism. - Intellectuals are a threat to liberty, too, when they are permitted to decide policies for whole territories and their population. They, too, should be confined to voluntarism and exterritorial autonomy. Then all their flaws would be revealed much sooner and at less costs in lives and liberties. - JZ, 26.11.02. - PEOPLE, IDEOLOGIES, PANARCHISM VS. TERRITORIALISM, DECISION-MAKING MONOPOLIES, REPRESENTATION, LEADERSHIP, POLITICIANS

INTELLECTUALS: The question remains, how and why that group of people known as intellectuals has for the most of this century become alienated from our society and so often attracted to socialist societies that are objectively reprehensible, that deny individuals even the most basic civil liberties and fail to deliver material well-being.” - Edward Crane – ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - One can be an intellectual in one sphere and a total ignoramus or very prejudiced in many others. O. Y Gasset spoke of “the barbarism of the specialists” – outside of their sphere of competence. Just think how few people know e.g. genuine economics, even among those, who call themselves and are certified as economists. Many of them should rather be certified for nut houses. – JZ, 5.1.09. – If they write or speak to the mass market, then, in their financial interest, they tend to adapt their uttered views to popular errors and prejudices. – JZ, 3.5.13. - STATE SOCIALISM, QUESTIONS

INTELLECTUALS: There are three classes of intellects: one which comprehends by itself; another which appreciates what others comprehend; and a third which neither comprehends by itself nor by the showing of others; the first is the most excellent, the second is good, the third is useless.” - Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, ch. 22. ELITE, LEADERSHIP

INTELLECTUALS: To Eisenhower, an intellectual is "a man who takes more words than are necessary to tell more than he knows." - Eric Hoffer, Before the Sabbath, Harper, 1979, p.68. - JOKES

INTELLECTUALS: Who is an intellectual? I would say: A man who is capable of more than a single thought association. Whoever is capable only of the first, most direct and primitive association, is not an intellectual and an intellectual who only appeals to the first, most direct and immediate reaction of his fellow men is guilty of intellectual dishonesty.” – (Was ist ein Intellectueller? Ich wuerde antworten: Ein Mann, der mehr als einer einzigen Gedankenassoziation faehig ist. Wer nur der ersten, unmittelbarsten, primitivsten Assoziation faehig ist, ist kein Intellektueller; ein Intellektueller aber, der nur an die erste, unmittelbarste, primitiveste Reaktion seiner Mitmenschen appelliert, macht sich der geistigen Unredlichkeit schuldig.) - Hans Habe, Leben fuer den Journalismus, Bd.4, p.220. - Intellectuals, like chessplayers, come in different degrees of competence. Grand masters are rare. – JZ, n.d.

INTELLECTUALS: To Eisenhower, an intellectual is "a man who takes more words than are necessary to tell more than he knows." - Eric Hoffer, Before the Sabbath, Harper, 1979, p.68. - AGITATION, PROPAGANDA, PREJUDICES

INTELLIGENCE EXPANSION: The more intelligent you become, the more you see the advantages in becoming more intelligent.” - Timothy Leary, quoted by R. A. Wilson, in NEW LIBERTARIAN, 5/6, 1978/80, p.17. – Compare Leonard E. Read’s remark that the more we expand our circle of knowledge the more we are in touch with the still unknown. – JZ, 3.5.13.

INTELLIGENCE SERVICES: Only intelligent men can make use of intelligence. - JZ, 28.6.88. - Intelligence services, if run by intelligent people are thus wasted on most political and military leaders. - And to the extent that the secret services are government run, even these services are not conducted by very intelligent and eficient people. – E.g. they still suffer under most of the errors and prejudices of territorial statism, wrong definitions of enemies, collective responsibility notions, the errors and wrongs or nuclear strength and deterrence, offer no good liberation defence and revolution or military insurrection program against despotic regimes and do not see the need to establish governments and societies in exile against them, do not oppose indiscriminate treatment of conscripted victims of despotic regimes as enemies to be killed or treated as POW. - JZ, 26.10.02. - ESPIONAGE, AUTHORITIES, LEADERSHIP, POLITICIANS, STATES, WAR, SECRET SERVICES, ENEMIES, NWT, POWs, LIBERATION, REVOLUTION

INTELLIGENCE: the greater the intelligence, the higher the degree of complication which it detects.” - Robert Sheckley, Dimension of Miracles, p.16. - COMPLICATIONS, COMPLEXITY

INTELLIGENCE: All things are slaves to intelligence.” - Menander, Fragments, No. 769. – E.g. tools: Yes, they are merely, means, but are they slaves? – JZ, 14.1.09. – Subjects or tools instead of “slaves”? Riches, very often, are not, unless the intelligence was used to acquire them and to use them and there was enough freedom was available for this. – JZ, 3.5.13, 27.9.13.

INTELLIGENCE: Everything great and intelligent is in the minority.” - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. - GREATNESS, MINORITY, INDIVIDUALS

INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence is the ability to generalize knowledge from specific information input.” - John Charles Baker, ANALOG, Nov. 77, p.148. - KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION

INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence would not be intelligence if it wouldn't, finally, come out the winner. - JZ, 16.9.76. – I am still waiting either for its victory or for its appearance. – , 14.1.09.

INTELLIGENCE: Much learning does not teach a man to have intelligence.” - Heraclitus. - LEARNING, SCHOLARSHIP, JUDGMENT, WISDOM, INSIGHT

INTELLIGENCE: No great feat of intellect was required of them to understand that brute strength is addictive in character, whereas intelligence isn't.” - L. Neil Smith, Taflak Lysandra, p.141. - STRENGTH, UNITY

INTELLIGENCE: One defeats the fanatic precisely by not becoming a fanatic oneself, but on the contrary by using one's intelligence.” - George Orwell. – By how much would the number of fanatics, fundamentalists and terrorists become reduced once they are freed to practise their beliefs undisturbed – among themselves, at their own risk and expense only? Repression attempts might merely act as a recruitment campaign for them. – JZ, 4.1.08, 3.5.13. - FANATICISM, QUESTIONS

INTELLIGENCE: Realizing also that intelligence is non-collective, I put everything I had into the kind of work that didn't depend quite so much on cooperation from others.” - L. Neil Smith, FREEDOM NETWORK NEWS, No. 51. - Well, he did and does depend upon free and voluntary collaboration and cooperation with his publishers and his readers. A free market is also a collective, but not an authoritarian one and one that insists upon uniformity, apart from rational standardizations. - JZ, 20.10.02. - COLLECTIVISM

INTELLIGENCE: Remember the giant reptiles flourished for forty million years. Man will have to better that record before he can truly say that intellect is superior to massive bulk and a thick hide.” - Mark Clifton & Frank Riley, They'd Rather Be Right, p.127. - INTELLECT

INTELLIGENCE: So far as I can remember, there is not one word in the Gospels in praise of intelligence." - Bertrand Russell. - CHRISTIANITY, BIBLE

INTELLIGENCE: The best intelligence test is what we do with our leisure.” - quoted in email advertisement, 11.7.04 – LEISURE, IQ, ENTERTAINMENTS, AMUSEMENTS

INTELLIGENCE: The critical factor for a nation is not the number of people it contains, nor even its population density: the critical factor is the amount of intelligence the people bring to bear on their institutions, especially in the way they organize agriculture and industry.” - Edmund A. Opitz, THE FREEMAN, Oct. 77. - Even very intelligent people often lack enough judgment to appreciate new ideas sufficiently. The few who do, or who offer them, have not yet organized a special and world-wide market for themselves. See under Ideas Archive. - JZ, 26.10.02. – POPULATION, IDEAS, POPULAR ERRORS & PREJUDICES

INTELLIGENCE: The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.” - Bertrand Russell – Are the intelligent really intelligent, when they merely remain doubtful and thus inactive, instead of at least tolerantly experimenting with various views and trying to learn more? – JZ, 7.8.08. – STUPIDITY, WISDOM, DOUBT, UNCERTAINTY, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM

INTELLIGENCE: The value of intelligence … is that it can overrule instinct when instinct is wrong.” - Stanley Schmidt, Pinocchio, ANALOG, 9/77, p.96. - INSTINCT

INTELLIGENCE: The world holds two classes of men - intelligent men without religion, and religious men without intelligence.” - Abu'l-Ala-Al-Ma'arri. – I encountered some very intelligent men that I do respect, who are also religious but I do not respect them because of their religion and believe that their religion has held them back. – JZ, 14.1.09. - RELIGION & MAN

INTELLIGENCE: There is no underestimating the intelligence of the American public.” - H. L. Mencken. - PEOPLE, PUBLIC OPINION

INTELLIGENCE: Without emotion, you can’t employ full-body-intelligence, but you have to harness emotion, not be harnessed by it.” - L. E. Modesitt, Gravity Dreams, Orbit, London, 1999, p.280. - EMOTIONS, FEELINGS

INTELLIGENT LIFE ON EARTH: Is there intelligent life on Earth? - Yes, but I am only here on a visit.” – (Gibt es intelligentes Lebe auf der Erde? - Ja, aber ich bin nur zu Besuch hier.) – Graffiti, 22.11.02. & ALTRUISM, EGOISM, SELFISHNESS, JOKES

INTELLIGENT SELF-INTEREST: altruism and intelligent self-interest may be synonymous terms.” -  Robert R. Chase, Transit of Betelgeuse, ANALOG 5/90, 29. - Only to the extent that an altruist is also intelligent. No intelligent being would live "his" life only for others. – JZ, 17.9.13. – ALTRUISM, EGOISM, SELFISHNESS

INTENTIONS: A good intention takes account not only of your own intention but those of others as well. It respects the equal liberty of others and abides by Kan't Categorical Imperative or the Universalizing Law. - JZ, 14.1.97. - GOOD INTENTIONS, GOOD WILL

INTENTIONS: But it's results that count' - 'In other words, the ends justify the means?' - 'Non sequitur. Intentions are a third category, entirely separate from means or ends.' (*) 'And they usually don't have much at all to do with what eventually happens, anyway. Look at the market, for example, People seeking a profit help others because they inevitably must. Those with an altruistic bent invariably do enormous damage; their focus is on intentions, rather than results, a severe dissociation from reality whichother people usually have to pay the consequences for.'" - L. Neil Smith, Tom Paine Maru, p.192. - Good will or good intentions are not necessarily and causally connected with means or with rightful and rational ends, unless that "good will" is very much qualified, as was done e.g. by Kant. – (*) ? Ends, by definitions, are the intended results. - , 27.10.02. - GOOD WILL, ALTRUISM, SELFISHNESS, ENDS & MEANS

INTENTIONS: direct action seldom achieves its alleged objectives. Sometimes it achieves the exact opposite.” - Michael F. Flynn, A Rose by Other Name, ANALOG, 5/90, p.132. - LEGISLATION, LAWS, GOVERNMENT MEASURES, PROGRAMS, POLITICIANS, BUREAUCRACY, GOVERNMENTS, ACTION, DIRECT ACTION

INTENTIONS: Evaluate the action, not the actors. That is, the results, not the intentions.” - Michael F. Flynn, A Rose by Other Name, ANALOG, 5/90, p.132. – The ideas, principles and methods used should also be properly evaluated. – JZ, 3.5.13. - GOOD & GOOD WILL, FRUITS, RESULTS

INTENTIONS: Their hearts are in the right place, even if their brains aren't. It's brains that solve problems. Agreed, but it's the heart that tells you the problem must be solved.” - Michael F. Flynn, The Washer at the Ford, ANALOG, 6/89, 54. - So does reason. – JZ - GOOD WILL, EMOTIONS, BRAINS, REASON

INTERCONNECTEDNESS: You can't do just one thing.” - Don Werkheiser, Dec. 90. – All wrongful ideas, errors and prejudices do, in practice, support each other against the rightful ideas and actions. Alas, the rightful ideas, references and actions are not sufficiently known, collected, appreciated and realized. If they were, they would also support each other against the wrong ones.  – JZ, 3.5.13. - INTERRELATIONSHIPS

INTERDEPENDENCE: Thou canst not stir a flower / Without troubling of a star.” - Francis Thompson, The Mistress of Vision, 1897. - "All truths are inter-connected and so are all lies and errors." – “When a leaf moves a whole tree may tremble.” - Chinese proverb. – “The flutter of a butterfly's wings can affect the whole world.” - One of the assumptions of Chaos Theory. - Although the Sun is ca. 150 million kms away, we exist in its gravity field, electromagnetic field, the thin gas it hurls away and also in its various radiations. All matter and energy in the universes are somewhat interlinked. So are all life forms on this earth, certainly all humans, and perhaps even all life in the universe is, and be it only by the laws of biological development. - One reasonable and rightful action can start numerous others. One candle could directly and indirectly light a million others. (Russian proverb) Light may take lightyears to reach distant places - but finally it gets there. – JZ, 24.10.02. – However, are not some effects so small that they can be safely ignored? Do we refuse to swim in rivers, lakes or oceans because of the droppings of xyz animals, insects, birds and fish in them? – JZ, 14.1.09. – INTERRELATIONSHIPS, NATURE

INTEREST GROUPS: Politics: Strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles.” - Ambrose Bierce. - LOBBIES, PRESSURE GROUPS, POLITICS & PRINCIPLES

INTEREST RATE: Harvey Norman, in TV advertisement, offered bargains on interest-free terms for 2 years. - Interest-free terms for up to 6-12 months are quite common. - JZ, 30.9.97. - Alas, payments and repayments are still to be made in the money of monetary despotism, which is hard for the unemployed and for low-income earners. - JZ, 21.10.02. - ABOLITION OF INTEREST?

INTEREST IN THE FUTURE: The only part of time that's of interest to me is the future. That's where I'm going to spend the rest of my life.” - Charles F. Kettering. - FUTURISM, UTOPIAS, IDEALS, AIMS, PURPOSE

INTEREST RATE: There are still many people who have such an aversion against the payment of interest that it amounts with them almost to a religious dogma. The demand e.g. “interest-free loans”. – At whose expense? They remain silent on that. They also do not realize that an interest-rate under economic freedom is, after all, a price. A zero-price for capital, if it could or would be provided, would, inevitably, lead in many cases to a wasteful application of that capital, instead of a highly productive one, from which a high interest can be paid as a fair share to the investor of this form of “pre-done” labor, which has also the right not to be exploited. In insurance cases, especially old-age insurance, a high interest rate is not the enemy but the friend of all. It can either greatly reduce the costs of such an insurance or bring a highly increased old age pension. A high interest rate does not exploit anyone who does invest capital so productively that it constitutes only a fraction of the benefit the debtor gains through that investment. And he could not benefit greatly from it unless his well-financed enterprise would be so efficient that it served his customers so well that they would pay him very well, thus making possible his high interest rate on the capital that he had borrowed. Why should he not share those high returns with the lender? Moreover, if all investments brought zero interest, why should anyone make them at all and thereby risk the loss of his capital, for not all enterprises are without risk and many do suffer losses? Out of what means are those losses to be covered? It is indicative of the lack of quality in our public education that people grow up and old while remaining economically as illiterate. This topic should also, a.s.a.p. become fully explored in all its views, errors and prejudices and then confronted with all truths in that sphere. That could be done effectively e.g. in the form of electronic “argument mapping” as developed by Paul Monk et al and described online. Errors or dogmas like this one have held us back hundreds of years. – JZ, 28.9.08. - INTEREST RATES & CLEARING MONEY: See: APHORISMS ON THE MONEY PROBLEM.

INTEREST RATES: Are low interest rates a primary condition for an economic boom? The easy availability of credit and the ease in achieving sales of labour, other services and goods, are probably more important to achieve a boom condition and to maintain it than low interest rates are. Likewise, a stable enough currency or stable enough currencies are more important for prosperity than low interest rates. During inflations even a negative interest rate, with the nominal interest rate below the inflation rate, cannot boost an economy sufficiently. - JZ, 6.11.96.

INTEREST RATES: I wish for all the various interest rates that would occur in different spheres under full monetary and financial freedom – whether they are low or high. As proper market prices they would all be justified and rational. – JZ, 1.4.09.

INTEREST RATES: Interest rates are effects, just like inflation, unemployment, poverty, wars, revolutions, terrorism and dictatorships are – not primary causes. – JZ, 3.3.08. – But they are also prices and free prices only to the extent that the spheres in which they operate are governed by really free market relationships. – Under full freedom some of them might be much lower but some of them also much higher, because capital under full freedom can be much more productive and will not always be immediately or soon in much higher supply. As a fair share of pre-done labor in the additional productivity achieved by productively used capital, the interest rate can never be too high! - JZ, 18.9.08.

INTEREST RATES: The ca. 20 to up to 200 million unemployed in China, which have existed for some periods during the last few decades  (it seems impossible to get accurate figures for any time period there) that were or are unemployed and to that extent, as some would argue, obviously not “exploited” by employers or the State as employer, are suffering as unemployed not because of high interest rates but because of too low a monetary demand for their services. And monetary demand for labor, services and goods is there, too, monopolized by its central bank and it is, often, not even large enough while the currency is being further inflated and thus depreciated. (stagflation) These unemployed, too, are mainly the victims of the central bank’s money issue monopoly. No private money issuers are allowed to compete with it and reduce its notes to mere tax anticipation money (using a sound value standard and clearing government expenditures against tax revenue with the so-called tax foundation money of which already Adam Smith wrote, although only all too shortly and in a side remark, leaving it out of his main theses on money). Small monetary freedom experiments occurred in China already under the rule of the Mongols, ca. 800 years ago, but were always more or less suppressed ever since. If no longer suppressed they could soon develop into sound free banking and lead to full employment and sound currencies. Obviously, the millions of unemployed everywhere do have the right to take all the honest and self-responsible monetary, financial and organizational steps to produce their own requirements themselves and thus to provide themselves with productive work and also the right to exchange their products, services and labor for those of others. No third party has the right to step in and prevent them from producing and exchanging - with the help of their own exchange media, self-chosen value standards and clearing avenues. China’s development would advance even faster under full monetary and financial freedom. When sound currencies are free to drive out any unsound ones, then no “overheating” of the economy would occur. To reduce or even end pollution in China, much labor and capital will have to be suitably invested. There, too, exists no shortage of jobs but merely a shortage of sound exchange media, value standards and freedom for capital investment opportunities and other economic rights. Currently its government seems to hoard enormous amounts of US dollars, gained through its exports, for which it has not yet bought the equivalent values from the rest of the world, thus making all Chinese correspondingly worse off. – Do not forgive their misrulers, either, for they, too, don’t know or care what they are doing! – JZ, 24.8.98, 26.9.08, 3.5.13. - FREE BANKING, MONEY ISSUE MONOPOLY, UNEMPLOYMENT, CHINA

INTEREST RATES: It is wrong to impose centrally fixed interest rates for different businesses and under ever changing business conditions upon a whole territorial State. They should be adapted and haggled out between free debtors and free creditors in every case, in accordance with the business risks and expectations and only guided by average interest rates of the general free market but allowing every required deviation from them. It is wrong and misguided to impose interest rates as a means to counteract some of the results of monetary despotism, like inflation, deflation and stagflation. It is wrong to artificially raise or lower interest rates, e.g., through inflation or through deflation. Interest rates should be freely determined on a quite free market, not through the various despotic policies of monetary and financial despotism or their effects. Indeed, inflation can, nominally, raise interest rates and it can also, nominally, lower them. (At a 3% inflation rate an interest rate of 6% becomes effectively an interest rate of 3% only.) The same applies to deflation. Interest rates cannot freely and soundly develop under inflation, stagflation and deflation. A rational and just allocation of scarce resources and reward to those, who supply them and use them, becomes thus close to impossible because it is outlawed, directly or indidrectly, in all too many cases. It is even more wrong and absurd to impose fixed interest rates upon farmers and graziers than upon industrial debtors, since the agricultural returns, much more so than industrial returns from production, are variable with the weather. Instead, here and in most other cases, interest should become - a freely agreed upon - percentage share in the additional productivity achieved through an investment, with capital perhaps being considered as pre-done labour, that is also entitled to its just rewards for the values it added, once it is properly employed. Thus interest returns should be high when profits are high and low when profits are low and nil when there were zero profits. (To the extent that this can be practised without penalising efficient debtors, while letting off inefficient ones. - JZ, 8.9.02.) The best way to achieve this would be via shares, bonds or partnerships, with fluctuating dividends, dependent upon productivity - provided they are run really democratically, in the interests of the shareholders (not of the managing directors, whose authoritarian position now allows them all kinds of perks and the abuse of their positions, to reinvest too much of annual company earnings in their own kind of empire building, profitable mainly to themselves, rather than to their shareholders, who are now often almost as helpless as the individual political voter is towards his "representatives"). - JZ, 2.12.94, 25.4.97. - Thus not only wide-spread shareholding should be considered and extensive shareholding by employees in their own companies but all kinds of other self-management organisational forms, e.g. partnerships and cooperatives, as well as autonomous work groups. - JZ, 8.9.02. - FIXED INTEREST RATES, INTEREST RATE CONTROLS, CENTRAL BANKING, CORPORATIONS, EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP, MANAGEMENT

INTEREST RATES: interest is an eternal category of human action and not the wicked device of usurers.” - View ascribed to Mises, in the B. B. Greaves bibliography of Mises, p.118.

INTEREST: interest spread too wide lies thin on the ground.” - Rosalie Glynn Grylls, William Godwin and his World, p.137. – SELF-INTEREST, DIVIDED RESPONSIBILITY, COLLECTIVISM

INTEREST RATES: the (riskless) interest rate has declined over the centuries. …” - Julian L. Simon, The Great Breakthrough and Its Cause, The University of Michigan Press, 2000 – 2003, p.184. - RATES

INTEREST RATES: A cut in the interest rates signals the authorities are doing everything possible to stimulate the economy.” – Heard on radio, 10.9.98. – Officials try to use their monopolistic and coercive power over interest rates as if it were a magic wand or incantation. - Interest rates are prices. No authority should have any authority over any prices. They should neither have the power to stimulate nor to restrict the economy by any monopolistic and imposed currency and value standard, clearing or credit measures. The best they can possibly do is simply get out of its way, with all their interventionists laws, institutions, regulations, programs and measures. – On the other hand, if their systems were preserved at the expense and risk of their remaining volunteers, then they could go on serving as deterrent examples, just like the display of torture instruments in museums. – The rest need only freedom and sufficient knowledge of their individual rights and liberties to solve their own problems. Then the first small experimental communities experimenting with economic freedom options, including monetary and financial ones, will soon be so successful that their examples will be rapidly followed by more and more people – until only a few fanatic statists and fundamentalists remain – in their self-chosen messes. – At best the officials should apply what they could and should learn from the examples set under full monetary and financial freedom in their own sphere. E.g. they could issue sound tax foundation money, using a sound value standard for their taxes and for their tax foundation notes which effectively anticipate the tax revenue for the next few weeks. They could and should also learn from many historical examples of this kind, instead of trying to go on repeating merely the monetary and financial errors, wrongs and mistakes of the past. Naturally, together with compulsory taxes the tax foundation money will also disappear. But rightful alternatives to it will be practised in form of subscription- or contribution money issued by protective agencies and insurance companies or whole statist packaged deals subscribed to by volunteers. - JZ, 26.9.08. – Another inflation of legal tender money, with easy credits at low interest rates, is not a genuine solution to any problem. – JZ, 5.1.09, 3.5.13. - PANARCHISM, PRICE CONTROL, FREE MARKET, INTERVENTIONISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, ENDING MONETARY & FINANCIAL DESPOTISM, SECESSIONISM, VOLUNTARISM, DIS., RATE CUTS

INTEREST RATES: As long as interest comes, in sum, to merely a fraction of the total of the additional productivity achieved by an the debtor of an investment, it is not a burden to him, as a debtor, unless he has to pay it in an exchange medium that has been monopolized and made artificially scarce. - JZ, 1.7.94.

INTEREST RATES: Could, should or will the interest rate be increased, remain the same or will it be lowered? Such stupid, limited and silly questions occupy all too much of the attention of most of the supposed “experts” and journalists. As if interest rates were all that mattered and as if through their manipulation the whole economy could be properly managed or steered. Changes of the interest rate, even when they are only the naturally occurring ones, are certainly not the general cure for all economic problems, even when many supposed experts pretend that they are all that matter. Alan Greenspan, in his later years, when almost everybody listened to him, because of the powerful position he had then, spoke of almost nothing else. Thus I was under the impression that he was already somewhat brain-damaged. He did no longer attack the FED, its issue monopoly and legal tender power and the “cover” of its notes by government debt certificates, and its paper value standard. Whatever he had in mind of such criticism was expressed only before he became its head. One is almost tempted to ask: Was he appointed to lead the Federal Reserve System in order to shut him up? – Why is almost everybody else largely talking only about interest-rate “policies”? – Is the same kind of attention-distraction involved that occurs during election campaigns, when the discussion and most public reports concentrate on opinion polls and the number of votes for certain politicians and the personal qualities of candidates or their lack of them, and on parties - with their mostly all too general and misleading platforms - rather than upon the existing major problems and their genuine solutions? - JZ, 9.9.98, 27.9.08. - RATE MANIPULATIONS, OFFICIAL ONES, PRICE CONTROLS, TERRITORIALSM, STATISM, DEMOCRACY, MAJORITY DESPOTISM, DECISION-MAKING MONOPOLIES

INTEREST RATES: Enemies of charging interest should secede- and do their own things among themselves and to themselves - like any other sectarians and true believers. - JZ, n.d. & 29.4.97.

INTEREST RATES: Even under degrees of monopolism and regulations for productive capital and their capital issues, interest arrangements for them do rather help than hinder making more capital available for production. Not only the capitalists profit but all their employees and all consumers. But the system would work with much less friction and often much cheaper without any legal monopolies and regulatory interventions and "safeguards", "guaranties", subsidies, prohibitions, compulsory licensing, officially imposed controls and supervisions, and interest-rate regulations, at its optimal capacity when fully free pricing and free contracts are introduced in this sphere as well. That would also require the abolition of all compulsory taxes, which simply confiscate capital or earnings from their victims. Moreover, capital securities or, rather, seeing the inflation risk, capital insecurities of governments should also be done away with, because they are part of the compulsory tribute system and amount merely to investments in tax slaves. - JZ, 1.2.90, 29.4.97, 9.9.02. – CAPITAL-MARKET, SECURITIES MARKET, FINANCIAL FREEDOM, ISSUE OF SECURITIES, OWNERSHIP OF CAPITAL SECURITIES, TRANSFERABILITY, RIGHT TO ISSUE SECURITIES, TAXATION, VOLUNTARY TAXATION & CONTRIBUTION SCHEMES

INTEREST RATES: Even with regard to interest rates "the trees can't grow far into the sky". - JZ, 24.9.89. - Enemies of interest have often calculated how much a cent, invested for 2,000 years, would have grown as money capital through an interest of, e.g. 5%. But does it correspond to human experience that heirs will forever leave their heritage untouched or that governments and private criminals will? Almost all investments have time limits and investors sooner or later want to enjoy somewhat the benefits from their investments, even if only by establishing a new benevolent foundation. - JZ, 26.4.97.

INTEREST RATES: I do not see my task in attempting to blame or abolish or defend and maintain interest but to see to it that it is only voluntarily offered and taken and this under mutually agreeable conditions, i.e., never should anybody be forced to pay it or forced to accept it - unless he has freely contracted to do so. That requires the abolition of monetary and financial despotism, which impair freedom of contract and free decision-making. Once competition in this sphere is quite free, then interest rates will rise as high or fall as low as is determined by market conditions in their particular segments of the economy. E.g., venture capital interest will always tend to be higher than that for for safe bet investment in blue chip companies. Should, one day, not only turn-over credits (notes and clearing certificates or accounts) but also long term and medium term capital offers become quite abundant, then this capital would tend to be offered at very low interest rates as well, for all secure capital investments. But as long as capital remains somewhat scarce and investments of capital in production can bring high returns to the borrowers, these creditors, providing pre-done labour in form of their savings etc., are also entitled to their fair share in the additional values thus achieved. - JZ, 11.9.87, 26.10.02.

INTEREST RATES: Free market rating of notes against their own standards will regulate issues and acceptances, i.e. circulation, much more regularly, rapidly and reliably than interest rate fluctuations or manipulations among note-issuing banks would. - JZ, 3.7.91 & 12.4.97. – For turnover-credit money its rapid reflux is much more important than the interest rate charged for it. Shop association banks, with their goods- and service warrants, as their money tokens, could even grant interest free credits with them, to promote their turnover and absorb even printing and risk costs in their prices. They could not over-issue their money and would not under-issue it either. The general interest rate in other spheres would be rather irrelevant to them. Naturally, they could not or should not grant themselves medium or long-term credits with their notes. They depend on the rapid reflux of their notes to them. Also on their acceptance in wage- and salary payments etc. at par with their nominal value. But they might encourage their savers to use shop currency amounts they had saved for their medium and long-term investments. Then these savers would bear the capital investment risk and the shop currency notes would still, but indirectly, stream back, fast, to their issuers, e.g. through the wage and salary amounts involved of these new investments, spent in the shops. – JZ, 14.1.09, 3.5.13. - DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT POLICY, INTEREST, THE INTEREST RATE RETURNS OF BANKS AS REGULATORS FOR CURRENCY ISSUES?

INTEREST RATES: I wish that all the people who, rather thoughtlessly, talk about “interest-free” money, would offer me their money interest-free, on long terms. If it is sound or sound enough money, I feel sure that I could lend it out at high interest payable to me. I would not bother then to share such revenues with them. I have no prejudice against interest. If they have it, then they should be prepared to suffer the consequences. Money that is essentially based upon a sound clearing transaction is already largely interest free, apart form the printing, administrative and risk costs involved. Capital, being essentially “pre-done” labor, has also the right not to be exploited and to earn a fair and market-rated share in the additional productivity that it can provide to a debtor who uses is productively. Why should he be able to make 10 to 50 % on it p.a., while the capital supplier gets nothing from the productivity of his pre-done labor but, at best his whole investment back, after a while, and, in many cases, gets back nothing or only a fraction (for almost every investment is somewhat risky!)? Man will always have a justified “interest” in sound rather than depreciated or depreciating money. Sound money should be competitively supplied. That would reduce the interest rates for it - if it is merely turnover-credit money, which is used, by its savers, for capital investments on mediate- or long-terms. (These can also be repaid with competitively issued shop currencies, once their repayment or the repayment installments are due.) Naturally, nobody should be prohibited from offering his own free market money, savings or part of his earnings in any form of money or account credits, interest free to family members or friends or like-minded people, just like nobody should be prohibited from making presents to others. However, like for all other goods, services and relationships, there are costs to be covered. Someone has to cover them. Someone has to bear the risk. Someone has to bear the temporary or permanent loss of his money to his debtor and the costs of the opportunities thus lost for him. The most natural thing is that the one who gets all the advantages of a loan bears the cost of the loans. Naturally, no one should have a monopoly to supply loans. Competitively supplied turn-over credit money or clearing money will tend to be supplied at as low interests rates as are possible for such credit-notes or clearing certificates, while competitively supplied capital money will earn interest, low or high, according to supply and demand and the productivity that it leads to. Medium- or long-term “investments” in “tax slaves” – i.e. the purchase of public securities for medium or long terms should not be made at all. But as long as huge amounts of taxes are regularly extorted from the economy, for the mostly wrongful or wasteful purposes of the territorial States, the victims of these imposed tributes should be supplied, quite sufficiently, with sound tax foundation money to make these payments as easy as possible for them. They should also be free to pay their taxes, with their own monies or clearing certificates, at their market rate. The interest rate for very profitable but also very risky investments should be high to provide sufficient incentives for them. And if they are not risky but, nevertheless, very profitable, then why should only the debtor profit highly from such investments but not the investor? Economic and religious prejudices, errors and false assumptions and conclusions should be kept out of this sphere or practised only among volunteers, in their own private payment communities. – JZ, 29.8.06, 16.9.08, 3.5.13. - INTEREST-FREE MONEY? TAX-FOUNDATION MONEY ISSUES

INTEREST RATES: If debts and interest would worsen one's conditions, in the average, why would anyone in his right mind be willing to take up a debt and to pay interest for it? - JZ, 10.8.87. - What makes debts and interest often hard to bear are the condition prevailing under monetary despotism, combined with fixed interest rates. Under monetary freedom a debtor could come to pay with clearing certificates redeemable in his own goods and services and the interest rates could be contracted as floating ones, that amount only to fair shares in the additional earnings he manages to achieve through a credit. - JZ, 26.10.02. - FREE BANKING, DEBTS, INDEBTEDNESS, MONETARY FREEDOM

INTEREST: If most people took the same interest that they take in music or sports or tourism - in social, economic and political problems, then the latter would have been solved long ago. Think merely of the time they spend on listening to the radio, records or tapes or CDs or watching shows or sports events and the money they are prepared to spend for such entertainments and distractions - while major problems go on and on, largely ignored but, anyhow, unsolved. - JZ, 13.5.93, 23.10.02. - INTEREST IN THE OWN AFFAIRS GOING BEYOND THE MINOR & PRIVATE ONES OF DAILY LIVING, APATHY, DISINTEREST, INDIFFERENCE, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SPORTS, TOURISM, ENTERTAINMENTS, AMUSEMENTS

INTEREST RATES: If the enemies of interest paying and taking took themselves serious, instead of merely thinking like authoritarians, then they would establish an interest-free savings and loan association for themselves, at their own expense and risk. Alas, just like communists, they want to share the property and earnings of others - without paying for them. Most of the opponents of "usury" and interest have also not made any distinction of the interest rates for turnover credits and that for capital investments. The former can be reduced to the administrative costs and the small risk cover costs involved. The latter have to cover the time differential and to reward investors for their pre-done labors, embodied in the capital they lent out. Pre-done labor is also entitled to just rewards. Fixed interest rates do not sufficiently adjust to the additional productivity of pre-done labor nor do they account for the possibility of losses. Via free contracts and partnership arrangements the fixed rates could and should be replaced by fluctuating rates, corresponding to the returns, unless the borrowers act dishonestly, stupidly or negligently. Then the losses should all go at their expense. - JZ, 13.4.93. – USURY? VOLUNTARISM, PRIVATE PAYMENT COMMUNITIES UNDER OPTIONAL RULES, CREDIT UNIONS, SAVINGS & LOAN ASSOCIATIONS

INTEREST RATES: Interest rate manipulation? Could any other policy be more absurd in situations wherever and when the government's note printing presses continue to churn out more and more legal tender paper money of forced and exclusive currencies? An artificially increased interest rate would then merely mean that all economic activities not favored and subsidized by a government are restrained through lack of affordable credit, while the bureaucratically mismanaged public sector, e.g. the public works, national defence and welfare sectors continue to be expanded via the note printing presses. I remember periods, as a public servant, when I was still paid in cash and the notes I received were fresh from the printing presses and still in consecutive numbers. Attempts to restrain any inflation through irrelevant "measures" or to "balance" coercive over-supplies in one sphere through coercive under-supplies in other spheres, remind me of the hypothetical case of a Mafia gang pretending to fight crime. It certainly fights its competitors. And it does seem to fight crime when it, unofficially, favors even more severe "wars against drugs", which may harm the small producers and distributors but boost the profits of the large drug entrepreneurs. The government "measures" against inflation leave its own criminal but legalized wrongful monopoly and coercion powers (the issue monopoly and legal tender power – compulsory acceptance and a forced value - for its inflationary over-issues, its wrongful taxation and redistribution policies untouched, but do intervene with free production and free exchanges, instead, via credit, price- and wage controls etc. - Inflation presumes an exclusive and forced value standard, one that is elastic and can be manipulated like a rubber band. It is one that is not even properly defined but is just given an abstract name. Only when this "standard" is imposed upon a whole country can the exchange medium using it, the government's monopolistic paper money and currency, be imposed upon all transactions, i.e., can it inflate or deflate all transactions with its exclusive and forced exchange medium. Giving these paper notes a monopoly status means that they cannot be refused by anyone depending upon monetary exchanges. Giving them legal tender status means that their compulsory acceptance at a compulsory value, at par with their paper standard, even though this paper “value-standard” is continuously manipulated and, usually inflated. (Imagine that being done to standards of weight, length and volume!) Such a forced currency can be forced into the market beyond the requirements of a free market. It can force up all prices, wages and fees etc., which have to be marked-out in it. This is the only legal self-defence option left to those so paid immediately or very soon. Those under medium- and long-term contracts, when they were not foresighted enough or allowed to include value-preserving clauses, have no such escape option. They can be "paid off", ultimately, in scrap paper. Even share prices and their dividend and interest rates are not upwardly mobile enough to make up for all the degrees of inflation that can occur during a rapid inflation, as was experienced e.g. in the last stages of the Great Inflation in Germany, which ended in 1923. - Without legal tender and the issue monopoly, enough sound and competing exchange media, clearing certificates or clearing account credits, in short, free market monies, would be issued, in accordance with the requirements of the market. These, without a monopoly and legal tender power, could not be over-issued and drive up all prices expressed in sound and competing and freely chosen value standards. Thus not too many exchange media or other means of payment could come to chase too few goods and services. On the other hand, any under-supply of exchange media could then be rapidly countered by new and sound issues, fully covered by the goods, services, debts and labor with which their issuers would cover and redeem them upon demand, by selling them for their notes or credits. (E.g. shop currencies, petrol-, gas-, electricity-, railway-money etc.) Only such optional, i.e. refusable and market rated (or discountable in general circulation) “ticket-monies” or token paper monies, with self-chosen and thus rather sound value standards, can remain stable enough to promote free exchanges under permanent boom conditions. Without them the law of supply and demand is not completely realized but monetarily distorted. Sound alternative exchange media and value standards are not impossible but simply outlawed. We have so far put up with this, mostly even without protesting. (I have never seen or read about e.g. a demonstration against legal tender and the issue monopoly. Against their consequences, unrealised as such by public opinion and even by most supposed to be experts, there were and are demonstrations aplenty. - JZ, 19.12.89, 29.4.97, 18.9.13, 18.9.13. - INTEREST RATE POLICY AGAINST INFLATION? MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE BANKING, SHOP CURRENCIES, FREE MARKET-MONIES, FREE CHOICE AMONG VALUE STANDARDS. Q.

INTEREST RATES: Interest rates are just prices, indicating, like all other prices, supply and demand conditions. They are today, i.e. under legalized monetary despotism, determined - even for short-term turn-over credits - by note issue monopoly of the central bank and the degrees of its abuses (out of ignorance, self-interest or prejudices) of its monetary powers and also for medium and long term credits for conditions on the capital market, which has today to operate under xyz forms of legalized financial despotism. No major economic transactions remain quite free. All are, quite wrongly and more or less influenced by taxation, regulations, protectionism etc. and also by monetary conditions like deflation, inflation and stagflation, i.e., symptoms resulting from monetary despotism, which greatly influence the availability of capital and the ability of debtors to repay, as well as the interest rates. Monetary despotism, legislative interventions, protectionism, taxation, regulations, prohibitions and their degrees and risks influence profit and interest rates and the readiness to accumulate and make available or to seek and accept capital investments. No capital investments can be regularly profitable if the sale of the services, goods or information that they produce is not assured because of the monetary despotism, its monopoly and coercion, i.e. the absence of monetary and financial freedom. The degrees of the arbitrary and legalized interventions, i.e., the extent of non-market and anti-market interventionism cannot always be sufficiently calculated or estimated and anticipated and thus do certainly increase the risk factor part of all interest rates. An unqualified opposition to all interest rates or their regulation just indicate economic blindness, ignorance, errors, false assumptions and conclusions as well as popular prejudices, and is wrongful, harmful and absurd as are the other price controls, including e.g. wage- and rent-controls. Once markets and contracts are all set free, then we would only get competitive free market rates (prices) in all spheres and these, by their nature, will be optimal for all traders and exchangers, as are free prices in all other spheres. For competitive note issues or turn-over credits granted via clearing or non-cash payments, the interest rates could come close to the administrative costs only, like with the issuance of tickets for the attendance to various performances. (That has been widely demonstrated e.g. for consumer credits, under present conditions often granted interest-free for a few months and even up to a few years. – Admittedly, these interest-free credits are granted under the sales difficulties often created by monetary despotism, during its deflationary or “stagflationary” periods. –At least these difficulties would disappear under full monetary freedom, sensibly utilized. - JZ, 3.5.13.) In spheres with high returns for capital investments (especially when no longer subjected to regulations, prohibitions and tributes) they might rise as justified shares in the additional productivity and profits achieved through an investment. Those, who want to assure the supply of exchange media by the artificial acceleration of the circulation of the existing monopoly exchange media (e.g. the followers of the seachings of Silvio Gesell), do only think in terms of monetary despotism, with its limited, exclusive and forced exchange media and value standard, i.e. of monopoly money, which is, usually, centrally mismanaged by the central bank, according to its dogmas and wrong assumptions, while it remains blind to or prejudiced against the free note issue options and possibilities, blind to sound alternative value standards, blind to free market rating and voluntary acceptance for both, blind to the sound tax foundation options for "fiat" money and to the right of free choice of value standards and the right of banking, including the issue of banknotes and clearing house certificates. The wrong definitions and notions about "capitalism", "profit" and "interest" go on and on. All economic systems are essentially “capitalistic”, from the stone hammer or stone axe to automatic factories. All of them do require “capital”, at least that of living and all-purpose as well as conscious and self-determining robots, humans, existing in self-ownership and constituting, in somewhat developed countries, over a normal working-life, a large productive capital and that of their tools and stocks of resources. They are all the less capitalistic the more they are monopolized, regulated and legislated about, away from free contracts, free exchanges, property rights and free market and free trade conditions. The only rightful actions for dissenters are tolerant and free experiments by and among them, freely practising their beliefs among themselves, at their own expense and risk. Even when such experiments are successful, they should not be adopted and imposed by any territorial State against those who still disagree with them. - JZ, 21.8.02, 3.5.13, 18.9.13. - INTEREST RATES ARE PRICES - INTEREST-FREE CLEARING: See: APHORISMS ON THE MONEY PROBLEM, CAPITALISM, PROFIT, EXPLOITATION, SCHWUNDGELD, SILVIO GESELL, STAMP SCRIP, PROFIT, CAPITALISM, ANTI-CAPITALIST MENTALITY, FREE MARKET, COMPETITION, FREE EXCHANGE, FIAT MONEY, MONETARY DESPOTISM, MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE BANKING, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT FOR VOLUNTEERS IN ALL SPHERES.

INTEREST RATES: Interest rates should be raised to fight inflation.” - Popular opinion. - They would have to be somehow increased, anyhow, just to somewhat make up for the degree of depreciation of the capital and interest paid, due to inflation. Alas, one cannot increase interest as easily and to the same extent that one can multiply a forced and monopoly currency through the printing presses. When the value of a currency is e.g. halved from day to day, then even 500% p.a. interest cannot make up for it. In Germany, towards the end of the Great German Inflation of 1913-1923, even a 500% interest rate was rightly considered as very moderate by borrowers. But they were very lucky to get any credit at all under such conditions. Moreover and rather obviously, no rate of interest increase does automatically stop the government's note printing presses and legal tender powers and the effects of its note issue monopoly for all depending upon monetary exchanges. The government’s note printing machines, towards the end, could not keep up with the demand for additional notes, because the prices and wages, in expectation of further inflation, raced ahead of the capacity to print them. That was demonstrated by long lines of cashiers, lining up for hours before the central bank offices, to get their quantity of notes for daily wage and salary payments. Then and thus inflation and deflation phenomena are often combined in stagflations, with all forms producing high rates of unemployment. - Moreover, it is wrong to arbitrarily increase or decrease the interest rate for all transactions. They should be variable prices for different services. - JZ, 2.4.97, 3.5.13. - "Increasing interest rates or tightening money supply can actually do more harm than good if all it achieves (as was the case with last year's measures) is a period of stagnation in some areas, followed by even greater inflation. Last year is was the home buyers who were hurt by the drying-up of funds." (*)"... In any case, it can be very harmful to increase all interest rates, or staunch the flow of money in essential projects. While it might be highly desirable to curtail high-rise office developments in Sydney and Melbourne, it is most undesirable to restrain the flow of capital to mining operations and developments or to the establishment of industry in country areas. A squeeze here would really handicap growth..." - Colin Chapman, THE BULLETIN, 13.2.71. - While high interest rates reduce the incentive to borrow, this does not matter much when much more inflation is expected. - A government might even be inclined to lend more of its forced and exclusive currency, straight from the printing press and earn more interest thereby - if and to the extent that it can find more borrowers. And the borrowers may be ready to pay the high interest because they expect to be able to repay the capital and the interest with depreciated money from much higher earnings in depreciated money. - Moreover, a higher interest rate might induce more potential savers to save, thus increasing e.g. bank term deposits and the sale of securities, and the higher savings will lend to higher lending by the banks so that at least the capital market will not be squeezed but rather expanded. - All interference with the market or any of its prices, including the interest rates, has undesirable effects and usually effects contrary to associated hopes and expectations. I do not know of any government policy that is 100% effective and non-destructive or preventative for many productive or creative actions. – (*) Credits for daily turnovers of goods and services for consumers should never be artificially restricted, just because excessive credits were granted before - for speculations or take-over bids, that led to cash shortages or illiquidity - unless one wants to create mass unemployment in one's cover-up attempt for a careless lending policy. Sound loans should not be restricted to make up for unsound loans. - JZ, n.d. & 2.4.97. - INTEREST RATES, DISCOUNT RATES & INFLATION, CREDIT RESTRICTIONS

INTEREST RATES: Interest under the money monopoly should be distinguished from interest under full monetary and financial freedom. Only once money supply monopolists can no longer extort monopoly interest rates for their exclusive and forced currencies – or drive up nominal interest rates through their inflationary issue policies, can real market interest rates freely develop and fulfill their pricing functions, just like any other freely haggled-out prices. - JZ, 30.3.95, 3.5.13.

INTEREST RATES: Monetary Freedom would abolish interest at most in all turnover credits - apart from a small service and insurance charge. Even this might be absorbed by the issuers, if they are e.g. a cooperative shop association that is more interested in assuring and increasing its sales than in recovering all the costs of its note or shop currency issue department. Thus it might include these small costs in its prices as it does its advertising costs. - JZ, 20.3.97, 18.9.13. - MONETARY FREEDOM

INTEREST RATES: Money that is not used for credit but for clearing purposes only, i.e., to facilitate the exchange of goods and services now, need not bear a time-element interest charge, plus a scarcity factor, plus a fair return for the provision of capital, considered to be pre-done labour, nor a high risk charge, but mainly only a small administrative charge. That could amount to a very low charge. To that might be added an incentive charge to speed up the repayment of the short term loans involved. - JZ, 8.9.87, 26.10.02. - FREE BANKING

INTEREST IN MONETARY FREEDOM & FREE BANKING: My small monetary freedom newsletter plus microfiche, did not even reach a dozen subscribers for its total of 4 issues over several years. So far probably not even one person in a million is seriously interested in monetary freedom options - and how can one reach these? And these few have also many other involvements that prevent them from advancing the cause of monetary freedom as much as they could or should. For most of the few their interest is not even deep enough to let them overcome the small barrier posed by most such writings presently being only available on microfiche through my LMP - PEACE PLANS series. - I believe Siegfried Schwenke had also only a few dozen subscribers to his printed or photocopied Monetary Freedom Network Newsletter. Various projects for quarterlies came to nothing and the DURRELL JOURNAL rapidly deviated from its initial monetary freedom path, especially after a change in management. - Financially, a newsletter on free banking etc., produced only on microfiche, floppy disk, on a website or distributed by e-mail, would be no problem at all. But who is interested? – Even the still cheaper and more economical digital publishing and reading options are not yet fully realized by now for all monetary freedom writings. - JZ, 9.4.97, 3.5.13. – By now such information could be very cheaply offered on discs, online or as email-attachments. But is there as yet a sufficiently large group of interested and active subscribers, i.e. for ideas, thoughts and writings on FULL monetary freedom, one which would record and spread knowledge of all aspects of it? – JZ, 18.9.13. - PUBLIC OR MINORITY GROUP INTEREST IN MONETARY FREEDOM OPTIONS IS STILL ONLY MINIMAL. MONETARY FREEDOM NEWSLETTERS

INTEREST RATES: No interest – no credit. Unless, of course, you or others are able and willing to grant credits interest-free. Sometimes this is formally done but then, usually, the interest is already embodied in the sales price, to be paid on terms or at the end of the credit period. – JZ, 24.10.07, 3.5.13. - RATES, NO INTEREST? IS INTEREST WRONG?

INTEREST RATES: Sharing profits and risks: A more direct relationship between investments and rates of return would be accomplished if, in effect, depositors bought shares in specific enterprises, or in a portfolio of enterprises, and if the implicit agreement was that depositors would be paid a proportion of the increase in real value of the enterprises, rather than some prescribed rate of return. Thus a savings institution would function more like an investment fund. …” - Geoff Davies, Economia. New economic systems to empower people and support the living world, ABC Books, Sydney, 2004, p 278. - To some extent this is already achieved through the practice of fixed deposits for predetermined periods, determined by supply and demand for capital. – JZ, 13.9.08. - RATES, FLEXIBLE VS. FIXED

INTEREST RATES: Interest charges help to assure the rapid or timely repayment or clearing of the short term securities upon which sound banknotes or shop currency etc. have been issued. Interest need not be high for this purpose. If a coop issued the notes and its take from such interest would exceed the costs involved in maintaining a sufficient circulation, i.e. the issue and reflux or its notes, including ever new replacement printing costs, then the interest charges for those repaying their debts punctually or early could be dropped. - The rapid repayment or clearing of such debts is needed to preserve the value of the notes by creating a strong demand for them. Such notes can remain no more permanently in circulation, without depreciation, than can tickets for movies or concerts. Like the goods or services, or tickets for performances or transport services, in which they are redeemed, they are continuously used up and replaced. “Circulation” is anyhow a too misleading term for them. The oscillate rather, rapidly, being issued, streaming back and are continuously replaced by other such issues. – The shop foundation of such notes and their limited validity period would only assure that the notes stream back fast, but does not necessarily assure that the short term debts, upon which shop foundation notes were issued, are repaid fully and in time. – Here, interest, too, has a price function, the proper allocation of scarce resources, the rapid use of turnover-credit money for turnovers, rather than for medium or long-term credits. – And while it does so, it would rapidly assure the repayment of the short-term debt certificates upon which it has been issued. Formerly these were mainly sound commercial bills of exchange or “real bills”, as opposed to “financial bills”. - JZ, 17.7.03. - INTEREST NOT ON BANKNOTES BUT ON SHORT TERM SECURITIES UPON WHICH BANKNOTES, SHOP FOUNDATION MONEY ETC. CAN BE ISSUED, BANKING PRINCIPLE TECHNIQUE, REAL BILLS DOCTRINE, DEBT FOUNDATION, REFLUX FOIUNDATION & ASSURANCE

INTEREST RATES: The reduced ability or even inability to engage in monetary exchanges that is introduced through monetary despotism and monopolism (Legal Tender laws combined with the issue monopoly) amounts to a much greater economic burden than that part of the interest rates which is due to money issue monopoly - in case of money shortages or deflations. During rapid inflations the interest rates cannot even keep up with the inflation rates. During deflations even low interest rates and capital repayment installments would be hard to repay, because then one’s sales of goods and services are fewer and their prices lower, while many fixed costs remain the same. It matters greatly whether one is forced to repay one’s debts with the government’s monopoly money or is able to repay them with ones own monetary tokens or clearing certificates or clearing account credits conveying claims against the own goods or services. Both, savers and investors as well as the debtors suffer under the effects of monetary despotism during its deflations and during its inflations only the debtors benefit and may be chasing their creditors to “pay off” their debts to them in depreciated money with legal tender power. During a deflation the creditors would benefit only IF they are fully repaid by their debtors, in money, which would then have a higher purchasing power than at the time when the load was granted. But many of their debtors are then unable to pay, when the loan is due and may even go bankrupt. All rendered unemployed through the deflation will also have great difficulties in repaying their debts. Many will find it impossible. They might lose e.g. their houses or cars and these can then only be sold at deflated prices. Artificially decreased or increased interest rates cannot make up for inherent defects of monetary despotism. Even the legalized monopolies of some suppliers cannot, though their monopolies, make up for all the losses they have through deflations and inflations. The interest rate is often of much less importance than the ability or inability to pay. Only under full monetary freedom is that ability maximized. But under that freedom sales will be so easy, and productivity so high that in the average, except for mere turnover credits, the interest rates might rather increase than decrease, and that quite rightly so, as fair shares in the increased profitability attained through productive capital investments. The unemployment among the employees has its equivalent in the bankruptcies of businessmen and factories. But neither employers nor employees (whether employed or unemployed) or shopkeepers, wholesalers and factory owners, not to speak of bankers, have so far sufficiently explored their monetary freedom options. – JZ, 24.8.98, 26.9.08. – RATES, MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM, ABILITY TO PAY

INTEREST RATES: The subjective value theory applies to interest theories as well. Most interest theories have no objective value at all but merely a subjective value. Interest rates, like prices and wages, when freely determined, do also indicate merely subjective values. Fixed interest rates, controlled prices and wages and those depending upon legal monopolies are, naturally, another matter. They depend upon the subjective “values” of territorial, statist, collectivist and coercive monpolists and their “representatives” and territorial legislation. These artificial rates, prices and wages must be either abolished or there must be opportunities for those who despise them to contract others, those of a free market, for themselves. - Mises and the other Austrians still believe too much in "objective" interest rates. But even those determined by a free market are expressing subjective values. - Each is entitled to his kind of utopia regarding interest rates, prices, wages, rents, fees, taxes, voluntary contributions and insurance rates - among like-minded people, in their own payment and other voluntary communities. - JZ, 5.11.92., 23.10.02, 18.9.13. - PRICES, WAGES, INTEREST THEORIES, SUBJECTIVE VALUE THEORY, PANARCHISM

INTEREST: There is no such thing on earth as an uninteresting subject; the only thing that can exist is an uninterested person.” - G. K. Chesterton, Heretics, 1905. – INTEREST IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS, ESPECIALLY FUNDAMENTAL ONES OF THE “SOCIAL SCIENCES”, WHICH ARE NOT GENUINE SOCIAL SCIENCES AS YET, IN MOST CASES, AS REPRESENTED BY MOST OF ITS “SOCIAL SCIENTISTS”.

INTEREST RATES: Those who want interest-free or low interest bearing loans have no right to demand them from others but only the right to organized themselves for the supply of such a service - if and to the extent that they can and want to support it. - JZ, 10.8.87. - FREE BANKING

INTEREST RATES: Under the Beckerath system of replacing "unearned interest" in Cooperative Building and Loan Associations, the richest people pay much in interest and the poorest receive much in interest. Consequently, and at the extremes of their savings and loan arrangements, the high income people do not have to wait at all for a loan, but pay a high interest for it, while the low income people get the benefit of high interest on their savings so that finally they could have the full building costs together. In between and in the middle are those savers who first gain much in interest, then gain their building loan and pay for it as much in interest as they had before gained for their savings. To that extent their savings and loan arrangement is "interest-free" in balance, although the interest incentives to save and repay remained. The interest rate in such savings and loan associations is largely a premium to be paid for not having to wait for a loan and also a premium paid for waiting for a loan or postponing building until savings plus interest can paid for it. Prohibition of interest or low interest regulations would prevent the benefits for all, which can be derived from such institutions and their interest arrangements. - JZ, 21.10.02, 18.9.13. – SOUND BUILIND-& LOAN ASSOCIATIONS OR COOPS

INTEREST RATES: Why do most people speak mainly only of the “burden” of interest and not of the degrees of productivity and returns upon savings and investments, not only for old age security, that can be achieved through optimally and productively invested and interest or dividend bearing savings? As long as the interest charged amounts only to a fair share for the pre-done labor involved in capital, then it is not a burden but an earned reward for an aid to its debtor. It is then only a part of the additional productivity made possible through it and an insurance premium for sharing the risks involved. Interest and capital repayments becomes a burden only once sales of goods, services and labor have been made artificially difficult, via monetary despotism and debts have to be repaid in scarce monopoly money rather than through free clearing options, using also clearing house certificates and competitively issued alternative currencies, including shop currencies of shop associations. – Under full monetary and financial freedom it would also be much easier for employees to establish and maintain their own coops or partnerships, becoming co-owners and co-managers and capital owners. They might then e.g. make successful take-over bids for the enterprises they work in, paying off their debts gradually, but fast enough, from their additional productivity so achieved. Then they could also establish their own cooperatively run banks of issue and other financial institutions. So far they have still all too much consented to monopolies, privileges, authorities and hierarchies rather than trying to become self-responsible and self-managing in every sphere. The slave and serf mentality was all too strong in them and the tendency to blame everything on the existing bosses, rather than upon their own lack of initiative to engage in self-liberating actions, even when these are still quite legal and also profitable. – JZ, 10.2.06, 30.10.07, 18.9.13. – “USURY”, Q., ANTI-CAPITALISM MENTALITY, PRODUCTIVITY, CAPITAL SEEN AS PRE-DONE LABOR, ALSO ENTITLED TO ITS JUST REWARDS, PURCHASE OF ENTERPRISES BY THEIR EMPLOYEES, ON TERMS, MONETARY FREEDOM, MONETARY LIBERATION

INTERESTS: Decades of recent history have shown that Congress has become a plaything of massive special interests. The common man has no real voice. Is it any wonder that less than a third of those eligible actually vote? Why bother? Everyone we elect goes off to Washington and proceeds to ignore the voter from then on, listening only to those with money or influence to help them get re-elected.” - W. T. Quick, Safe to the Liberties of the People, ANALOG, 6/87, p.142. - VESTED, VOTING, GOVERNMENT, ELECTIONS, PARTIES, POLITICS, POWER, POLITICIANS, CONGRESS, ELECTION, REPRESENTATION, SPECIAL INTERESTS

INTERESTS: A general principle in the world is that there are no two people so close together that their interests are always identical, nor are there any people so far apart that they don't have some common interests." - Erwin S. Strauss, How to Start Your Own Country, p.30. - COMMON & DIFFERENT, OR INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS

INTERESTS: Assume the complete diffusion of defensive morality, it resolves itself simply into the conviction that men's interests, rightly understood, are always in accord with justice and general utility.” - Bastiat, Economic Sophisms, p.134. - SELFISHNES, MORALITY, HARMONY, UTILITY, HARM, RIGHTS, PROFIT, JUSTICE

INTERESTS: In the world of reality, life, and human action there is no such thing as interests independent of ideas, preceding them temporarily and logically. What a man considers his interest is the result of his ideas.” - Ludwig von Mises - IDEAS

INTERESTS: Rightful interests don't clash but harmonize. - JZ, 2/75. - HARMONY, RIGHTS

INTERFERENCE: interference with freedom always stands in need of justification. … interference with freedom, bad in itself, is always open to challenge.” - Jeffrie G. Murphy: Kant: The Philosophy of Right, p.48. – INTERVENTIONISM, LAWS, MEDDLING, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, GOVERNMENTALISM, CONTROLS, REGULATIONS, PERMITS, COMPULSORY LICENSING, PRICE CONTROLS ETC.

INTERFERENCE: Ah! Laissez-Faire. You're like right-wing businessmen or left-wing environmentalists. You believe humans should not interfere with the System." - Michael F. Flynn, In the Country of the Blind, conclusion, ANALOG, 11/87, 159. - No, rather than trying to run any sytem monopolistically, centralistically, coercively, collectively and territorially, which is almost a prescription for failure, all should only be attempted voluntarily, under personal laws, exterritorial autonomy or panarchism - for and by their supporters, which means also, at their own risk and expense only. Then we could learn much - not only from a few successes but also from the many failures that would occur. We are successful with this approach in science and technology and in private lifestyle preferences as well as in religion. We could also become free to apply it, successfully or unsuccessfullly, in the three spheres so far preempted by territorial governments, those of political, economic and social systems. - JZ, 30.10.02. –LAISSEZ-FAIRE, UTOPIAS, ENVIRONMENT, SYSTEMS, PANARCHISM, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT, FREEDOM OF ACTION FOR ALL, NOT JUST TERRITORIAL RULERS, ASSOCIAIONISM, CONTRACTARIANISM, VOLUNTARISM, POLYARCHISM, PERSONAL LAW, COMPETING GOVERNANCE

INTERFERENCE: But interference has a higher probability of failure than doing nothing. Doing nothing at all is often the right thing.” - Tom Clancy, The Sum of all Fears, p.307. - Yes, for territorial governments, after they have already really messed up a situation. – JZ, 14.9.07. - INTERVENTIONISM, INVASIONS BY TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS VS. DOING NOTHING

INTERFERENCE: For it is only when freedom is violated, according to Kant, that legal interference with people is justified.” - Jeffrie G. Murphy: Kant: The Philosophy of Right, p.144. - Defence is an action against interference. - , 26.7.92. – “Right is accompanied by the authority to enforce it.” - Kant. - FREEDOM & DEFENCE

INTERFERENCE: Interfere against the interferers! - JZ, 10/72. – Tolerance only towards the tolerant! Intolerance only towards the intolerante! – JZ, 18.9.13.

INTERFERENCE: J. S. Mill insisted that the State should never interfere with an adult civilized person for his own good; the pluralists adapted this dogma and applied it to the group: the state should not interfere with the life of a group for the good of the group itself or for the good of the individual members. - David Nicholls, The Pluralist State, p.92. - PANARCHISM

INTERFERENCE: Once they're out there, they'll be free to flourish, with no interference from Earth." - James Blish, Cities in Flight, They Shall Have Stars, 171/72. – Any Earth or World-government, by its very nature and size, would be even more interventionistic than any country-wide governments are, as a rule. – JZ, 18.9.13. – WORLD STATE, WORLD FEDERATION, WORLD GOVERNMENT, CENTRALIZATION, FREEDOM, PROGRESS, SPACE, CENTRAL PLANNING & CONTROLS, INTERVENTIONISM, GOVERNMENTALISM, TERRITORIALISM

INTERFERENCE: The difference between a free Government and a Government which is not free is principally this - that a Government which is not free interferes with everything it can, and a free Government interferes with nothing except what it must. A despotic Government tries to make everybody do what it wishes, a Liberal Government tries, so far as the safety of society will permit, to allow everybody to do what he wishes. …” - Sir William Vernon Harcourt, 1873. - Quoted in S. Hutchinson Harris, The Doctrine of Personal Right, 124/125. - Necessity and security were always the excuse of tyrants. - Compare how illiberal the Liberals became once they got the power to rule the population of a whole country. Most of the “modern” liberals have never learnt the lessons of classical liberalism or, if they had, have forgotten the or rejected them. - JZ, 3.7.92, 25.10.02, 18.9.13. - GOVERNMENT, SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE, LIMITED GOVERNMENT

INTERFERENCE: There is a limit to the legitimate interference of collective opinion with individual independence, and to find that limit, and maintain it against encroachment, is as indispensable to a good condition of human affairs, as protesters against political despotism.” - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty. - Before presuming the existence of a legitimate kind of interference, based on public opinion, one should at least state its kind of authorization and all the instances which it supposedly authorizes. I would not expet to encounter agreement on it in principle and in applications. "Public opinion" is as vague and inconsistent as are "public welfare", the "common good", "national security", "national interest" and the "public interest". They cannot be used as rightful excuses for wrongful interferences with individual rights and liberties. - JZ, 6.4.89, 26.10.02. - PUBLIC OPINION, LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, CONTROLS

INTERFERENCE: There is simply no other choice than this: either to abstain from interference in the free play of the market, or to delegate the entire management of production and distribution to the government … there exists no middle way.” – Ludwig von Mises, Liberalism, p.79. - MARKET, LAISSEZ FAIRE, GOVERNMENT, MIDDLE WAY, COMPROMISE, CENTRAL PLANNING & DIRECTION, STATE SOCIALISM

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: Infernal affairs is a more apt expression for all territorial politics. - JZ, 24.10.02.

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: On our crowded planet there are no longer any internal affairs. The Communist leaders say, "Don't interfere in our internal affairs. Let us strangle our citizens in peace and quiet." But I tell you: Interfere more and more. Interfere as much as you can. We beg you to come and interfere.” -  Solzhenitsyn, Words of Warning to the Western World, p.28. - The supposedly internal affairs of territorial States are the external and internal affairs of all freedom lovers. Only the internal affairs of exterritorially autonomous communities of volunteers are their own affairs. - JZ, 1.7.92. - But don't interfere using ABC mass extermination devices, indiscriminate air raids or by trying to impose your kind of territorialism and monetary despotism. "Peace to the cottages, war to the palaces!" - JZ, 23.10.02. - INTERVENTION, INTERFERENCE, AGGRESSION, “TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY”, LIBERATION, PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, TERRITORIALISM, TOTALITARIAN COMMUNISM, “TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY”, NON-INTERVENTION

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: Reject all claims to "internal affairs". We must not regard any nation's affairs as exclusively internal or domestic. We want more and more involvement in internal affairs of other nations. This is our planet - anything occurring anywhere is everybody's affair.” - F. M. Esfandiary, Up-Wingers, 1973, p.92. - One should distinguish between territorial and non-territorial "internal affairs", coercion used against non-aggressors and voluntary restrictions upon oneself and like-minded volunteers, affiliations with likeminded people across borders from usurpations over the "own" territory and its population and invasions of other lands and aggressions against other populations. Only volunteer communities have a right to exist, not States established upon conquest and maintained by more or less despotic territorial rule. Rule over involuntary subjects, that are not convicted criminals with victims, is never an "internal affair" to be regarded as such by outsiders. It justifies, nay, demands, intervention in one form or the other, as non-violently as possible, but also forcefully, when necessary, against the oppressors and victimizers. - JZ, 8.8.86, 24.10.02. – PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIALISM VS. TERRITORIALISM, RIGHTFUL WAR- & PEACE AIMS & DISCRIMINATING LIBERATION & WARFARE METHODS

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: The cancer today’s politics rests upon the glorification of the concept of internal affairs. The world has become too small and is governed too extensively by ideologies to permit us to speak of internal affairs. When I know that a country is dominated by an ideology, which must lead to war, then I have to adapt my actions to this insight. Is it an internal affair when a country (*) suppresses its (**) minorities.” - Alexander Kerenski, June 1934, in interview with Hans Habe, Leben fuer den Journalismus, Band 1, Reportagen und Gespraeche, Knaur, 1976, S. 270. (*) territorial government! –  (**) This use of „its“ may already wrongfully concede that minorities are the property or subjects of a country’s government, rather than being independent and self-governing at least as far as their individual rights and liberties are concerned. All too often our language use is our worst enemy. – JZ, 16.9.07. - TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY, TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY, DICTATORSHIPS & TYRANNIES, RIGHTS OF MINORITIES

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: The only "internal affairs" not to be interfered with (in order not to interfere with individual rights and liberties) are those of individuals and of their voluntary communities. - Territorial monopoly claims are not be respected and their institutions ought to be demolished, largely via individual secessionism and rightful liberation and revolution efforts by a world-wide federation of minorities that favours full exterritorial minority autonomy and rightful militias for the protection of individual rights and liberties, at least to the extent that they are rightly claimed by the volunteers of personal law communities, societies and governance systems of volunteers, for their own affairs. Territorial governments, by their very nature, cannot be genuine liberators. - JZ, 20.9.88, 26.10.02, 18.9.13. – PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM, PERSONAL LAW

INTERNAL AFFAIRS: What did one blame Pilatus for? That he did not want to interfere with the internal affairs of a foreign country? – (Was wird Pilatus eigentlich vorgeworfen? Das er sich nicht einmischen wollte in die inneren Angelegenheiten eines fremden Landes?) - Brudzinski. - INTERVENTIONISM, INTERFERENCE

INTERNAL SECURITY: The greater the internal security of a government the smaller the internal security of its subjects and also their external security. - JZ, 23.11.96, 20.10.02.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: International affairs are our internal affairs! - JZ, 20.10.76.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS: Things happening 2,000 miles away - happen on our doorsteps. - JZ, Comment to the book: The 25th Hour, (by Giorghieko?).

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION: Some of our governments don't know it yet, but competition between governments is here to stay and it is no longer mining companies who are on trial, it is governments who are on trial today, as the pace of international bidding for investment and development dollars intensifies.” - Ron Manners, The Mining Industry - A Global Community, From An Australian Point of View, p.24. – In the future, mining companies and other corporations and associations of them could become exterritorially autonomous, e.g. form their own world-wide free trade communities. – JZ, 14.1.09. – panarchism, FREE TRADE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, CORPORATIONS VS. GOVERNMENTS

INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS: But, sir, I have said I do not dread these corporations as instruments of power to destroy this country, because there are a thousand agencies which can regulate, restrain, and control them; but there is a corporation we may all well dread. That corporation is the Federal Government.” - Senator Benjamin H. Hill, remarks in the Senate on the Pacific Railroad funding bill, March 27, 1878, Congressional Record, vol. 7, p. 2067. - MULTINATIONALS, GOVERNMENT & CORPORATIONS, POWER, FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS, CENTRALIZATION, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM

INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS: Full exterritorial autonomy for multi-nationals - but also for all other minorities and individuals desiring it. - JZ, 20.4.89. - MULTI-NATIONALS, PANARCHISM, CORPORATIONS

INTERNATIONAL LAW: An international law that is based on individual rights will end wars. An international law that is based on ignorance and oppression, e.g. on territorialism, conquests and sovereignty for dictatorships, and upon decision-making monopolies for territorial governments, will assure the continuance of wars. - JZ, 19.7.87, 26.10.02, 18.9.13.

INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS: We sent ambassadors, the Americans said, not to kings but to peoples.” – Alexander Herzen, My Past and Thoughts, 1974 edition., pp 478-81, during a banquet on 21. Feb. 1854. - WITH PEOPLES RATHER THAN GOVERNMENTS, DIPLOMACY, AMBASSADORS, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES, SUMMIT CONFERENCES, DIPLOMACY – BETWEEN THE PEOPLES, OVER THE HEADS OF THEIR TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS, DECISION-MAKING MONOPOLIES OF TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: Peace, commerce, and honest relations with all nations, entangling alliances with none." - Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address. – I would like to see an international federation of all minority groups that would systematically work towards full exterritorial autonomy for all of their voluntary groups, communities or societies and also for full exterritorial autonomy for the majorities of the remaining rump “States”, merely denying them any territorial monopoly. – JZ, 14.1.09. – INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF ALL MINORITIES, PANARCHISM

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: There are not necessarily and continuously direct relations of States, as such, with each other, about which they might come to struggle. As a rule there are only the relations of single members of a State with single members of another. Only in the person of one of his citizens can a State be hurt. But this kind of injury can be immediately indemnified and the offended State can thus be satisfied.” – (Es gibt nicht notwending und fortdauernd unmittelbare Verhaeltnisse der Staaten, als solcher, zu einander, ueber die sie in Streit geraten koennten; es gibt in der Regel nur Beziehungen der einzelnen Mitbuerger eines Staates auf die einzelnen Mitbuerger des anderen; nur in der Person eines seiner Buerger koennte ein Staat verletzt werden; aber diese Verletzung wird auf der Stelle ersetzt, und so der beleidigte Staat befriedigt.”) - J. G. Fichte, Die Bestimmung des Menschen, p.134. - International relations are to be as far as possible turned into internal relations between free, i.e., individually sovereign, individuals and their exterritorially autonomous voluntary protective communties, operating under the limitations enforced by rightful international laws, highly developed individual rights declarations (whose rights may be claimed but need not be claimed by these volunteers) and by ideal volunteer militias for the protection of individual rights and panarchistic organizations. -JZ , 6.4.91, 13.1.93, 23.10.02. - PANARCHISM

INTERNATIONAL TRADE: On the unfounded and even irrational fear that we might persistently import more than we export: - Somehow most people seem to think that national accounts, budgets, credits and debts would be something entirely different, in principle, from those of individuals or family households. Most individuals and families can manage to pay their way, through their own productive efforts, without government assistance and protectionist policies, as long as they are not hindered or exploited by governments. Looking at the imports and exports of individuals: Would it not be nice if other people were ready to supply you with what you want, for your whole life, and you would not have to give them as much in return, through your exports, as they gave you, through your imports? Would you have any reason to complain? - What we export are our surplus items. We sell them at surplus and wholesale prices, i.e., rather cheaply, overseas, because we cannot sell them internally. Thus, what we receive for them, as statistically measured at the border posts, amounts to less than normal internal retail prices for the same goods. At the same time, what we import, are largely items we are short of. Therefore, for these, we are willing to pay relatively high prices. There is at least a tendency in this direction. It is, naturally, mitigated by bargains, we can achieve through overseas purchases. But let us forget about these for a moment and think rather of the expensive luxury items: perfumes, liqueurs, expensive watches, fashions, wines, flashy cars etc. Thus, likewise, measured through the prices at the borders, what we import seems rather expensive. This basic flaw in the calculation of the trade balance is then interpreted as a trade deficit: We seem to pay altogether more for imports than we make from our exports. - If that really were the case, the exchange rate would fall, against our currency, and under the new exchange rate the parity between total exports and imports would be achieved again, apart from the temporary movements of capital, profits and interest and dividends and apart from permanent investments which foreigners make with us and the capital assets which our citizens are prepared to sell them for fair market prices, as is their basic right. - In the long run imports and exports are always in balance. They pay for each other. The same applies to the international balance of payments, nicely balanced out through freely floating exchange rates. - This is to be expected. Neither goods nor service nor foreign exchange traders are in business to lose nor do they lose in the average. On the contrary. On both sides they win from the exchange, benefit their customers and make a profit. On balance, we have always a win-win situation, even if the official statistics do not show it. - Obviously, they do not show the value of smuggled items nor the values of smuggled currencies. Moreover, to evade custom duties the values of imported goods are often understated or overstated when subsidies are paid, e.g. for exports. I never forget one experience with custom officers in Berlin. I had looked up the law on custom duties on coins. Legally a duty was payable on them. I had a few small foreign coins and declared them to be subject to duty. The custom officer was not aware of that duty and did not charge me anything but waved me on. There is also a lot of bribery involved. Once, with my car under repair in Sydney, I got a lift back to Berrima in a beautiful new Porsche. The owner was a customs officer in NSW and he confessed to me in conversation, after he had discovered that I was a radical free trader, that he had financed this expensive car entirely with bribes received for letting items go through customs. Now, how correctly were his contributions towards Free Trade registered in the international trade statistics? He made once exception, he asserted: He never took bribes to let drugs through customs. - I think that we can safely ignore the official statistics on international trading. Instead, if we wanted to, we should rather compare not the prices for goods at the border but the prices for the imported and exported goods when sold to their consumers. Then, when added up, and compared through the exchange rate, they would tend to balance, as one could easily predict simply from the basic observation of what trade means to two trading partners. To speak in the most general terms of all trading: All debts are as high as all credits. They cancel each other. National borders do not make a difference. Nor do different currencies. But government intervention with free trade does. It prevents much trading, makes goods and services more expensive and wrongly transfers earnings from some to others, wasting much in the process and sending wrong price signals to all concerned. - Now imagine a monetary freedom system where either a single national clearing house (or a federation of free clearinghouses, cooperating with each other) were to exist and negotiate international trade in international clearing certificates backed up by all the goods and services (including information and labour) that we have ready for exports. These would be clearing house certificates issued by our exporters, based on their export goods and sold by them to our importers. The prices of these export goods and the values of these clearing certificates could e.g., be expressed in gold ounces. They would thus tend to be accepted and used by our importers and accepted by the foreign exporters like their amounts in gold weight values, as if these paper certificates were metallic gold ounces of the total value involved in any such deal. Like a shop currency with shop foundation, the international clearing certificates would tend to become issued by our exporters, with ready for sale export goods, bought from out exporters by our importers and then used by our importers to pay foreign exporters for our imports. Assume further, that our importers would use only these certificates in payments for all our imports. Moreover, assume that, to assure a rapid reflux of the clearing certificates thus spent for our imports, the clearing certificates would be given only a limited circulation period: 3 to 12 months. All would be expressly and quite freely transferable and free of all protective duties. (Let us also assume that small financial duties would still be levied and leave these out of consideration here.) Then, and quite naturally and inevitably, exports and imports, so mediated or paid for, would automatically balance. Unless, of course, foreign exporters would be so foolish to throw away or burn the clearing certificates received in payment from us or the foreign government would buy them from these exporters, at the expense of the taxpayers, to destroy them or keep them unused until they have expired and thus become valueless. In these cases we would have received imports without having to pay for them with our exports. To the extent that non-perishable goods were involved, and that those certificates, that were not returned, would have expired, we could then issue clearing certificates upon them again, and use them to pay for imports. - In many ways the present government paper monies, likewise having no legal tender value or monopoly status overseas, would act like the above hinted-at clearing certificates used for international trading. - Apart from foreign central banks being foolish enough to hoard our paper money as foreign exchange for a currency "reserve", perhaps because it is aware that it is less inflated than the own paper currency is, also apart from foreign citizens doing the same because they have reasons not to trust the paper currency of their governments, our own paper money in foreign countries, having been used to pay for our imports, would act like the above described private clearing certificates, too. It would have to return to us, directly or indirectly, to pay for our exports. But there are differences: Our paper money has not a limited period of circulation and it is not merely a clearing certificate acceptable in payment for our exports only, nor is it one that uses a stable value standard and one that is market-rated and accepted as if it were legal tender only by our exporters, who issued it. Our paper money is also not issued by providers of goods and services. (It has “only” monopoly power and legal tender power towards them. – JZ, 3.5.13.) Another difference might occur in practice: Since such clearing certificates are so obviously useful to balance exports with imports, they might be exempted from all foreign exchange restrictions. - The job of exporting would then be largely facilitated by selling the clearing certificates to importers, using them as means of payment, all over the world and then letting them find, with the help of an international clearing house or network, those foreign importers who could use them to pay for our exports to them. These certificates would be our trade representatives. Further trade negotiations and treaties would not be required. Their holders would induce their governments to let them use these clearing certificates freely as means of payment against us. - Thus, instead of appearing on the world market first as sellers, seeking payment in a more or less scarce currency, we would appear on it first as welcome buyers, with our own clearing means of exchange, optional and free market rated against their sound value standard, and backed by our goods and services ready for export. Buyers are more welcome than sellers are overseas, under present conditions. Moreover, foreign central banks are less likely to hoard these short term and merely privately issued clearing certificates. - In this whole international exchange process, the law of comparative advantage, a lower tax burden upon our production and minimal to no regulations, freedom of issue and clearing, freedom from government guarantees, free choice of value standards, the absence of coercive unionism and of legally established monopolies, and of all compulsory licensing and quotas for foreign trade and under at most merely some financial import duties (minimal to maximise turnovers and total receipts from them, rather than high, prohibitive and hardly covering the costs of raising them) would give us an advantage in freely trading with the world, even if that trade were only unilaterally free, from our side. - Seemingly, we would still be at a disadvantage: The world has so much to offer to us and we have to offer so relatively little to the world. Would that lead to overspending upon imports and difficulties in paying for our imports through our exports? Precisely to overcome this imagined and other imagined difficulties, Prof Edgard Milhaud, in several books, advanced the idea of international clearing certificates. - To seek out whatever trades are to mutual advantage, cannot be decided by outside observers, writers and thinkers, politicians and bureaucrats, not even by trained economists as advisors. It is the job of professionals, who have made it their life-long study. Let them do the job: namely, the exporters and importers, as agents for the ultimate sellers and buyers. Between them they will arrange all the mutually beneficial trades that are possible, benefiting themselves and us. We should simply not interfere with them in any way. Their Free Trade exchanges, combined with Monetary Freedom, can and will do the job for us, much better than any coercive and monopolistic authorities could. - There will be, as usual, some more or less sudden shifts in employment and in the use of resources. - Even if foreign exporters received subsidies and "dumped" their goods upon us, we should not protest against this and try to prevent it. Instead, we should rather welcome such discounts as gifts to us from foreign taxpayers. Under full monetary and financial freedom the adaptation to these changes will be rapid and complete. (I have intentionally avoided here dealing with trades in drugs, weapons and other hazardous goods but believe that territorial governments cause most of the problems associated with them in the first place.) - JZ, 5/97, 14.9.02, 3.5.13. – Please, if you can, turn this “article” into one or several concise but clear freedom slogans! – JZ, 14.1.09. - FREE TRADE & PROTECTIONISM, EXPORTS & IMPORTS, BALANCE OF TRADE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE & PAYMENT DEFICITS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL, FREELY FLOATING INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE RATES, INTERNATIONAL CLEARING, DUMPING, PROTECTIONISM

INTERNATIONAL TRADE: Two persons come together for exchange if and only if each expects to come out ahead. And, assuming neither has erred, each can and does come out ahead. That is virtually all one needs to know to make sense of international trade.” – Sheldon L. Richman, The “We” Fallacy, in Llewellyn H. Rockwell, ed., The Economics of Liberty, Mises Institute, 1990, p. 59. - FREE TRADE VS. PROTECTIONISM

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES: Should government-to-government treaties be binding upon their subjects? – JZ, 3.7.99. - This in spite of the fact that they had no direct say in the matter but were expressly and monopolistically excluded from the negotiations and these contracts? To speak of consent of the governed in these cases is rather absurd, especially when taxation and military obligations are thus determined for them. - JZ, 28.4.00. - AGREEMENTS, CONVENTIONS

INTERNATIONAL WARS: Ole Olson describes the international situation as a case of the irresistible evil force colliding with the immovably stupid object.” - Poul Anderson, Wildcat, in Conquests, 54/55. – Each panarchy is likely to have either allies or even members in territories that were formerly, unter territorialism, described as enemy countries. And the former territorial enemies will have their allies and members in the own country, all of them only doing their own things and, thereby, largely extinguishing animosities. – JZ, 14.1.09. - WARS OR CLASHES UNDER TERRITORIALISM VS. PEACE THROUGH EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR VOLUNTEERS OR PANARCHIES, ANIMOSITIES, ENEMIES PANARCHISM, ALLIES

INTERNATIONALISM: My country is the world; my countrymen are mankind." - William Lloyd Garrison. - MANKIND, PATRIOTISM, NATIONALISM, COSMOPOLITANISM

INTERNATIONALISM: True internationalism, he insisted, rests on self-determination: 'each individual, each association, commune, or province, each region and nation, has the absolute right to determine its own fate, to associate with others or not, to ally itself with whomever it will, or break any alliance, without regard to so-called historical claims or the convenience of its neighbour.' Only in this way would nations cease to be the products of conquest and historical and geographical distortion. In the long run, however, Bakunin believed that the national question is secondary to the social revolution and the social revolution should become a world revolution.” - Peter Marshall, Demanding the Impossible, p.34. - By accepting the notion of provinces, regions and nations he opposes the self-determination of individuals and minorities in these territories. They become victims of territorial majorities. Did he anywhere contemplate full exterritorial autonomy for volunteers and the absence of any territorial organization? - JZ, 22.10.02. - SELF-DETERMINATION, INDEPENDENCE, TERRIOTORIALISM VS. EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY & INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY

INTERNET: the Internet, which puts all the fools on earth in close personal touch. … The web is just a device by which bad ideas travel around the globe at the speed of light.” - P. J. O’Rourke, The CEO of the Sofa, Atlantic Monthly Press, 841 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003, 2001, p.28. - It is less effective in putting the others in touch with each other. Their sites are more or less swamped by those of the fools. E.g. on Facebook. But then the same happened largely with printed matter as well, with public education, with radio, TV, cassettes, video tapes and disks. – JZ, 8.10.07, 18.9.13.

INTERNET: Did You Know: Glen Roberts, a publisher of books, magazines and newsletters oriented toward privacy and surveillance, says that the FBI has become involved with the casual monitoring of many BBS systems.” - Secrets of the Sentient. - PRIVACY, FBI

INTERNET: Freedom of information is not enough without freedom to experiment. Can freedom to experiment be sufficiently spread via the Internet? Or is it there neglected as much as it is in the mass media, together with many other significant freedom and rights ideas and practices? I get disgusted when I see how many people use their computers and the Internet e.g., only to design and send each other greeting cards or fotos or travel and sports reports or play computer games rather than to develop and convey important ideas. - JZ, 14.2.99, 21.10.02. – However, I came to appreciate some of its publishing, search, flash memory and email options.  Alas, the use of large discs for whole special libraries, e.g. a libertarian one, is still all too much neglected. – JZ, 3.5.13. - PANARCHISM, FREEDOM OF INFORMATION, FREEDOM TO EXPERIMENT

INTERNET: Has the Internet explosively spread sound information much more so than misinformation? Has it still all too many features in common with the by now conventional mass media? - JZ, 19.10.02, 3.5.13. – Q., INFORMATION EXPLOSION

INTERNET: If the Internet would offer mainly only correct ideas, suggestions and facts, then by now all men would have a penis, longer by 2 or 3 inches, all women would have super- sized breasts, all would enjoy their sex much more etc. Much more importantly, an enlightened age would already be achieved and with it peace, justice, freedom and general wealth lifelong health and longevity would also be achieved. – Since this is not the case, what is still missing in this supposed information panacea? – JZ, 31.10.03, 3.5.13.

INTERNET: On the Internet, just like with the large libraries, most texts remain unread or read only by a few. But at least for the few interested people some special information is made more easily available and this world-wide and, sometimes, even in several languages. But accessibility from single points of entry should be very much improved. One should not have to browse through thousands of different sites. The links lists should be much more comprehensive and specialized. And one should be able to search for ideas rather than merely for words, which might be used in a quite different sense. – JZ, 20.4.05, 23.10.07, 3.5.13.

INTERNET: Precisely because so very much is already offered on the Internet most of these offers remain ignored by most people, even if they could relatively easily find wanted information through one or the other search engine. In this respect the Internet does still resemble the mass media and the libraries. – JZ, 22.2.08. – Naturally, that does not make either of them useless but one should clearly realize their limitations. The Internet search engines are also searching mainly for mere words and word combinations than for ideas. Thus they provide often many hints to word occurrences than one has time and energy to peruse to find the ideas and facts that one really wants. – If there exists already a search engine that makes it easy to search out plans and ideas, please, do point it out to me. – JZ, 17.0.08. – SEARCH OPTIONS

INTERNET: Some people still believe in the salvation of mankind through a God. Others, now more numerous, through a territorial government, a supposedly ideal one, and others have replaced both by their faith in the Internet as a sufficient institution to achieve the enlightenment of man. Well, formerly people expected that enlightenment from the invention of the printing press, later from newspapers, later from schools and universities, public libraries, bookshops, self-publishing on paper, conferences and other public meetings, lectures and discussions, open air speaking centers, from general literacy, from telegraphs, telephones, copy machines, duplicating machines, fax options, automated typesetting and printing machines, radios, TVs, movie films and movie tapes and disks, and also scanners, dictating machines and programs, email, websites and CD and HD options. Well, we have had already thousands of such “gods” and they all failed us. (Mencken wrote an excellent article on this.) Tens of thousands of territorial governments, in the history of mankind, did fail us as well. We have had about 500 million books published. By now we have had, for years, more than a billion website pages – and are we already sufficiently informed, enlightened and saved by any of these media? Territorial governments are still in charge of us and are still even our potential and all too powerful exterminators. And terrorists merely try to replace them by other territorial governments, through competing with the official terrorist methods. How much can we expect from the present electronic options and how much should we not expect from them until they are much better used than they were so far, to provide some really important information services, markets, reference works and library services, so far not yet sufficiently provided? I believe that this discussion has barely begun. (In 2010 I wrote a digitized book manuscript on these omissions by libertarians. It is not yet online but reviewed by GPdB at www.panarchy.org - It is available from me, free of charge, as an email attachment, zipped coming only to 306 KBs, until it appears online or on a disc by someone. It is not copyrighted. - Others might add more such omissions, expanding this survey or starting their own. – JZ, 3.5.13, 18.9.13.) The electronic options will not automatically develop in all the optimal directions, like the WIKIPEDIA has done so far. Trivia, garbage and mere entertainment do still predominate. And related information is still not sufficiently collected, interlinked or published together. Just some examples for this: Where is a complete electronic freedom library, abstracts and review collection, bibliography, directory, ideas archive, libertarian encyclopedia, libertarian refutations encyclopedia, slogans and quotes for liberty compilation? Enough libertarian “argument maps”, a comprehensive ddigital monetary freedom encyclopedia? You add your own examples! – JZ, 31.10.07, 18.9.13. - GODS, STATISM, GOVERNMENTS, FAITH, HOPE & ALL TOO MUCH CHARITY TOWARDS “GREAT” LEADERS OR INVENTIONS, NEW DRAFT MANUSCRIPT OF 2010.

INTERNET: The Futurians were born on the Net, and couldn’t exist without it. The Net is where the founders meet and where today’s members keep in touch and do most of their work. It happened that way because the Net is drowning in ignorance, misinformation, hostility, quackery, propaganda, credulous pseudoscience, rationalization, and just plain sloppy thinking. Futurians are people who find that all dismaying, because we think we can reach a little higher, ask a little more of ourselves and each other.” – Arthur C. Clarke & Michael Kube-McDowell, The Trigger, Harper/Collins Publishers, www.voyager-books.com 1999, p.477. - & FUTURIANS, FUTURISTS

INTERNET: The Internet is "in" - but does it, as yet, catch sufficient sound ideas, facts and talents in its net and does not yet sort them out - sufficiently, or does it spread significant titbits of information as widely and largely inaccessibly, as do mass media and libraries? The automatic search engines are somewhat helpful, but sometimes too helpful, by e.g. digging up too much garbage, or words and definitions with a diferente and unwanted meaning, repeatedly, so that significant and wanted bits of information are again more or less buried. The art of automated search engines can be refined and is being refined. But even that should not be necessary, if the wanted information were already assembled in sufficiently ordered and combined form on the Internet. That is no more the case than it is in large bookshops or libraries, in spite of professional attempts to do so. For instance, few bookshops have special sections on e.g., peace writings and anti-aging research. On the Internet, on special subjects, the tendency remains strong to display, repeatedly, rather the popular errors, myths and prejudices on them than the real insights and solutions. - JZ, 21.10.02, 3.5.13.

INTERNET: The Internet is today still too much like the streets of the cities of the Middle Ages – which also served as sewers. – Or full of wrong and false messages, just like the mass media or full of misleading rules and principles, like the libraries of laws and regulations. However, on the Internet critical minds can at least ignore or reject much of the wrongful and false statements. Under territorial governments they can be forced to abide by them and are not free to secede from them and their “creators” and administrators, especially when these great misleaders are engaged in their power- and war-games. – JZ, 27.12.05, 19.9.08, 3.5.13.

INTERNET: The Internet, with it enormous mass of websites, is almost like a giant library in which its sites (books) are rarely looked at and all too often not even found when wanted. Or like a giant graveyard in which its “bodies”, books etc., are buried and never or rarely visited. – JZ, 23.2.03. – And this in spite of numerous automatic search engines, still tied mainly to mere words rather than ideas and opinions. – JZ, 21.10.07.

INTERNET: The real issue is control. The Internet is too widespread to be easily dominated by any single government. By creating a seamless global economic zone, anti-sovereign and unregulatable, the Internet calls into question the very idea of a nation-state.” – John Perry Barlow - GOVERNMENT CONTROL

INTERNET: Too many different voices. Too few sensible ones. – Just like in the other mass media. But it makes it easier to find a few sensible ones. However, these few are not always looked up, neither by me nor by most other freedom seekers. – , 27.3.03. - Abstracts and review collections, bibliographies and indexes as well as various libertarian encyclopedias could make the libertarian contents of the Internet more accessible. So far there is not even a list offered of all the libertarian titles offered online or in other libertarian media, no a list of all current and proposed libertarian projects. What I miss most is an archive of all libertarian ideas. – JZ, 27.3.03, 18.9.08. – However, I love it that e.g. Amazon books points out related titles, reviews by others and offers you a chance to write a short review of a book.– Most of my mail goes now via email and most of my files are no longer on paper. I do appreciate these and also some search options and resulting findings. – JZ, 18.9.13.  MASS MEDIA

INTERNET: When the technologies that are shaping the new millennium are considered, it is far more likely that we will see not one world government, but micro-government, or even conditions approaching anarchy.” - James Dale Davidson & William Rees-MOGG, The Sovereign Individual, MacMillan, & Simon & Schuster, 1997, p.32. - Technologies do not automatically demolish well-established myths, errors and prejudices and the institutions based upon them. - Territorial governments don't give up as easily. If the Internet really threatened them that much and obviously, they would rather outlaw and destroy all computers and electronic linkages. Compare the monopolies and controlling powers they claimed and held regarding postal services, telephones, radio and television. - How much genuine enlightenment has the Internet spread so far? How much have mass media and free libraries achieved? Just another mass medium is not necessarily promoting truths more than lies – unless it is  systematically used for that purpose. - JZ, 23.4.00, 18.9.13. - COMPUTERS, WEBSITES, E-MAIL

INTERNET: While it might be easier to find and download one to a few books from the Internet, if they are already offered there, I believe that for a long time it will be easier and cheaper and maybe even faster to order a special whole library on a CD or DVD than to download it from one or x sites on the Internet. - JZ, 30.10.02. – However, to get enough anarchists and libertarians to collaborate sufficiently to tackle and finish such large libertarian jobs is, under present conditions, still all too difficult. – JZ, 3.5.13. - CDs & DVDS FOR WHOLE LIBERTARIAN SPECIAL LIBRARIES

INTERNMENT: A thousand men from the Criminal Investigation Division of Scotland Yard went out knocking on doors where “enemy aliens” lived. They assembled several thousand German and Austrian women, many of whom had been working as servants, and sent them to the Isle of Man, in the Irish Sea. … It was May 27, 1940. - The British government now held eleven thousand people in detention facilities, most of them Jews. … At the Mooragh detention camp, on the Isle of Man, inmates published a camp newspaper. “Let the MOORAGH TIMES be a witness of how a great nation thought it right – for the first time in long centuries of its heroic history – to begin a war for the liberation of Western civilization by imprisoning the most embittered enemies of its own enemies”, wrote its editor, Robert Neumann, in German.” – The newspaper was quickly suppressed.” - Nicholson Baker, Human Smoke, the Beginnings of World War II, the End of Civilization, Simon & Schuster, 2008, p.189. - WAR AIMS, LIBERATION, JEWS, ENEMY CONCEPT OF TERRITORIALISM, INTERNMENT CAMPS FOR “GERMANS” OR “ENEMY ALIENS”, COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY NOTIONS & PRACTICES

INTERPRETATIONS: As was observed by Josiah Warren, a contemporary and friend of Spooner, men are governed not by principles or even by laws, but by interpretations: the words can have different meanings according to the reader. (6) The citizen thus always remains uncertain before the law and awaits with anxiety the verdict of the court.” - M. R. Creagh, Lysander Spooner … in: Holterman, Law in Anarchism. - (6) A Brush at Old Cobwebs, PEACEFUL REVOLUTIONIST, Cincinnati, I, April 3, 1833, Cf ibid I, Febr. 5, 1833, 5: Of our State Difficulties. - WORDS, LANGUAGE, PRINCIPLES, LAWS, PUBLIC OPINIONS, POPULAR ERRORS & PREJUDICES

INTERVENTIONIONISM: Acts of intervention by the State, which only two generations ago would have been regarded as the most heinous injustice, are today commonplace occurrences.” - Otto von Habsburg, The Social Order of Tomorrow, p.30. - STATE

INTERVENTIONIONISM: An intervention only among volunteers is not a wrongful intervention but an invited “reform” that they do agree with. And an intervention against a coercive intervention isn't an intervention, either but, rather, a defensive action. - JZ, 8.6.92, 15.1.09. - AGGRESSION, DEFENCE, SELF-DEFENCE, RESISTANCE, REVOLUTION, GUN CONTROL, VOLUNTARISM, RENUNCIATION OF RIGHTS & LIBERTIES AMONG VOLUNTEERS, PANARCHISM

INTERVENTIONIONISM: We respect personal rights but we don't respect suppression.” - Lee Goodloe & Jerry Oltion, Moonsong, ANALOG 7/89, p.37. - NON-INTERVENTION, INTERNAL AFFAIRS, DICTATORSHIPS

INTERVENTION: What we have to consider today - while time remains - is the permanent prevention of war and the establishment of freedom and democracy as rapidly as possible in all countries. Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed by closing our eyes to them … They will not be removed by a policy of appeasement.” - Sir Winston Churchill, Sinews of Peace - Postwar Speeches. - ISOLATIONISM, APPEASEMENT, STATUS QUO, DÉTENTE, FREEDOM, DEMOCRACY, DICTATORSHIPS, TYRANNIES, TOTALITARIANISM, DESPOTISM, LIBERATION, VOLLUNTARISM, SECESSIONISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR VOLUNTEERS, PERSONAL LAW

INTERVENTIONIONISM: Whenever, wherever and however government interferes waste results. Under laissez faire economics, i.e., free pricing, free work, property and profit incentives for all and the great varieties of free contracts, savings, efficiencies and relative abundance result, almost automatically, as by the efforts of an "invisible hand" or by a force towards "natural harmony". Each gets non-authoritarian feedbacks on his actions in order to correct or optimize them. - JZ, 11.6.99, 21.10.02. - INTERFERENCE, WASTE, GOVERNMENT, LAISSEZ FAIRE & FREE ENTERPRISE, FREE TRADE CAPITALISM, MONETARY & FINANCIAL FREEDOM, SECESSIONISM, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES VS. TERRITORIALISM

INTERVENTIONISM: at first price control, then forced sales, then rationing, then regulation of production and distribution, and finally attempts at central planning of all production and distribution.” – Ludwig von Mises, quoted in: B. B. Greaves, Mises bibliography, p.97.

INTERVENTIONISM: he suddenly grew sick of all the thousands of artificial modes of behavior conjured up by representatives of government, by military men, by patriots and traitors and fighters and …” - Greg Bear, Eon, p.202. – LAWS, LEGISLATION, WELFARE STATE, GOVERNMENT MEDDLING

INTERVENTIONISM: interventionism is the market-meddling and privacy-invading method of the so-called middle-way, welfare-state, mixed economies of North America, Western Europe and Japan.” - William H. Peterson, THE FREEMAN, 8/76.

INTERVENTIONISM: the only way to deter corruption is to reduce significantly the scale of public intervention.” - Vito Tanzy, in his essay on corruption. - As long as political favors are possible they will be offered and bought. In a free economy no political favors will be available for sale to businessmen. But an economy is not free while it is under compulsory taxation and other aspects of financial despotism as well as under monetary despotism, instead of under full monetary and financial freedom. All too many possible and desired exchanges are made difficult to impossible under monetary and financial despotism, which are only good in producing man-made crises, like inflaitons, deflations, stagflations, unemployment, bankruptcies and impoverishment. All too much of its technically and scientifically increased productivity and of the market productivity remaining under xyz governmental restrictions, will be confiscated into governmental slush funds. Then, to obtain favorable treatment in government contracts, contractors will again make bids for these favors. Governmental decision-making and compulsory taxation and governmental spending are inseparable from corruption. - JZ, 24.4.00, 18.9.13. - MIXED ECONOMY, WELFARE STATE, CORRUPTION, POLITICS

INTERVENTIONISM: whenever government steps in to destroy a free market, the most productive and virtuous people will suffer, and the most unproductive and corrupt will gain at their expense.” – John McClaughry, FREEDOM NETWORK NEWS, 12/07, p.4. - GOVERNMENTS VS. FREE MARKET

INTERVENTIONISM: Because political institutions are allowed to intervene in economic matters, legislative hearing rooms and administrative agencies have become little more than battle-grounds in which producers battle other producers, sellers war with buyers, landlords fight with tenants, one industry encounters another industry, employers brawl with employees, and all with the consumers bearing the brunt of casualties. Even though this racket costs people billions of dollars annually, creates high unemployment rates, stifles innovation, discourages people from entering particular industries, causes other economic hardships and helps secure the blessings of conflict to the political State, it continues. Business and professional groups, labor unions, and other economic interests, continue penetrating their fraudulent schemes to protect the public from the consequences of free choice!” - Butler D. Shaffer, Calculated Chaos, p.145. – This book is at least partly online for reading with Google. So I could at least now eliminate some of my typos. – JZ, 18.9.13. - FREE CHOICE, LOBBIES, PRESSURE GROUPS, VESTED INTERESTS, PROTECTIONISM, LEGALIZED PRIVILEGES, CORRUPTION

INTERVENTIONISM: But this is not a crisis of capitalism. It is the crisis of interventionism, of policies designed to improve capitalism and to substitute a better system for it.” - Ludwig von Mises, Planned Chaos, p.21. – Designed or merely intended as an improvement, in ignorance of free enterprise and free exchange capitalism and of anything better? – JZ, 14.1.09. – CAPITALISM, ANTI-CAPITALISM, INTERVENTIONISM, STATISM, WELFARE STATE, TERRITORIALISM, AUTHORITARIANISM, LAWS, LEGISLATION

INTERVENTIONISM: By misnaming what they are talking about, interventionists create an illusion that they are ministering to economy when they are really using force on people.” - Clarence B. Carson, THE FREEMAN, 7/76. - FORCE, WELFARE, COMMON GOOD, PUBLIC WELFARE, PUBLIC INTEREST

INTERVENTIONISM: Every government intervention into peaceful private activities tends to make things worse rather than better.” - Postulate of a planned book, by William H. Peterson, THE FREEMAN, Aug. 76, p.454.

INTERVENTIONISM: Government intervention makes the situation worse, and only leads to calls for further government intervention.” - Carl Watner, TH VOLUNTARYIST, 8/99, p.6.

INTERVENTIONISM: I let go of all desire for the common good, and the good becomes as common as the grass.” – Lao Tse. - I would agree with that remark only, if all individuals gave up their wishes and attempts to achieve the common good via territorialism, its collectivism, coercion and privileges. - JZ, 26.11. 06. - POLITICS, WELFARE STATE, TAXATION, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, COMMON GOOD VS. INDIVIDUAL GOOD, PUBLIC INTEREST VS. INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS, TERRITORIALISM, STATISM

INTERVENTIONISM: I only hope our meddling fools down in Washington will conquer the itch for sticking their nose (*) in other people's business, and keep quiet. If they do, it will be a miracle, but miracles sometimes happen.” - Albert Jay Nock, Journal of Forgotten Days, May 1934 - October 1935, Regnery, 1948, p.122. - Among the things that they could and should have done is discuss and publish rightful war- and peace-aims, recognize all governments- and societies-in exile that do recognize these aims, and do want to rule only over volunteers and do this already, as far as is rightful and possible. Furthermore, the borders should have been opened for all refugees and deserters. They could and should have developed and published programs for rightful warfare and resistance and liberation actions, for rightful military insurrections and revolutions, how they could be best organized and financed. They could have popularized again the old theory and practice of tyrannicide. With such steps and much less blood, property and earnings sacrifices than were used e.g. in WW II by the U.S. government, they could have achieved much more, much sooner and much more lastingly. But, naturally, as territorial governments, they did not do any of this. – (*) Have all these fools only one nose between them? – JZ, 28.4.00, 3.5.00. – Have they got even one brain between them? – JZ, 18.9.13. - MEDDLING, ISOLATIONISM

INTERVENTIONISM: If centralization worked all that well, Russia would export wheat.” - Michael F. Flynn, In the Country of the Blind, part I, ANALOG, 10/87, p.36. - Bureaucratic "planning" is sometimes good enough to produce UNWANTED & UNSALEABLE surplus products, e.g., through subsidies or price supports. It is not so good in producing wanted things and services. - JZ, 30.10.02. - FARM POLICY, PLANNING, CENTRALIZATION, DIRIGISM

INTERVENTIONISM: If you want government to intervene domestically, you're a liberal. If you want government to intervene overseas, you're a conservative. If you want government to intervene everywhere, you're a moderate. If you don't want government to intervene anywhere, you're an extremist.” - Joseph Sobran (1995). – JOKES, LIBERALS, CONSERVATIVES, MODERATES, EXTREMISTS

INTERVENTIONISM: Interventionism is a human tendency with inhuman results. - JZ, 2.10.86, 24.10.02.

INTERVENTIONISM: No free State can reasonably tolerate, aside of itself, any constitutions whose rulers derive advantages from subjugating peoples in their neighbourhood and who, thereby, perpetually threaten the existence of their neighbours. Care for their own security forces all free States to transform all those around them likewise into free States and so, in their own interest, to spread the empire of culture over the savages, that of freedom over the enslaved peoples. Soon after, the peoples formed and liberated by them will get into the same situation with their still barbaric and enslaved neighbours, in which the previously free States were shortly before with them. They will then be forced to do the same for these, what had just been done to them. Consequently, once some truly free States developed, inevitably the territory of culture and freedom, and with it that of general peace, will gradually embrace the whole planet. - Thus follows, necessarily, from the establishment of a rightful constitution in the interior and from the assurance of peace between individuals, rightful external relations between the peoples and general peace between States.” – (“Kein freier Staat kann Verfassungen, deren Oberherren Vorteile davon haben, wenn sie benachbarte Voelker unterjochen, und die daher durch ihre blosses Dasein die Ruhe der Nachbarn unaufhoerlich bedrohen, vernuenftigerweise neben sich dulden.; die Sorge fuer ihre eigene Sicherheit noetigt alle freie Staaten, alles um sich herum gleichfalls in freie Staaten umzuschaffen, und so um ihres eignen Wohls willen das Reich der Cultur ueber die Wilden, das der Freiheit ueber die Sklavenvoelker rund um sich her zu verbreiten. Bald werden die, durch sie gebildeten oder befreiten Voelker, mit ihren noch barbarischen oder sklavischen Nachbarn in dieselbe Lage geraten, in welcher die frueher freien vor Kurzem noch mit ihnen selbst waren, und genoetigt sein, dasselbe fuer diese zu tun, was so eben fuer sie geschah: und so wird denn, nachdem nur einige wahrhaft freie Staaten entstanden, notwendig das Gebiet der Cultur, und der Freiheit, und mit ihm des allgemeinen Friedens, allmaehlich den ganzen Erdball umschlingen. - So erfolgt notwendig aus der Errichtung einer rechtlichen Verfassung im Innern, und aus der Befestigung des Friedens zwischen den Einzelnen Rechtlichkeit im aeusseren Verhaeltnisse der Voelker gegen einander, und allgemeiner Friede der Staaten. …” ) – J. G. Fichte, Die Bestimmung des Menschen, p.138. - Interventions by exterritorially autonomous volunteer communities, striving to provide the neighbouring captive peoples, nations and minorities with the same exterritorial autonomy, are likely to be more justified, efficient and less bloody. Already their mere examples could set off liberating revolutions and military insurrections in despotically ruled countries. Territorial States are not and cannot be fully free States or sufficiently limited ones. They will always have more or less suppressed or outvoted individuals and minorities. Their dictatorship over dissenters, however democratic in forms, varies only by degrees. – Thus we never had any quite free States or societies as yet. - JZ, 4.6.91, 24.10.02, 3.5.13. - ROGUE STATES, DICTATORSHIPS, DESPOTISM, TOTALITARIANISM, RIGHTS, PEACE, JUSTICE, CONSTITUTIONS, FREEDOM, CRIMINAL REGIMES

INTERVENTIONISM: Promotion of individual secession and exterritorial autonomy for volunteer communities isn't "intervention" in the affairs of those who do agree among themselves. For them it means rather liberation, so that in future they can run their own affairs as they please, independent from majorities, experts and rulers with whom they disagree. It amounts rather to intervention with coercive interventionism to achieve the abolition of this kind of wrongful interventionism via liberating interventionism. - JZ, 21.11.93. - Like any use of force it is not inherently bad. It simply depends for what purpose it is used - to defend rights and liberties or to offend against them. - JZ, 21.10.02. - SECESSIONISM, PANARCHISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, DEFENCE, AGGRESSION

INTERVENTIONISM: The beneficial effect of state intervention, especially in the form of legislation, is direct, immediate, and so to speak, visible, while its evil effects are gradual and indirect and lay [remain? – JZ] out of sight ... Hence the majority of mankind must almost of necessity look with undue favor upon governmental intervention.” - A. V. Dicey, ISIL LIBERTY QUOTE LIBRARY 03. - PATERNALISM, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS & MEASURES

INTERVENTIONISM: The interventionists do not approach the study of economic matters with scientific disinterestedness. Most of them are driven by an envious resentment against those whose incomes are larger than their own. This bias makes it impossible for them to see things as they really are. For them the main thing is not to improve the conditions of the masses, but to harm the entrepreneurs and capitalists even if this policy victimizes the immense majority of the people." - Ludwig von Mises. – Quoted by Nizam Ahmad – Facebook, 16.9.13.

INTERVENTIONISM: The intrusion of politics into the field of economics is simply an evidence of human ignorance or arrogance, and is as fatuous as an attempt to control the rise and fall of the tides." - Frank Chodorov – quoted by Nizam Ahmad sharing Benjamin Richards's status update. - Benjamin Richards – Facebook, 12.9.13.

INTERVENTIONISM: The State tends to expand in proportion to its means of existence and to live beyond its means, and these are, in the last analysis, nothing but the substance of the people. Woe to the people that cannot limit the sphere of action of the State! Freedom, private enterprise, wealth, happiness, independence, personal dignity, all vanish.” – Frederic Bastiat, Sophisms, p.141. - Quoted in: Bastiat on Liberty, p.60. - DEMOCRATY, STATISM, PEOPLE

INTERVENTIONISM: Thus, for Hayek, interventionist politics deserves the special odium, which is incurred by book-burning regimes: it destroys knowledge. Prices ...” - Geoffrey Sampson, An End To Allegiance, p.175. - KNOWLEDGE & BOOK BURNING, ALLEGIANCE, LOYALTY, TERRITORIALISM, STATISM, NATIONALISM

INTERVENTIONISM: What must be the consequence of all this intervention? … Capital, under the impact of such a doctrine, will hide, flee, be destroyed. And what will become, then, of the workers, those workers for whom you profess an affection so deep and sincere, but so unenlightened? Will they be better fed when agricultural production is stopped? Will they be better dressed when no one dares to build a factory? Will they have more employment when capital will have disappeared?” – Frederic Bastiat, Essays, p.109. – CAPITAL, EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, ANTI-CAPITALISM MENTALITY & INTERVENTIONISM

INTERVENTIONISM: What the interventionist aims at is the substitution of police pressure for the choice of the consumers. All this talk: the state should do this all that, ultimately means: the police should force consumers to behave otherwise than they would behave spontaneously.” - Ludwig von Mises, Planned Chaos, p.27. - THE CONSUMERS. – CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY, FREE ENTERPRISE, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION & CONTRACT IN EVERY SPHERE NOW MONOPOLIZED BY TERRITORIAL STATES

INTERVENTIONISM: When you get into trouble 5,000 miles way from home, you've got to have been looking for it.” - Will Rogers, Autobiography, p.274. – That is hardly true for tourists held to ransom by pirates or terrorists. – JZ, 14.1.09.

INTERVENTIONISM: Why rely "upon more intervention in the lives of … citizens to deal with problems originally caused by intervention"? - G. C. Roche III, Frederic Bastiat, A Man Alone, p.158. – Q.

INTERVENTIONISM: With the best intentions coercive interventions achieve, as a rule, the opposite of the intended result. They do enchain rather than liberate creative energies and do not sufficiently restrict or prevent crimes with victims. Drug and gun laws are typical examples. So are monopoly police and defence forces and governmental armaments, public health measures and governmental insurance schemes, central banks and arbitration systems etc. Have territorial governments any successes to present or only failures? I do not know of any successes. Do you? - JZ, 24.10.02. - STATISM, BUREAUCRACY, LEGISLATION, PROTECTIONISM, REGULATIONS, LAWS, GOVERNMENTS, STATE, TERRITORIALISM, GOVERNMENTS, GOOD INTENTIONS, WRONGFUL MEANS

INTERVIEWS: Mostly they amount merely to the ignorant and prejudiced interviewing the ignorant and prejudiced but somewhat famous people. Sometimes there is foolishness only on one side. All too often it is shown on both sides. - JZ, 20.7.87, 26.10.02, 3.5.13.

INTOLERANCE: we have outlawed intolerance.” – (… wir haben die Intoleranz fuer vogelfrei erklaert.”) - Hans Habe, Leben fuer den Journalismus, Bd. 4, S.23. - Not yet sufficiently, until we have subscribed to full tolerance even in the political, economic and social spheres as well, for all kinds of  exterritorially autonomous experiments of volunteers. - Tolerance merely for freedom of expression and information, styles and fashions etc. is by far not enough. - JZ, 27.10.02. – TOLERANCE, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PERSONAL LAW, PANARCHISM

INTOLERANCE: intolerance is the first sign of an inadequate education. An ill-educated person behaves with arrogant impatience, whereas truly profound education breeds humility.” - Alexander Solzhenitsyn, August 14, p.473. - EDUCATION

INTOLERANCE: All conventional  i.e., intolerant, territorial, coercive, centralizing and monopolistic) revolutionaries tend to dig their own graves. - JZ, 8.3.85. - "The revolution swallows its own children." Even if their movement survives and wins, it will lose its impetus in the long run and lead only, after numerous sacrifices, to almost total failure. Just like most peaceful and gradualist territorial reform movements. There is no just and sound territorial substitute for self-government of individuals under personal laws and exterritorial autonomy for their volunteer communities or societies. Under territorialism mutual intolerance goes on for centuries and demands its daily victims. - JZ, 25.10.02. - REVOLUTIONARIES, TERRITORIALISM, PANARCHISM

INTOLERANCE: Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.” - Thomas A. Kempis. - BLAME, ANGER

INTOLERANCE: But the Denebs had one great shortcoming - they could not abide the notion of sharing the cosmos with a life form equal to themselves - or higher.” - Eric Frank Russell, Sentinel's from Space, p.225. - TERRITORIALISM, NATIONALISM, RACISM, RELIGIOUSLY TOLERANCE, ALIENS, TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: Christians have burnt each other, quite persuaded that all the Apostles would have done as they did.” – Lord Byron, 1788-1824, Don Juan, 1819-24. - CHRISTIANS, RELIGION

INTOLERANCE: Civil war's civil war," the judge reminded him. "It always has been and always will be. Intolerance brings it on, and intolerance is the greatest curse of every land, though every man likes to think his own land is free of it." - Kenneth Roberts, Oliver Wiswell, p.218. - CIVIL WAR, TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: Cuius regio eius religio.” - He who controls the territory controls the religion. - TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: Either intolerant dogmatism or man will have to die. - JZ, 16.3.76. - SURVIVAL, TOLERANCE, DOGMATISM, NUCLEAR WAR, TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: Everyone also knows what ought to be done. Everyone reviles everyone who does not agree with him, and everyone differs, or agrees only in contempt for everyone else. As far as I can see, everyone is right.” - Henry Adams – Everyone is right only in their intolerance towards the intolerant others, and in their tolerance for tolerant others, while everyone is wrong in their intolerance towards tolerant others and in not being satisfied with tolerance for their own and self-responsible actions. Intolerance only for intolerant people and their actions. Tolerance for all who are tolerant. – Under exterritorial autonomy and personal laws that is quite possible and practicable, as evidenced by history and even some historical remnants of exterritoriality and personal laws. – JZ, 8.8.08. – TOLERANCE, PERSONAL LAW, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, PANARCHISM, POLYARCHISM

INTOLERANCE: For no isolated, static culture wants the stimulus of a more active, wider-ranging culture changing its rigid ways.” - James Blish, Earthman Come Home, ASTOUNDING SF, Nov. 1953, p. 86. - RIGIDITY, HATREDS, STAGNATION, CHANGE, FUNDAMENTALISM, TERRITORIALISM, DOMINATION, TOLERANCE, PANARCHISM

INTOLERANCE: I don't like making the rest of the world live in my dreams but I certainly don't want to live in yours.” - Ursula Le Guin, The Lathe of Heaven, p.125. – DREAMS, PANARCHISM, TOLERANCE

INTOLERANCE: If the fires of freedom and civil liberties burn low in other lands, they must be made brighter in our own. If in other lands the press and books and literature of all kinds are censored, we must redouble our efforts here to keep them free. If in other lands the eternal truths of the past are threatened by intolerance we must provide a safe place for their perpetuation.” - President Franklin D. Roosevelt, address to the National Education Association, New York City, June 30, 1938. - The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1938, p. 418 (1941). - True, but did he follow his advice? - JZ, 11.10.02. - Did he decrease or increase liberty in the US? - JZ, 23.11.02. - IMMIGRATION, LIBERTY VS. DESPOTISM

INTOLERANCE: Intolerant politics is as bad, if not worse than were and are (still in some countries) intolerant religions. - JZ, 25.8.98. - Politics will be generally as intolerant as religions were - as long as as it remains territorial, as territorial as intolerant religions were and in some places still are. - JZ, 25.8.98, 21.10.02. - POLITICS & RELIGIONS, TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: It is certainly no part of religion to compel religion.” - Quintus Septimius Tertullian, Ad Scapulam, 2. - But since religions are based upon irrationality and include many immoral dogmas, one has to expect irrational and immoral actions from many of their believers. - JZ, 27.11.02. - FANATICISM, RELIGION

INTOLERANCE: It is terrible in this world that we try with the same eagerness to make ourselves happy and to prevent others from being happy.” - Rivarol, in: Franzoesische Moralisten, S.324. - HAPPINESS, INTERFERENCE & ANIMOSITIES

INTOLERANCE: Kill them all. God will easily recognize His own.” - Amalric, To Simon de Montfort, at the massacre at Beziers, 1209. - GENOCIDE, RELIGIOUS FANATICISM, MASS MURDERS, COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

INTOLERANCE: Many people seem to act under the "principle": Any excuse to make an enemy, even out of a friend or ally. - JZ, 28.7.96. - POLITICS AS USUAL, TERRITORIALISM, ENEMIES, FRIENDS, ALLIES, WEAPONS, WARFARE, FOREIGN POLICY, COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY, AIR RAIDS, NUCLEAR "DEFENCE"

INTOLERANCE: Men can be attracted but not forced to the faith. You may drive people to baptism, you won't move them one step further to religion.” - Alcuin (Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus). - RELIGION, FAITH, BELIEF

INTOLERANCE: Morality, thou deadly bane, // Thy tens o' thousands thou has slain!” - Robert Burns - INTOLERANCE & WHAT PASSES AS MORALITY, ZEALOTS, FANATICS, FUNDAMENTALISTS, TERRORISTS

INTOLERANCE: Nothing dies so hard, or rallies so often, as intolerance.” - Henry Ward Beecher. - Before consistent tolerance, for all tolerant people, even in the spheres of actions now pre-empted by governments, it would tend to melt away and stay away forever. - JZ, 14.10.02. – PANARCHISM, TOLERANCE, VOLUNTARISM, PERSONAL LAW, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY VS. TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: Still witches are burnt, at the stakes of the ideologues, someone is always the scapegoat and then one can, as the good one, with sand in one’s eyes, start another crusade.” – A very rough translation by  of: “Immer noch werden Hexen verbrannt // auf den Scheiten der Ideologien. // Irgendwer ist immer der Boese im Land, // und dann kann man als Guter // und die Augen voll Sand // in die heiligen Kriege ziehn!” - Konstantin Wecker, Im Namen des Wahnsinns, S. 82. - CRUSADES, PROSECUTIONS, WITCH-HUNTS, HOLY WARS

INTOLERANCE: Stone all those ready to initiate the stoning of others. – JZ, 31.3.86. – ZAP: ZERO AGGRESSION PRINCIPLE, NON-INITIATION OF FORCE

INTOLERANCE: Taxation is an extreme feature of intolerance. - JZ, 29.12.76, 26.10.02.

INTOLERANCE: Territorial archists, authoritarians, dogmatists, egalitarians and intolerant anarchists are a problem, not the solution. They will definitely not lead us towards free, voluntaristic, competitive, peaceful, secure, progressive and prosperous societies - but will contribute to the continuance of the present messes. - JZ, 18.1.95, 19.10.02.

INTOLERANCE: The burning of widows is your custom. Prepare the funeral pire. But my nation also has a custom. When men burn women alive, we hang them and confiscate all their property. My carpenters shall therefore erect gibbets on which to hang all concerned when the widow is consumed. Let us all act according to national customs." – Sir Charles Napier, c. 1844; Sir William Napier, “History of General Sir Charles Napier’s Administration of Scinde”, 1851, p.35. – Instead, the widows, before they were burnt by their countrymen, should be offered the option of joining any community of their choice that does not burn widows. The widows are not like other criminals with victims. They have done nothing wrong and do have the right to live, if they want to. Under full monetary freedom there would also, almost always, some productive work for them. – Otherwise, the previously saved widows might take care of them. – Napier, with the best intentions, still threatened to impose his kind of law. – Here it should have been the involuntary and innocent victims’ choice. – JZ, 5.1.09, 18.9.13. - INTOLERANT RELIGIONS, BURNING OF WIDOWS, RESISTANCE AGAINST INTOLERANCE, PANARCHISM, INDIVIDUAL SECESSIONISM

INTOLERANCE: The devil loves nothing better than the intolerance of reformers, and dreads nothing so much as their charity and patience.” - James Russell Lowell. - They do not have to be charitable and patient when they enjoy full exterritorial autonomy for their reforms among their kind of volunteers. - JZ, 25.11.02, 18.9.13.

INTOLERANCE: The end of thought - ideas in uniform.” - Roger McDonald, "1915", p.220.

INTOLERANCE: The essential point is that such intolerance to minorities is a mere reflection of the State monopoly ... The evil thing about it is that it is always an attack on innocent people, who happened (normally through no-fault of their own) to have darker skins or longer noses, to speak a different language, or to practice a different religion from the majority.” - J. D. Mabbott, The State And The Citizen, p.168. - STATES, MINORITIES AND TERRITORIALISM

INTOLERANCE: The kind of man who wants the government to adopt and enforce his ideas is always the kind of man whose ideas are idiotic.” – H. L. Mencken. – Whoever is sufficiently confident that his reforms are superior would want to introduce them only tolerantly, among his volunteers, not coercively and territorially for a whole population at once. – He would demonstrate his so far only imagined improvements in tolerant experiments and so would do the least damage. Alternatively, if he really has something good to offer, then he could still gain, finally, the support of most of the population of a country. Thus he would also provoke the least animosity and resistance. – He would also require a much shorter enlightenment period to gain sufficient voluntary supporters to practise his reforms among them, than he would need for trying to win majority support for his proposed reforms. – The experimental or laboratory or voluntary method works best not only in private lives, in science, technology and the arts but also for political, economic and social systems and their reforms. – Territorialist and collectivist prejudices have made us largely blind to this fact. - JZ, 4.1.08, 18.9.13. - IGNORANCE, FOOLISHNESS, COMPULSION & TERRITORIALISM OF REFORMERS, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM IN ALL SPHERES

INTOLERANCE: The miseries derived to mankind from superstition under the name of religion, and of ecclesiastical tyranny under the name of church government, have been clearly and usefully exposed. We begin to think and the act from reason and from nature alone.” - Edmund Burke, A Vindication of Natural Society, 1756. - RELIGIONS & CHURCHES, PRIESTS, SUPERSTITION, FAITHS

INTOLERANCE: The real crime … is acting on a belief that certainty entitles you to imposed your views on others." - L. Neil Smith, A Matter of Certainty, Brad Linaweaver & Edward E. Kramer, eds., Free Space, Tom Doherty Associates Book, New York, www.tor.com, 1998, p.282. - FOR TOLERANT ACTIONS, TERRITORIALISM, DEMANDING FREEDOM OF ACTION NOT ONLY IN THE OWN SPHERE BUT IN THAT OF OTHERS AS WELL

INTOLERANCE: The uncompromising attitude is more indicative of an inner uncertainty than a deep conviction. The implacable stand is directed more against the doubt within than the assailant without.” - Eric Hoffer - FANATICISM, FUNDAMENTALISM, CONVICTIONS & DOUBTS

INTOLERANCE: These neo-puritans refuse to acknowledge any moral code or belief system but their own.” - Joe Fulks, THE CONNECION 138, p.26. - They are right to do so - but only for the relations among themselves, in their own volunteer communities, in which they should be exterritorially autonomous. In their relations to members of other communities they will have to pay attention to their traditions, customs, contracts and ethical or moral codes, if they do not want to be treated as aggressors. - JZ, 20.10.02. - FANATICS, IDEOLOGUES, TRUE BELIEVERS, STIRNERIANS, EGOISM, UTILITARIANS, MORALISTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, PANARCHISM, FUNDAMENTALISTS, ABSOLUTISTS, MEDDLERS, INTERVENTIONISTS, TERRITORIALISM, COERCIVE COLLECTIVISM

INTOLERANCE: They seem not to care how many people they trample on to bring about their golden utopia.” - Jim Stumm, THE CONNECTION 133, p.69. - UTOPIANS, IDEOLOGUES, TRUE BELIEVERS, STATISTS, TERRITORIALISTS

INTOLERANCE: Those who are convinced they have a monopoly on The Truth always feel that they are only saving the world when they slaughter the heretics.” -  Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. - ZEALOTS, FANATICS, REFORMERS, REVOLUTIONARIES, HERETICS

INTOLERANCE: To be furious in religion is to be irreligiously religious.” - William Penn. - RELIGION & FANATICISM

INTOLERANCE: To know a person's religion we need not listen to his profession of faith but must find his brand of intolerance.” - Eric Hoffer. - RELIGION

INTOLERANCE: Trouble is, society won't function without some measure of intolerance and compulsion.” - Poul Anderson, The Best of Poul Anderson, p.174. (Towards end of part 4 of the story: The Fatal Fulfillment.) - The only justifiable intolerant and coercive measures are those directed against intolerant people and coercers. - JZ, 26.1.00, 20.10.02. – COMPULSION, COERCION, DEFENCE, AGAINST CRIMINALS, AGGRESSORS

INTOLERANCE: Unity and self-sacrifice, of themselves, even when fostered by the most noble means, produce a facility for hating. Even when men league themselves mightily together to promote tolerance and peace on earth, they are likely to be violently intolerant toward those not of a like mind.” - Eric Hoffer. – Only if they persist with territorial ideas, premises, actions and institutions. In religion, personal life styles, the organization of production and exchange, in arts, fashions, hobbies, technology and science as well, we have largely come away from this. The natural unity among volunteers and the enforced unity among populations of whole territories should be distinguished. – JZ, 23.1.08, 3.5.13. – UNITY, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, VOLUNTARISM, PERSONAL LAW, UNITY, UNIFICATION

INTOLERANCE: We are most intolerant against those faults and mistakes of others which are the caricature of our own.” - (Wir sind gegen keine Fehler an anderen intoleranter, als welche die Karikatur unserer eigenen sind.”) - Grillparzer. - FAULTS, CRITICISM

INTOLERANCE: We only got one life and most of us use it like a knife to cut up others with.” - From film: The Wild and the Willing, 1962. - BARBARISM, WARS, CIVIL WARS, VIOLENCE, TERRORISM

INTOLERANCE: What is objectionable, what is dangerous about extremists is not that they are extreme but that they are intolerant.” - Robert F. Kennedy, The Pursuit of Justice. - As a territorialist, he too was extremely intolerant. - JZ, 27.10.02. - EXTREMISM, RADICALISM, FUNDAMENTALISTS, TRUE BELIEVERS, FANATICS

INTOLERANCE: When you and ours have it in our power to do for you and yours what you and yours have done for us and ours, then we and ours will do for you and yours what you and yours have done for us and ours.” - Old English toast. - That can be conceived either as an expression of gratefulness, mutuality, or free exchange, as well as a threat of revenge for wrongs done to oneself. Drinking and drunk people are not likely to ponder much about this difference. It can be a toast for one nation only or for a peaceful competition between numerous competing governments and free societies or communities. - Intolerance should not be generalized, e.g. territorially practised by States of the present kind, but rather abolished and replaced by tolerance, for tolerant actions and experiments, made possible through exterritorially autonomous communities of volunteers, under personal laws - with all of them originally established via individual secessionism. - JZ, 12.7.86, 25.10.02. - PANARCHISM, POWER

INTOLERANCE: Whenever they burn books they will also, in the end, burn human beings.” – Heinrich Heine (1797-1856), Almansor: A Tragedy, 1823 - AT DIFFERENT STAGES. FROM BOOKS BURNINGS TO MASS MURDERS

INTOLERANCE: Whoever kindles the flames of intolerance is lighting the fire underneath his own home. - Harold E. Stassen, ANALOG, 1/91, p.267. - TOLERANCE, PANARCHISM

INTOLERANCE: You wanted them to live', I challenged, 'but only if they lived like you!'" - Marie Jakober, The Mind Gods. - All the mass murderous ideologues still act on the ancient maxim: "Do not allow a witch to live!", even when they pretend to fight superstition and religion. - JZ, 24.10.02. - COMPASSION OR LACK OF IT

INTOLERANT ANARCHISTS: Anarchist movement people are largely people who tell each other that they are not "true blue" or "true black" anarchists. Only the members of the own small anarchist sect would be true anarchists, or so they believe. - JZ, 10.2.94. - Being as intolerant as they are to other anarchists and libertarians, they are even more intolerant towards the vast majority of people who are still statists. Since most of the anarchists and libertarians are still territorialists, they do thus ignore the fastest road for everyone to the government or non-governmental society of their own free choice. – K.Z. & JZ, 21.10.02, 18.9.13. – G.P.d.B. suggested replacing K. Z.’s last word in his formula, “dream”, by “choice”.

INTUITION: Intuition is reason in a hurry.” - (“Intuition ist Vernunft in Eile.”) - Jackson. – All too often it is also irrationality in a hurry, a mere instinctual reaction or knee-jerk response. – JZ, 17.9.13. – REASON, INSTINCT, IRRATIONALITY

INVASION: there is nothing sacred in the life of an invader.” – Benjamin R. Tucker, LIBERTY, August 30, 1890, p.4. - At least not while he is threatening to attack or actually engaged in it. Once he is rendered harmless, it becomes another matter. Some protective associations would merely physically recycle him, e.g., utilizing those of his organs still useful to others. Others would attempt to rehabilitate him mentally and then extract a sufficient indemnification plus all costs out of him. And some would hold him also collectively responsible for similar crimes of others who were not caught and convicted. - JZ, 1.2.02. - AGGRESSION, RESISTANCE, LIFE, SELF-DEFENCE, VIOLENCE, KILLING, EXECUTIONS, RIGHT TO LIFE

INVASION: The muddled thinking of the Allied Governments in WW II is e.g. shown by them calling the D-Day operation an "invasion". It was certainly not an invasion for their Free French and Free Poland allied forces and would not have been one for Germans who would have liked to be their allies as Germans for a free Germany. Liberation and Deliverance should be distinguished from invasions and other aggressions. - JZ, 24.2.88, 18.9.13. – LIBERATION OF CAPTIVE NATIONS & SOCIETIES

INVASIONS: It behooves every man who values liberty of conscience for himself, to resist invasions of it in the case of others; or their case may, by change of circumstances, become his own.” - President Thomas Jefferson, letter to Benjamin Rush, April 21, 1803. - The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Paul L. Ford, vol. 8, p.224, footnote I (1897). - OF LIBERTY, RESISTANCE, RIGHTS

INVENTIONS: with all man's marvelous ability to invent things which are potentially good, he can always be counted on to make the worst possible use of what he invents; as witness the radio, printing-press, aeroplane and the internal-combustion engine.” - Albert Jay Nock, Memoirs of a Superfluous Man, Harper, 1943, p.214/215. - Did Nock make the worst possible use of e.g. printing presses, railways and steamships? Without technology he would have visited few of the places he did and read little of the literature he did. - Worse still, man might make NO or all too little use of them, like e.g. most "freedom lovers" make no or too little use of floppy disks, microfiche, audio- and video tapes, CDs and online options for freedom literature. I for one appreciate the personal freedom that e.g. cars and planes give me, even under the restrictions and costs imposed upon them by governments and in spite of the abuses of both of them e.g. during wars and by some drivers and pilots. – JZ, n.d. - INNOVATIONS, IDEAS, MAN, PESSIMISM

INVENTIONS: A tools is but an extension of a man's hand, and a machine is but a complex tool. And he that invents a machine augments the power of a man and the well-being of mankind.” - Henry Ward Beecher. - But Doomsday Bombs, fission or fusion bombs are more than mere inventions. They are mass murder devices and as such belong into nobody's hands. - JZ, 25.11.02. - MACHINES, TOOLS, NWT, AUTOMATION

INVENTIONS: All progress is based upon a universal innate desire on the part of every organism to live beyond its income.” - Samuel Butler (1835-1902), English author. Notebooks, ch. 1 (1912). - This I deny. Many do live below their income, giving much of it away e.g., to sponsor research that does not yet pay for itself. - Some do also prefer more leisure to working more for a still higher income. They rather reduce their bread-earning working hours. There is some truth in all generalisations but certainly not all the truth. - JZ, 29.10.02. – He should rather have said at the end: “to increase its income.” – JZ, 14.1.08.INNOVATIONS, REFORMS, GENERALIZATIONS

INVENTIONS: An inventor is simply a fellow who doesn't take his education too seriously.” - Charles Kettering. - INNOVATIONS, REFORMS, EDUCATION, INVENTORS

INVENTIONS: Nothing is invented and perfected at the same time.” - Latin Proverb. - INNOVATIONS, IDEAS & PERFECTION

INVENTIVENESS: Reforms, initiative, creativeness, honesty, freedom of contract and self-obligation should not be outlawed, restricted or regulated in the spheres of alternative money issues, reflux, acceptance, market rating, refusals, usage and value standards, finance, clearing, insurance and guarantees, either. Uniformity or “one size fits all” is no more apt in the monetary sphere than it is in other spheres. We need no more a single standardized and uniform means of exchange and value standard for all than we need a single and standardized kind of tooth brush, tennis racket, head cover or pair of shoes. On the contrary, the supply of needed and wanted exchange media and value standards as well as the refusal of unnecessary and unwanted exchange media and value standards, should be as free as possible. Money is much too important to be left to the ignorance, prejudices and vested interests of politicians, bureaucrats and their "expert" advisors. History has supplied more than enough proofs for that. Neither money, nor peace nor the provision of capital, of roads, research, education, health services, postal services, defence forces, liberation or revolution or the defeat of terrorism can be confidently left to the knowledge and abilities of governments. Indeed, there is nothing that territorial governments have proven they are quite able and efficient to supply as cheaply and well as possible. - JZ, 27.8.02. – MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE BANKING, UNIFORMITY, COMPETING FREE MARKET MONIES, GOVERNMENTALISM, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM, EXPERIMENTAL FREEDOM, PERSONAL LAW, VOLUNTARISM

INVESTIGATION: The man who will not investigate both sides of a question is dishonest.” —Lincoln. - Theodore Schroeder, compiler, “Free Press Anthology”, 1909, Sec. III, ”Laconics of Toleration and Free Inquiry.” – Did he investigate the right of states, minorities and individuals to secede? – JZ, 24.9.08. – Did he investigate monetary freedom as opposed to monetary despotism? – Do most of those favoring freedom of expression and information favor full economic freedom, too, i.e., an exchange not only of information, but of material things, or do many “intellectuals” rather argue against it, while knowing almost nothing about economics? - JZ, 5.1.09, 18.9.13. – DISHONESTY, OBJECTIVITY

INVESTMENT SPENDING: At the moment investment spending, not consumer spending, is the major factor in the present inflationary crisis on the expenditure side. - Retail sales are only growing at an annual rate of 8 % at the moment, compared with about 20% for investment...” - THE AUSTRALIAN, 11.2.71. - Neither can grow, out of nothing, under monetary despotism, without the central bank making more of its legal tender monopoly money available. - Inflationary effects are always uneven upon different parts of the economy. Those spheres, whose prices or wages grow fastest, do not cause an inflation but merely show its effects earlier. The other sectors follow, sooner or later, sometimes a year or even two later. The fever symptoms do not cause the fever. The inflationary price rises do not cause the inflation. They do not even make inflation worse but are merely part adaptations to it. - JZ, 2.4.97. - CONSUMER SPENDING & INFLATION

INVESTMENTS: Business will continue to go where invited and remain where appreciated.” - Author Unknown. - INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS, MULTINATIONALS, FREE ENTERPRISE, TAXATION, REGULATIONS, FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

INVESTMENTS: Private investments must make profits, thereby serving people with what they want at prices they are prepared to pay.” - Ronald Kitching, 2/95 AVS - PPNL, Feb/March 95. - PROFIT

INVESTMENTS: Take stock in America, i.e., do not invest in government bonds and treasury notes but, rather, in private industrial and agricultural bonds. - JZ, 5.6.92. - But as long as the government's central banking system remains empowered to systematically depreciate its monopolized and forced currency, try at least to get suitable and acceptable value preserving clauses inserted in your private securities. Often, like in Germany, they are outlawed, too, to make the legal tender paper money robbery even more comprehensive. - JZ, 27.10.02. - GOVERNMENT SECURITIES OR GOVERNMENT INSECURITIES

INVESTMENTS: There is an almost invincible prejudice that a man who gives a dollar to a beggar is generous and kind-hearted, but that a man who refuses the beggar and puts the dollar in a savings-bank is stingy and mean. The former is putting capital where it is very sure to be wasted, and where it will be a kind of seed for a long succession of future dollars, which must be wasted to ward off a greater strain on the sympathies than would have been occasioned by a refusal in the first place. Inasmuch as the dollar might have been turned into capital and given to a laborer who, while earning it, would have reproduced it, it must be regarded as taken from the latter. ...” - W. G. Sumner, What Social Classes Owe To Each Other, p.109. - VS. CHARITY, CAPITAL, FORGOTTEN MAN

INVISIBLE HAND: Every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of society as great as he can. He generally neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intends only his own gain, and he is, in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was not part of his intention." - Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations – PUBLIC INTEREST, GENERAL INTEREST, COMMON GOOD, SELFISHNESS, EGOISM, SELF-INTEREST, MAKING MONEY BY SERVING OTHERS & SERVING THEM WELL ENOUGH OR VERY WELL.

INVISIBLE HAND: The "invisible hand" does not work very well for innovations - as long as there is no proper market for them. In other words, consumers of economic, politicial, social, technical and scientific services, in their ignorance and prejudices, do often ignore what would be best for themselves and what, if fully informed, they would like most. When prejudices rule, then the invisible hand can't. – As long as under-informed - and even all too many intellectuals - imagine that a territorial monopoly supply of policial, economic and social system services is best, they will have to be satisfied with some of the worst possible kinds of such services, namely the governamental ones. In this sphere he choices of dissenting individiuals and minorities are not allowed to realized for them. JZ, 27.8.85. - IDEAS ARCHIVE, PREJUDICES

IOU’S: All producers and service providers could freely exchange all their products and services via IOUs freely issued by them and then cleared against each other. - JZ, 16.5.96. - To facilitate the issues and that clearing process and make that clearing appear much more in a monetary way, the IOUs should become standardised in form and appear in numbered and certified money denominations, using any value standard attractive to the issuers and the users of these clearing certificates. - JZ, 19.3.97. - CLEARING HOUSE CERTIFICATES, CLEARING, MONETARY FREEDOM

IOU'S: Free banking means freedom to issue, refuse, accept, discount exchange and trade private or cooperatively issued assignments, IOUs, certificates, notes, tokens, etc., in as convenient forms as possible, i.e. in standardised monetary denominations, but otherwise distinct from all other monies, which make them suitable for at least local circulation. Each may thus freely offer, in transferable symbols, in private coins, notes or electronic messages, all his ready for sale goods, services and labour and he may also make a business out of facilitating private and cooperative issues for others and to manage them. To so assign one's ready for sale properties and services, including labour, and to do so in suitable associations with others, is a basic right and liberty, part of the total freedom to own property, make contracts, trade and exchange freely and associated with the right and duty to as far as possible support oneself by one's own efforts and property. It is obvious that such a freedom is rightful and harmless and that, at least potentially, it can be very beneficial if fully realized. - JZ, 11.1.96, 20.3.97. - IOU’s OR ASSIGNMENTS UPON ONESELF, FREE BANKING, MONETARY FREEDOM, ISSUE PRINCIPLE

IQ: INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT: CQ + PQ is always greater than IQ. That is, curiosity quotient plus passion quotient is always greater than intelligence quotient.” – Thomas Friedman, columnist with THE NEW YORK TIMES, in speech to the Sydney Institute, edited version in: THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, 4.5.07. – EDUCATION

IRAQ: The case of Iraq cries out for a panarchistic solution to its political strife through its great diversity. As a territorial State it is a quite artificial creation, one that was, largely, forced upon it. The USA intervention in recent years tries to continue that imposition, this time in favor of a territorial democracy, which does not correspond to the ideals of most of its diverse population, which has so far not shown any great tolerance between the various groups. By religion most are Muslims and two sects represent most of them, the Sunni and the Shia. They outnumber each other in different areas and try to dominate each other territorially. Christians form a minority of only about 3 % and this minority is split e.g. into Nestorians, Chaldeans, Syrian Orthodox, Catholics, Armenian Gregorians, Greek Orthodox, various Protestants, Yezedis and Sabians. Jews once numbered 118,000 but migration to Israel, more or less voluntary, reduced their number to 15,000. – Kurds constitute one of the ethnic minorities but in parts of Iraq they form the majority and ethnically they are tied to Kurds in Syria, Turkey and Iran, but politically, by State borders, they are separated from them. The Arabs are Kurds, Turks and Persians, with a small number of Indians. Non-Muslims, apart from Christians and Jews are Assyrians, Yezidis, Sabians (Mandaeans), Chaldaeans, and Armenians. – To force them all into a single territorial State is a wrongful and irrational attempt, even if that attempt is a democratic or republican one. Most of the diverse groups would rather prefer to rule themselves. Alas, the exterritorial autonomy options for their communities of volunteers has not yet been the subject of a sufficient public debate, least of all in the USA and in the UK and in Australia in their governmental and parliamentarty circles and in the mass media and the political science departments at universities. Shall the war and civil war going on there be continued for years without publicly discussing the panarchist alternative for Iraq? – How many people have so far been killed as a result of the territorialist artificial construction attempt in 1919, under a British mandate? - JZ, 23.3.09. – Q., TERRITORIALISM, PANARCHISM, DIVERSITY, VOLUNTARISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTOUNOMY FOR ALL DISSENTING MINORITIES, GOVERNMENTS & SOCIETIES IN EXILE, RECOGNIZED ONLY FOR THEIR PRESENT & FUTURE VOLUNTEERS, WOULD BE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS A GENUINE SOLUTION THERE & IN MANY OTHER COUNTRIES.

IRAQ: Why do they rather talk and write about a war against Iraq, the bombing of Bagdad, of fighting a whole people or nation, or, rather, a very diverse population, only territorially and coercively “unified”, rather than internationally outlawing a ruler like Saddam Hussein and putting a large enough price on his head, perhaps doubling the price - if he is delivered alive to an international court of justice? Would they rather see millions of his subjects killed, as conscripted soldiers or non-combatants, than him and a few of his henchmen? Would the promised prize have to be as large as the estimated costs of such a war, namely ca. US $ 200 billion? - JZ, 30.8.02, 30.10.02. - WAR, TYRANNY, MASS EXTERMINATION DEVICES, DICTATORSHIPS, TYRANNICIDE, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR ALL DISSENTING GROUPS, WAR & PEACE AIMS, GOVERNMENTS IN EXILE, ENEMY CONCEPT, WARFARE

IRELAND TUATH: See: PANARCHISM, TUATH IN IRELAND

IRELAND: Are there any rightful Irish war and peace aims? What war aims could be rightful enough in they eyes of all parties and factions, so that all could come to agree upon them and avoid further fighting? - JZ, 27.5.86, 3.5.13. – Q., PANARCHISM, RIGHTFUL WAR AIMS , CIVIL WAR OR REVOLUTION OR LIBERATION OF ALL THE DIVERSE GROUPS,  RIGHTFUL PEACE AIMS

IRELAND: Ireland has the honor of being the only country, which never persecuted the Jews. - because we never let any in. - James Joyce. - True or false? -Or were rights and liberties and opportunities in Ireland so restricted that few rational Jews wanted to migrate there? - JZ, 29.6.00. - ANTISEMITISM

IRELAND: Without civil order there can be no civil liberty. This they know full well in those parts of Northern Ireland terrorized by private armies and their protection rackets. Anarchy is the enemy of freedom.” - John Biggs-Davidson, address to Loughton Conservatives, March 14, 1976. - Each of them, like every territorial government, is trying to impose its order, instead of being satisfied with full autonomy but only for itself and for all others who want their kind of autonomy for themselves. Genuine anarchy or self-government or self-management is the ultimate of freedom of choice - for all individuals, not just for some territorial rulers, but also for all kinds of statists as well as all kinds of anarchists. It can be introduced only as an exterritorial autonomoy or personal law option for all societies, communities and governance systems of volunteers. The competion by different groups for exclusive rule over the same territory, i.e., multiple territorial governmentalism, not anarchism, is causing most civil disorders. Even all too many of the diverse anarchists do attempt to intolerantly introduce their favourite form of anarchism exclusively over whole territories, although only over smaller and "decentralized" local territories. Seeing that they still form only various tiny minority groups, while most other groups, especially the various statists, are much larger, this means that their "anarchistic" attempts to realize anarchy for all is even more despotic - because it tries to impose their ideals upon a much larger number of dissenting people, namely all statists. To that extent these "anarchists" try to dominate non-anarchists, instead of letting them do their own statist things to and for themselves. - As for the first sentence of JBD: Without civil liberty there can be no civil order. - JZ, 12.11.82, 8.4.89, 26.10.02. – TERRITORIALISM VS. EXTERRITORIALISM FOR VOLUNTEERS OR PANARCHISM

IRON CURTAIN: From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” - Winston Churchill. – Are immigration restrictions a just alternative to it? – JZ, 14.1.09. - SOVIET EMPIRE, TERRITORIAL IMPERIALISM, BORDERS, FRONTIERS, IMMIGRATION RESTRICITONS

IRRESPONSIBILITY: The free market punishes irresponsibility. Government rewards it.” – Harry Browne - IRRESPONSIBILITY IN FREE MARKETS & UNDER GOVERNMENTS. THE SUBSIDIZATION OF FAILURES & THE PUNISHMENT OF SUCCESSES. WELFARE STATES & FREE MARKETS OR FREE ENTERPRISE & FREE EXCHANGE CAPITALISM OR LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONOMICS, INCLUDING EVEN FULL MONETARY FREEDOM

IRRESPONSIBILITY: We have, in fact, brought into being a sort of imitation, synthetic, substituted world in which everything is impersonal and everybody irresponsible, and for this we are largely indebted to our Socialist thinkers and talkers, for Socialism, of course, denies the need for responsibility. We are all arranging somebody else's work and spending somebody else's money, nobody can be blamed for anything, and we all go out of work ‘through no fault of our own.’" - Ernest Benn, Honest Doubt, p.214/215. - RESPONSIBILITY, SOCIALISM, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, TAXATION

IRS: Join the IRS. Are you a thief out of work? Between jobs? Consider the benefits of joining the IRS. Steady Pay - We Pool and Divide the Booty. Low Risk - The Law Is On Your Side. Job Security - As Sure As Death & Taxes.” - Simon Jester Sticker. – TAXATION, JOKES

IS: you can't turn against what is. - … Sometimes, you gotta … if you're gonna reach what can be.” - Lee Correy, Amateur, ASTOUNDING SF, July 1954, British edition, p.78. - CHANGE, EXISTENCE, FACTS, POWER, REALITY, IDEALS, DREAMS, PROGRESS, LIBERATION, REVOLUTION, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS & LIBERTIES

ISLAM: Mohammed was not the prophet of mass murderers only. He tolerated at least all other people who had “holy books” and paid some head tax and recommended, somewhere in the Koran, the sparing of women, children and water sources. – JZ, 18.6.04. – I wish someone would extract and compile, for me and others, all the relevant passages, proving the degrees of tolerance in Islam to the extent that its prophet advocated it. I have never managed to read through all of the Koran, since I find much other reading matter more interesting. – Perhaps somebody has already done this job and I have simply never come across it. - JZ, 26.10.07. - MOHAMMED, KORAN, TOLERANCE & LIMITED WARFARE METHODS

ISLAM: The Crusaders found Christians everywhere they went – for the simple reason that Christians had been there all along. For a thousand years Christians had been living peacefully among the Moslems, along with Armenians, Albanians, Greeks, Copts, Marenites, Druses, Jews, Parsis, Hindus, to mention a few. “Let there be no violence in religion,” Mohammed had cautioned” … fight for the religion of God against those who fight against you; but transgress not by attacking them first.” - It was the Europeans who had the habit of starting wars; it was the Europeans who massacred heretics, down to the last infant. They killed the Albigenses, the Waldenses, the Socinians, the Huguenots, the Convenanters, and many others. Five hundred years after the Crusades, both Protestants and Catholics were alternately seeking refuge in the American wilderness to save their lives from European fanaticism.” - Henry Grady Weaver, The Mainspring of Human Progress, revised edition, FEE, 1953, p. 114/15. – This excellent book is now online. – JZ, 18.9.13. - MOHAMMED, RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE, CHRISTIANITY, FANATICISM, GENOCIDE, INTOLERANCE, COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY THOUGHTS & ACTIONS

ISMS: Nice people prefer all kinds of isms - but only for themselves. - JZ, 18.1.95. - TOLERANCE, PANARCHISM, IDEOLOGIES, NICE PEOPLE

ISMS: To each the ism of his choice - and its practice, at the own expense and risk. - JZ, n.d. - TOLERANCE, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY, VOLUNTARISM, PANARCHISM, IDEOLOGIES, HARMONY, PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE, TO EACH HIS OWN

ISOLATION: Sometimes like-minded individuals seem almost as rare, distant and inaccessible as other habitable planets are or acquaintance with them is as rare, distant and fleeting as are falling large meteors. - JZ, 3.6.94, 3.5.13. - OF INDIVIDUALS WITH RARE INTERESTS, IDEAS & TALENTS

ISOLATION: We're all of us sentenced to solitary confinement inside our own skins.” - Tennessee Williams, Orpheus Descending, 1956. - ALONE, INDIVIDUALS, MAN, SOLITARY CONFINEMENT

ISOLATIONISM: hoping you are both well, and that you can successfully isolate yourselves from what is going on in the world of war and politics.” - Letters From Albert Jay Nock, 1924-45, to Mr. & Mrs. Edmund C. Evans & Ellen Windsor, Caxton, 1949, p.125. - Under territorialism this is difficult to impossible in many cases. Under exterritorialism, based upon individual secessionism, it would be a common way of life. Better still, few military, economic, social and political problems would remain. - JZ, 4.5.00, 18.9.13. - NEUTRALITY, RETREATISM, EXTERRITORIAL AUTONOMY FOR VOLUNTEERS, PERSONAL LAW, PANARCHISM

ISOLATIONISM: Isolationism is a good policy for governments - but not for individuals. - JZ, 7.10.74.

ISOLATIONISM: One of the great anomalies of our time is the urgency, on the one hand, for political One-World-ism, and, on the other, for economic isolationism.” - Frank Chodorov, One Is A Crowd, p.129/130. - The common feature of both is territorial statism. - JZ, 26.10.02. - INTERNATIONALISM & PROTECTIONISM, FREE TRADE, GOVERNMENTALISM, STATISM, TERRITORIALISM

ISRAEL: Because I like Jewish people more than most other people, I dislike to see them organized in another territorial State, which tends, like all other such States, to draw out the worst in all of us and to give the least scope for creative endeavors. - JZ, 30.6.87.

ISRAEL: Exterritorially there is enough "space" in Israel etc., for Zionists and other Jews of all kinds, as well as for Arabs of all kinds, Christians of all sects and churches and ideologues of all kinds, all living autonomously under personal laws, in volunteer-communities that are only exterritorially autonomous. Only as territorialists do they clash. - JZ, 26.4.88, 26.10.02. – PANARCHISM V.S TERRITORIALISM, VOLUNTARISM VS. COMPULSION

ISRAEL: Let the Jews secede from Arab domination and the Arabs from Jewish domination - in a return to the rightful traditions of both - and there will be peace in and around Israel or Palestine. - JZ, 26.5.74. - To be completely realized this requires full exterritorial autonomy under personal law - for all their volunteer communities as well as for all other communities of volunteers. - JZ, 26.10.02, 3.11.02, 3.5.13. - SECESSIONISM, PANARCHISM

ISRAEL: One or several exterritorially autonomous and personal law Israels for all voluntary Zionists and other Jewish groups and one or several Arab and Palestinian volunteer communities, with the same independence, for all kinds of Palestinians and other Arab groups. - JZ, 28.3.89. - None of them to be confined to any national or State borders. - JZ, 26.10.02. - PANARCHISM

ISRAEL: The establishment of a territorial Israel was not the solution of the Jewish problem or of the problem posed by Antisemitism - in the face of Antisemitism or, rather, of the problems posed by intolerant Christians and other non-Jewish believers and of other kinds of ethnic and national groups, societies and communities. By its very attempt to impose an exclusive Jewish State, as a “unified” and territorial one, with exclusively Jewish laws, administrations and jurisdiction, was a perpetuation and even an increase of this problem, too. So much so, that one of my early correspondents, Emmanuel Levin (who also claimed that he invented the phrase: “Make love, not war!” ), called them the Jewish Nazis. In other words: National and statist socialists. The various Jewish people there assembled may be more democratic, more individualistic, less racist and authoritarian than the Nazis were, but they do still have all too many features and practices in common with them. That may also be one of the reasons why most of the Jewish people in the world felt under no obligation to migrate to and settle in Israel. The statist "solution" of "blood and soil" notions is not a real solution for any people, anywhere. It represents an outdated philosophy, which we will either have to give up or that will destroy us. How many or how few hydrogen bombs could destroy all of Israel or e.g. England or Ireland? It has set itself up as a target for its territorialist opposition and has ignored the degrees of peaceful and tolerant as well as exterritorial traditions that exist in Jewish and Arab history – and this in favour of the intolerante religion of territorial nationalism and statism. Their Arab and Muslim opponents - and the “Christians” everywhere, have mostly practised the same kind of territorial and statist intolerance. All express their "love" for their "enemies" with mass murder devices  or terrorism, practised upon the "principle" of collective responsibility of innocents for the actions of their rulers or of some people among them. It is like punishing whole populations for the actions of some criminals among them and is thus, inherently injust. With the removal of territorialism their targets will become dissolved. With exterritorial autonomy for all volunteer communities their enemies will disappear or, rather, become habitually ignorable or tolerable. When will the first Jews and Arabs set up their first organizations aiming at full exterritorial autonomy for all of them and all other minorities in the world and all suppressed majorities? - JZ, 22.12.92, 23.10.02.  – Q., TERRITORIALISM, NWT, STATISM, INTOLERANCE, COMPULSORY & TERRITORIAL SEGREGATION

ISRAEL: When Abraham the Wanderer marched out from Ur of the Chaldees he came, as the Bedouin came now, with a private God and a private promise and a private tribal life of flocks and herds and familial alliances. The promise was simple and final: ‘For all the land that thou seest I will give to thee and thy children forever.’ The promise made no sense to the petty kings of Canaan because they did not acknowledge the God who made it. And twentieth-century Israel, who claimed the same inheritance under the same covenant, was challenged on exactly the same grounds.” – Morris West, The Tower of Babel, p.224, 1968, 1971. - GOD, BIBLE, ZIONISM, RELIGION, NATIONALISM, TERRITORIALISM

ISSUE OF MONEY: If everyone were free to issue banknotes then everyone could cause an inflation, i.e., inflation would be inevitable. Thus money issue must be monopolised and centrally regulated by a sound monetary policy.” - Dogma of the popular religion on money. - If you could issue your IOUs only at 10% discount and would have to accept them, immediately, from anyone, at 100%, would you issue many more of them? Moreover, I would no more be likely to accept your IOUs at all than you would be likely to accept mine at all. Both our IOUs or notes or certificates would not have legal tender power. If everyone could issue legal tender notes then and only then could everyone cause an inflation. Our cheques are not legal tender. Thus neither of us can cause an inflation with them. And apart from the regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission, everyone of us could issue shares, even in small denomination, 10 cents to $ 1 each. Their issue and even over-issue could only depreciate these shares, not the shares of others. Our depreciated shares, if we tried to use them as money, could be freely refused or discounted. They could not drive up the prices of any consumer goods or services expressed in sound value standards. The same applies to any competitively issued currencies. What made inflations possible, likely and frequent is precisely the issue monopoly and the legal tender privilege. They must be repealed or effectively ignored. Only towards the issuer must legal tender still be applied. Then over-issuers may dirty their own nest, to a limited extent, but will not be given a chance to dirty the nests of others. Self-help and self-responsibility in monetary matters, too. - JZ, 2.4.97. - MONEY MONOPOLY, MONETARY PREROGATIVE, FREE BANKING, MONETARY FREEDOM & INFLATION, CENTRAL BANKING, LEGAL TENDER.

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: Allow the producers and owners of goods and the providers of services to also produce and offer vouchers, warrants, purchasing and clearing certificates (in convenient money denominations but distinct from other monies) - based upon their readiness for sale offers of wanted consumer goods and services. Such notes would only oblige THEM to accept them at any time from anyone at par with their nominal value, in payments. A huge daily demand or reflux for such notes can thus be achieved, quite freely and honestly, naturally and beneficially, for the issuers and acceptors. The balance between all the goods and services offered for sale and the purchasing power to sell and buy them, could thus be achieved quite easily, almost as part of the process of production and as a result of the readiness to sell. By rights no one but the producers and owners of goods and providers of services (including labour) have the RIGHT to issue money tokens to purchase them with. - JZ, 20.9.91. – READINESS TO ACCEPT FOUNDATION, SHOP-FOUNDATION, CLEARING-FOUNDATION, TICKET-MONEY

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: Assets like consumer goods and services or debts of providers of wanted consumer goods and services, which are very soon due, can all be “coined” or printed into at least locally somewhat acceptable means of payment: e.g. petrol money, ticket money, railway money, shop foundation money, canteen money, electricity money etc. or expressed as clearing certificates or clearing account credits.. Capital assets like buildings, machines, real estate can also be used for typified and standardized issues, too, but only for the issues of capital securities, not currencies. These capital securities and their capital assets are interchangeable, or convertible into currencies, like currencies are with the goods and services they are based upon. When an attempt is made to turn the capital assets themselves into a currency then the current cover of such a “currency” in form of daily wanted consumer goods and services or due other debt payments with them is missing. No one is obliged to so accept or redeem it. Thus such "currency" is not current and will depreciate. Legal tender for it may seem to give it a value - but only an artificial one, as long as the legal tender lasts and at the expense of the providers of the goods and services and of their right to issue their own currencies instead. The least suitable "assets" to issue any currency upon are government securities or insecurities, i.e. investments in tax slaves, and quite at their expense. - All assets become more easily transferable through standardised certificates based upon their values. Issues upon consumer goods and services and issues upon capital assets have that much in common. - Comparisons between turnover-credit or clearing certificates or banknotes and "asset currencies" have at least one value: They can help judge the dangers and risks of imparting any legal tender power and of any exclusive status to any currency, which is intended to promote the sales of goods and services and is to be as safe as possible from abuse and mismanagement. One can, as a thought example, apply the exclusive status and legal tender to one form of shares, bonds or mortgages or the other. Obviously, if one issuer of capital securities were given a monopoly for the issue of capital securities in a whole country and if, moreover, his securities were given legal tender power, then he could over-issue and cause an inflation with his shares, bonds or mortgages. Moreover, with them he could lay a claim to all the real capital assets in a country, as legal tender currency does now to all its consumer goods and services. Moreover, by under-issuing his securities, needed for financial transactions in this system of financial despotism, and, hypothetically, as monopoly exchange medium, if he were given that wrongful privilege, he could cause a deflation in this capital “security” or “currency”. IF they were to be legalized and used as well as exclusive and forced exchange media, then, with this wrongful powers and in the absence of all natural limits and pricing and evaluation of his “asset currency”, he could, by his “monetary policy” measures, bring about inflation, deflation and stagflation. In the absence of legal tender and an exclusive currency status or issue monopoly, he could not do so. - What he could also not do, in spite of his great power and privilege, is to supply all capital owners with just the right number of sound securities to make all their capital assets optimally transferable. But with his powers he could expropriate all of them. By analogy, by this applications of monetary despotism to the issue of capital securities, one can learn about the effect of monetary despotism upon currencies, which are basically intended mainly to promote the daily sale and purchase of consumer goods and services and labour. Such analogies are, perhaps, the greatest service that any "asset currency" can supply. They can teach us what not to do to with our capital certificates and with the issue of genuine exchange media. - JZ, 7.12.92, 29.4.97, 3.5.13, 18.9.13.

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: Money issues under full monetary freedom. Such money should only be issued like tickets are, based on offered performances and accepted only by those who do want these performances. The main performance required for local currencies is the readiness of local shops, associations of shops, shopping centers and supermarkets to offer daily wanted or needed goods and services for them. The money issued by such institutions has “shop foundation” (a term first coined by Prof. Heinrich Rittershausen) – not country-wide, but locally. The issuing local shops accept their own local currency at 100 % from anyone. It would be immoral to discount their own IOUs and would also not serve their business interests, which lies in easy, fast and large turnovers. The more people they find, who accept their notes in short-term credits, the more they will assure their own turnovers. The main short-term turnover credits required, everywhere and continuously, are those for wage and salary payments. With their shop currencies the shops or shop associations, acting as issuers, can discount e.g. the payment claims of the producers for the goods or services they have already produced and supplied but not yet been paid for. These additional and sound issues, through their natural circulation channels, back to the issuer, will help to assure that they will be paid. – All the potential acceptors are to be free to refuse to accept such notes or to discount them. The possibility of such refusals and discounts will assure that these notes will locally mostly circulate at par or close to par. Essentially they are clearing certificates to exchange goods, services and labor of the issuers for the goods, services and labor of the acceptors. The clearing does not take place instantaneously but over a short period, within weeks or months at most. These issues will tend to stream back to their issuers rather fast and will then be destroyed or cancelled (for the corresponding goods and services have then disappeared from circulation). They should be replaced by new issues, based on newly offered goods, services and labor ready for sale, to the extent that these are required and accepted as exchange media. That a sound value standard should be adopted in them and should be used in the pricing of goods, services and labor is obvious. – Whoever is able and willing to describe this potential as a rightful and economic method is hereby invited to do so, the sooner the better. So far our language has produced more errors, prejudices and confusion in this sphere than clarity and understanding – JZ, 11.6.99, 25.9.08. – Essentially even all standardized goods- and service vouchers, in money denominations, are only clearing certificates. Even rare metal coins are, although expressed with a rather expensive medium. There is no limit to the quantity of sound clearing certificates except the possibility of them to really clear mutual claims, using a mutually acceptable value standard (and free rating or pricing of the clearing certificates or accounts against it), combined with free pricing for all consumer goods and services. – JZ, 5.1.09, 3.5.13, 18.9.13. - ISSUE & CLEARING PRINCIPLE FOR COMPETITIVELY SUPPLIED ALTERNATIVE PRIVATE & COOPERATIVE LOCAL CURRENCIES, INCLUDING CLEARING CERTIFICATES & ACCOUNTS, MONETARY FREEDOM VS. MONETARY DESPOTISM

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: No issue without clear, sound, honest, immediate and well enough expressed and publicised reflux arrangements to the issuer - and legal tender power towards him. - JZ, 13.11.93, 1.5.97. – REFLUX FOUNDATION FOR MONEY TOKENS CLEARING PRINCIPLE, SOUND EXCHANGE MEDIA, SOUND COMPETING PRIVATE CURRENCIES

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: Only readiness to sell and willingness to buy can form the basis for a corresponding quantity of alternative private or cooperative exchange media or clearing certificates or clearing account credits and this only for as long and to the extent that these conditions persist. But the offered and wanted goods must be exclusively or predominantly daily wanted consumer goods and services. Only these can act as the ultimate and most important and immediate redemption and convertibility fund for any local currency. Beyond this no other cover, redemption or security is required to maintain the value of an alternative currency at par (with whatever sound value standard has been chosen by issuers, acceptors and suppliers of goods and services), at least locally, in the area around the of issueing center. All such assets, to the extent that their sale could soon be expected, under normal consumption conditions for particular goods and services, not only could but should be monetised, not by a central bank, which has no right to them, but, instead, by their owners, but only up to the limits set up in practice by the voluntary and par acceptance of such currency. The actual backing by consumer goods and services is likely to be much higher than the amount of "shop currency" that can be issued at any time at par. Stores stock goods not only for immediate sales but also for the sales in the near future. On the other hand, the fact that most of their goods and services offered can be rapidly replenished, would open at least the theoretical possibility of keeping at par a larger volume of store currency than could be at once be covered by and redeemed in all the ready for sale goods and services, if all consumers were to spend all their shop currency immediately. So, where is the limit for such issues? The free market rating for these media will determine it, not a central bank. And this is determined by the self-interest of the issuers as well as that of the acceptors and buyers. - Failure to monetise such assets up to the limits of one's supply ability for wanted goods and services, in any short term period, and up to the limits set by the free market rating - acceptances and refusals of such alternative currencies, does in effect deprive other exchange spheres of some of their exchange media, which they have issued for themselves, for their turnovers. Here, too, each should clothe himself with his own clothing rather than robbing the clothing of others. Each should feed himself rather than steal or beg his food. Each should become, as far as humanly possible and convenient, become self-reliant in this sphere, too. There is no rightful and sound substitute for self-responsibility in this sphere, either. The State and its central bank are both the worst possible substitutes for the assumption of self-responsibility by and for all traders and producers and consumers in this sphere. - JZ, 23.9.93, 24.4.97, 8.9.02, 18.9.13. – MONETARY & CLEARING EMANCIPATION, MONETARY FREEDOM, FREE BANKING

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: The issue of sound exchange media by the providers of daily wanted consumer goods and services, ought to be done in accordance with sound banking principles, to productive debtors only, who can shortly expect to be paid for what they have already produced, but are, until then, in liquidity difficulties. They may already have been paid with short term promises to pay, e.g., as was traditional for a long time, with a sound commercial bill. With that they could, indeed, pay their suppliers e.g. of raw materials, but hardly their wage, salary and tax bill. For that purpose, under the soundest form of the "banking principle", they have simply to get this large bill "cut up" or temporarily replaced by small bills or notes in standardized money denominations, with sufficient shop foundation. This a note-issuing bank or shop association can do, by either buying the commercial bill or lending upon it as a security. When the short-term security falls due, it can then be redeemed with the notes issued. To that extent it acts as a vacuum cleaner for them, achieving a reflux of them or exerting a demand for them that is corresponding to the quantity that was issued for the bill (including the commission of the bank, expressed in the bill discount, which the bank will spend for its expenditures and profit in its own bills). - The issue principle is balanced by the reflux principle, the inherent cover, security and redemption in the banking principle practice. It does not require rare metal redemption by the issuer. Convertibility on the free gold market would be possible but free market rating of it there, would be sufficient assurance of its gold weight value or purchasing power, but would not even be required, as long as locally notes are accepted by their issuers as if they were gold coins. Their shop foundation i.e. their “redemption” in daily wanted consumer goods and services, priced out in gold weight units, and accepted at par for them, at their nominal gold weigh value, would be essential and sufficient to preserve their value. - All money is used to pay or clear debts and to that extent it can be and should be based on a debt foundation or obligation foundation or readiness to accept or shop foundation or tax foundation. Whatever is acceptable in a payment community as a means of payment or clearing or settlement is suitable for it as at least one form of its kind of money. As such it can be issued by suitable members of that community of their association or by an outside agency hired for this purpose. - JZ, 27.8.02. – In the meantime I have got a free banking bibliography and an A to Z compilation on free banking placed on a websited: W www.panarchy.org - Both are long but, alas, still very incomplete and only one person’s work. - JZ, 3.5.13. - They need input from many others to become developed into useful reference works. – JZ, 18.9.13. - SHOP FOUNDATION MONEY AS LOCAL CURRENCY, BANKING PRINCIPLE AS OPPOSED TO CURRENCY PRINCIPLE, TURNOVER CREDIT MONEY

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: The right to issue and its principles can be applied not only in the monetary sphere but also in the capital market. There it can finance e.g. a libertarian take-over of the capital assets of a bureaucratic democracy (PEACE PLANS 19 C), a libertarian revolution in a dictatorship, education, innovation and research, desert irrigation, even space exploration. Its monetary application is essential for the financing of a rightful defensive war and of a rightful revolution. - JZ, 77 & 97. - ISSUE PRINCIPLE IN THE MONETARY SPHERE & IN THE CAPITAL MARKET

ISSUE PRINCIPLE: Under monetary freedom any owner of wanted consumer goods and services can issue his kind of money based upon them. The issuer issues his competitive money to buy goods or services from someone else. That someone else could have issued his own money. He might insist in being paid rather with his own money. Both monies could be fully covered by goods and services. - If they really want to trade, they will come to an agreement. Which of the two monies will be found more acceptable? That is a subjective and individual evaluation and decision. When many local people decide in favour of only one local currency or of only, lets say, half a dozen local alternative means of payment, then that is that for them. No one can rightly prescribe to them that they should have made another choice. At most another potential issuer, disagreeing with them, can try to establish a local circulation for his own issue, too, in addition to the others or, perhaps, replacing one of the others. The common principle for all issuers and acceptors is: Between us we will drive out the bad and not good enough currencies by the better ones. But one could predict that e.g. the private currency of a single local baker or shoemaker of butcher would, on its own, have a hard stand against the shop currency of a local shop association or department store or supermarket. Thus they ought to join the “gang”, becoming a member of the local shop association bank of issue, or get their own short term IOUs discounted by it, or be satisfied with a much reduced trade, or simply accept the currency provided by the others, to the extent that others buy from them with it, and use it for the own expenditures, too. Most will come to declare, by big signs in their shop windows and at their cashiers, which other currencies they will readily accept, for the time being, at par, because they do stand, presently, at par on the local markets. - Since acceptance is voluntary, except for the issuers and, by contract, for his debtors, no locality will accept more different exchange media than it finds sound and convenient enough to use. Nobody has to plan and direct the local circulation. Under full monetary freedom it is self-regulated by issuers, acceptors and by those who would didscount one such currency or even refuse it. - JZ, 5/97, 18.9.13. - ISSUE PRINCIPLE & FREEDOM

ISSUERS, POTENTIAL: Any centre that receives many payments and has many payments to make, can act as a centre for the issue of bank notes and clearing certificates. - JZ, 20.3.97. (Not my idea but one of the many fundamental ideas of Ulrich von Beckerath, 1982-1969, in my own words. – JZ, 3.5.13.)

ISSUERS: Any money that is, in practice, and in most cases, to be redeemed by the holder in consumer goods and services, can be issued in the first place by the providers of these goods and services, i.e. by retail traders, their associations or agents. This can be done even when there is not a single gold or silver coin or bullion bar left in a country. These issues do then merely facilitate clearing or an indirect, multilateral and anonymous barter exchange, almost with the ease of monetary of conventional “cash” transactions and, sometimes, make payments even easier. This kind of "commodity money" or “service money” (in form of goods-warrants and service vouchers, in monetary denominations) does not require any other kinds of "redemption" or "convertibility", "cover", "reserve" or "guaranty fund" or "securities" or "backing" or "capital". (However, when these notes are issued in short term loans, e.g. for wage payments, then these turnover credit loans, as opposed to capital loans, require suitable short term securities, arising from the sale of goods already produced, sold and on the road to the retailers. In these cases the notes do have a double cover: shop foundation plus e.g. the commercial and sound bill of exchange foundation. - JZ, 5.9.02.) Apart from legal restrictions, this kind of local currency could always be made rapidly available where there are wanted goods and services whose sale might otherwise be difficult or incomplete, although the local community is not oversupplied with them. - JZ, 8.4.97, 3.5.13, 18.9.13. - ISSUERS, POTENTIAL ONES & THEIR REDEMPTION OR READINESS TO ACCEPT FOUNDATION:

ISSUING CENTRES: Any payment centre, where regularly many payments are made and received, is, potentially, also an issuing centre for its own notes or clearing certificates, in convenient money denominations, that are subject to voluntary acceptance or rejection and free market rating and also valued by an optional sound value standard. Whatever IOUs it would issue, would tend to quickly stream back to it. Its notes would have no other value. Its debtors would express a demand for these notes in the local market, by offering their goods, services or labour for them. - JZ, 28.5.94. - PAYMENT COMMUNITIES, FOR COMPETITIVE & OPTIONAL CURRENCIES, FREE MARKET MONIES, MONETARY FREEDOM VS. THE MONETARY DESPOTISM OF CENTRAL BANKING

ITALIAN SOLUTION: In 1915, two foundations, Rockefeller and Carnegie, spent twice as much for education and social service as did the federal government.” - Richard Cornuelle, Healing America, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1983, p.11. – How much was and still is being done without federal, State and local governments, their laws, taxes and bureaucracies is still all too little known and appreciated. Much is even quite rightfully done that is officially outlawed, in the underground or black market or off-the-books economy. – JZ, 5.1.09. – Apparently, observers of black market activities in Italy, have called it the “Italian Solution”. – JZ, 3.5.13. - UNDERGROUND ECONOMY, BLACK MARKET EDUCATION, SOCIAL SERVICES, WELFARE STATE, PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS, CHARITIES

 

 


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